Chapter One Introducing Psychology Introducing Psychology.

Chapter One

Introducing

Psychology

Introducing

Psychology

Journal Entry #1Journal Entry #1

What do hope to gain fromWhat do hope to gain fromtaking this class? taking this class?

Minimum of 100 wordsMinimum of 100 words

Psychology is:

• the scientific study of behavior and

mental (cognitive) processes

• a science that can involve both animals and humans

• when applied to humans covers everything people think (cognitive), feel (emotional) and do (physical)

Ruth’s Lunch Experience

Hungry-----------(Physiological)

Cafeteria------(Learned Behavior)

Only Time in Schedule…(Cognitive)

Enters the cafeteria

Smells food………… Hears dishes clanging………..(Sensory Perceptions)

Pays for lunch………..(Learned Behavior)

Looks for a social group………..finds no one and sits alone (Acceptable Norms/Social Rules)

Gary enters the cafeteria………….

Sits with Ruth………(Social Rule/Acceptable norm)

Ruth rememberd past experience……..(Cognitive)

Became Angry……………..(Emotional Response)

Said, “NO”…………(Behavioral Response)

Felt bad and Depressed…….(Psychological Disturbance)

Left the cafeteria……..(Physical Action)

Psychologists are always asking questions………..

Must combine accumulated knowledge to come to a psychologicalconclusion!!!!

99

Goals Of Psychology

• Describe

• Explain

• Predict

• Influence

Describe

• the first goal for any psychologist is to first describe or gather information about the behaviors displayed

Explain

• Psychologists seek to explain why people do what they do…..these are presented as a

Hypothesis

An educated guessA testable prediction

that is tested through scientific research

Theory

A complex explanationbased on finds from a large number of experimentalstudies

testing

Predicting

• Psychologists after gathering data try to predict what the subject will do in the future…..what they will think or feel in various situations

• by studying the past they try to predict the future

Influence

• Some psychologists upon realization of the problem or behavior in question, seek to influence or change that behavior in a positive way

Basic Science: (Research) The pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake (specific findingsfrom one time and one place)

Applied Science: Usingscientific findings to accomplish practicalgoals

Psychology Relies on Observation………..Psychology Relies on Observation……….. xx

Psychology Relies on Psychology Relies on

Observation andObservation andInterpretationInterpretation

Observe the following works of art.Describe what is unusual about each

work.

What do you think the artists was trying to say to the viewer in each

work.

Rene`Rene`MagritteMagritte

““TheTheHumanHumanCondition”Condition”

OBSERVATIONOBSERVATIONPosition yourself so that you can Position yourself so that you can see into the hallway.see into the hallway.For the next 5 minutesFor the next 5 minutesrecord everything you observe. record everything you observe. (all senses) (all senses)

Avoid any value judgments orAvoid any value judgments orinferences about physical appearanceinferences about physical appearance

or behavior just observe.or behavior just observe.

Do you think psychologists canDo you think psychologists canlearn everything they need to knowlearn everything they need to knowabout people by observing onlyabout people by observing onlytheir behaviors?their behaviors?

Why or why not?Why or why not?

Journal Entry #2Journal Entry #2

Scientific Method

• In order to be credible:

psychologists must rely on the “Scientific Method” of collecting data… the use of various methods to accurately and consistently collect data….Methods which do not vary between studies

The Scientific MethodQuestion

Hypothesis

Experiment

Results

Conclusions

Theory Other psychologists testtheir theories

Chapter 1 Section 2Chapter 1 Section 2

A Brief History ofA Brief History ofPsychologyPsychology

600 B.C.

Philosophers begin to attempt to interpret the world and human perceptions

Mid 1500’s

Copernicus uses

Observation-

Earth not the center of the universe

1600’s many philosophers believed the mind and body to be separate “Duelism”

1650

Rene Descartes proposed a link between mind and body

1800’s discovery of cells (Modern Science) “Building Blocks of Life”

Periodic table of elements and understanding of atomic forces.

Hippocrates:Hippocrates:““Men ought to know that fromMen ought to know that fromThe brain and the brain only, The brain and the brain only, Arises our pleasures, joys, laughterArises our pleasures, joys, laughterAnd jests, as well as our sorrowsAnd jests, as well as our sorrowsPains, grief and tears”Pains, grief and tears”

•Which psychological pioneer wouldWhich psychological pioneer would be most likely to agree with Hippocrates?be most likely to agree with Hippocrates?

•Which would be the least likely to agree withWhich would be the least likely to agree withHippocrates?Hippocrates?

““Modern science began to Modern science began to emerge by combining Philosophers’emerge by combining Philosophers’reflections, logic and mathematicsreflections, logic and mathematicswith observations and inventiveness with observations and inventiveness of practical people.of practical people.

Subject: Psychopath Test for fun!Subject: Psychopath Test for fun!

      While at the funeral of her own mother, a woman met       While at the funeral of her own mother, a woman met

a man whom she did not know.  She thought he was a man whom she did not know.  She thought he was amazing. amazing. She believed him to be her dream partner; so much so She believed him to be her dream partner; so much so that she fell in love with him right then and there, but that she fell in love with him right then and there, but never thought to ask him for his number.  She could not never thought to ask him for his number.  She could not find him.find him.     A few days later she killed her sister.     A few days later she killed her sister.     QUESTION:  What was her motive for killing her     QUESTION:  What was her motive for killing her     Give this some thought before you answer     Give this some thought before you answer .  .  

    ANSWER;  She was hoping the guy would appear again ANSWER;  She was hoping the guy would appear again

at her sister’s funeral.at her sister’s funeral.

            If you answered this correctly, you think like aIf you answered this correctly, you think like a psychopath.  This was a test developed by a famous psychopath.  This was a test developed by a famous American psychologist, used to test if one has the same American psychologist, used to test if one has the same mentality as a killer.  Many arrested serial killers took part in mentality as a killer.  Many arrested serial killers took part in the test and answered the question correctly.the test and answered the question correctly.

      If you didn’t answer the question correctly, good       If you didn’t answer the question correctly, good for you for you. If you did answer correctly it is no guarantee that you will be . If you did answer correctly it is no guarantee that you will be a serial killer…..THIS IS JUST FOR FUN!a serial killer…..THIS IS JUST FOR FUN!

Wilhelm Wundt (late 18-early-1900’s)• Designed and developed the first Psychology

lab

• Proposed the psychological experiences had two elements: 1. sensations

2. feelings

• Used the procedure of “Introspection” to collect data

• Established Psychology as a formal field of study

Psychology- Chapter 1 Sec. 2Psychology- Chapter 1 Sec. 2

Structuralism is_________________Structuralism is_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Functionalism is_________________Functionalism is_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Provide a written definition and drawing illustrating the followingProvide a written definition and drawing illustrating the followingTerms:Terms:

Inheritable Traits in relation toInheritable Traits in relation to Psychology refers to:Psychology refers to:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Gestalt Psychology is____________Gestalt Psychology is________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Psychoanalytic Psychology isPsychoanalytic Psychology is__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Behavioral Psychology is________Behavioral Psychology is____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Humanistic Psychology is__________Humanistic Psychology is________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Cognitive Psychology is_________Cognitive Psychology is_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Biological Psychology isBiological Psychology is__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sociocultural Psychology is______Sociocultural Psychology is__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Duelism is:Duelism is:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What did Rene Descartes believe:______What did Rene Descartes believe:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Journal Entry #3:Journal Entry #3:

Some psychologists believe creativity Some psychologists believe creativity and intuition play as much of a role in and intuition play as much of a role in Psychology as hard-and-fast scientificPsychology as hard-and-fast scientificlaws. What is your position:laws. What is your position:

1.1.Psychology is an art onlyPsychology is an art only2.2.Psychology is a science onlyPsychology is a science only3.3.Psychology is a combined art and Psychology is a combined art and science.science.

Psychology as a ProfessionPsychology as a Profession

Developmental PsychologistDevelopmental Psychologist

Clinical PsychologistClinical Psychologist

Forensic PsychologistForensic Psychologist

Educational PsychologistEducational Psychologist

Developmental PsychologistDevelopmental Psychologist

Industrial PsychologistIndustrial Psychologist

Community PsychologistCommunity Psychologist

Environmental PsychologistEnvironmental Psychologist

Counseling PsychologistCounseling Psychologist

PsychiatristPsychiatrist