Chapter Notes 6-1 (Northern Europe) I. The United Kingdom (island separated by the English Channel) A.The UK includes 4 regions: England, Wales, Scotland,

Chapter Notes 6-1 (Northern Europe)

I. The United Kingdom (island separated by the English Channel)

A.The UK includes 4 regions: England, Wales, Scotland, and ________________.

B.___% live in cities. ________ is the capital and a center of business.

C. ____________ and machinery are its leading exports.

D.The UK has both a ____________ democracy and a ____________ monarchy.

E. Most are ____________ Christians and speak English.

II. The Republic of Ireland (island that is Catholic country)

A.Its called the “_______________” because its lush and green from its regular rainfall.

B.Much of the area is made up of ______ which is dug up from bogs.

N. Ireland

London

Manufacturing

90

parliamentary constitutional

Protestant

Emerald Isle

peat

C. The “________ ________” caused many Irish to migrate to the U.S

D._______ settle the island hundreds of years ago. Most speak Gaelic and ____________.

E._____________ in N. Ireland want to unite w/its southern neighbor.

F.This dispute led to __________ from the 1960’s to 1990’s. In 1998 agreement was signed to end the violence.

III._____________ (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Iceland)

A.Their standards of living are among the __________ in the world.

B.This region is made up of many landforms. Norway has _______, Denmark has forests, and Iceland (island) have __________.

C.Norway relies on oil and natural gas. Iceland uses _____________ energy, Finland uses hydroelectric power.

D.Most are constitutional monarchies and all are __________ states.

Potato

CeltsEnglish

Catholics

conflict

Scandinavia

highest

fjordsgeysers

geothermal

welfare

Famine

Chapter Notes 12-2 (Europe’s Heartland)

I. France (lies in W. Europe and has a mild climate)

A. Their farms are known for their ______________ such as wine and cheese.

B. Both traditional and ____________ industries has allowed economy to grow.

C. ___________ is part of their economy and many tourists visit the capital of __________. (10 million)

D. Most speak French and are Roman _________. Immigrants from Muslim countries has made Islam ______ largest religion.

E. Their government is a _________ headed by elected president and appointed prime ____________.

specialization

service

TourismParis

2nd Catholic

republicminister

II. Germany

A.It has plains, highlands, and ________ to the south. Danube, Elbe, and Rhine ________ are used to transport goods and materials.

B.In the early 1900’s, Germany’s attempt to control Europe led to ____ world wars.

C._____________ came about in 1990, when the 2 parts united into one under a federal ___________.

D.Germany has the _________ population in Europe and Berlin is its capital.

F.Most speak German and are ___________ or Protestant.

G.Germany is a global economic power and a leader if the ________ because of its industry.

Alps

two

Reunificationrepublic

largest

Catholic

EU

rivers

III. The Benelux Countries (have a low, flat landscape)

A. Most live in crowded cities, have _______ standard of living, and _____________ democracies w/monarchs.

B. Belgium has 3 distinct cultural regions: ____________ (Dutch-speaking), Wallonia (French-speaking), and Brussels (bilingual)

C. Netherlands means “lowlands” because _____% is below the sea. The Dutch create ____________ to drain land from the sea.

D. ____________ is the capital and largest city. (90% urban)

E. Luxembourg is one of Europe’s _____________ countries.

F. It’s the center of trade and commerce which is home to many _____________ companies. Many are mixed German and French.

parliamentary

Flanders

polders

Amsterdam

smallest

multinational

high

25

IV. Switzerland and Austria (dominated by the Alps range)

A.___________ Switzerland has practiced _________due to location.

B.Switzerland is a thriving __________ nation w/a stable democracy.

C.Switzerland has ____ national languages: ___________, French, ____________, and Romansch. Most speak more than one.

D.___________ is a landlocked country east of Switzerland. The mountains cover and provide timber and iron ore.

E.Most live in cities, speak German, and practice Roman _________.

F.The capital is Vienna, located on the ___________, and is the center of their culture

Landlocked

industrial

4

Austria

Catholic

Danube

neutrality

GermanItalian

Chapter Notes 12-3 (Southern Europe)

I. Spain and Portugal

A.Both are located on the ____________ Peninsula. Spain is made up of the ____________ Mts. and the Meseta, a dry plateau.

B._______ farming is practiced since there is a lack of rain.

C.Castilian ___________ is Spain’s official language though people of different regions speak different languages.

D.Spain’s democratic government has given these regions a great deal of ___________ (self-rule).

E.Spain’s capital is _______ and most live in cities and are Catholic.

F.___________ is a small democratic country located west of Spain.

G.Most live in small villages near the capital of _________ and fish for a living. Subsidies are used to support manufacturing.

Iberian

Pyrenees

Dry

Spanish

autonomy

Madrid

Portugal

Lisbon

II. Italy – boot-shaped peninsula center located on the Mediterranean.

A. The Alps dominate the north and the ___________ run through the center. Sicily is a main island.

B. It has an industrial economy and the _____ River Valley is rich in farming (grapes and olives).

C. 90% live in cities and __________ is the capital and once the center of the Roman Empire.

D. The ________ City, located inside of Rome, is the headquarters of the Catholic Church and is an independent country.

III. Greece – extends from the ____________ Peninsula into the Mediterranean Sea making up of 2,000 islands.

A. Farming is limited due to poor, _________ soil.(olives and wheat)

B. Greece has one of the largest ____________ fleets in the world. Tourism is also important. (Ancient Greece)

Apennines

Po

Rome

Vatican

Balkan

stony

shipping

Chapter Notes 6-4 (Eastern Europe)

I. Poland, Belarus, and the Baltic Republics

A. N. ________ Plain, Baltic Sea, and Carpathian Mts. make up Poland.

B. After WWII, the communist set up a _________ economy, but today is a __________ economy. Warsaw is the capital.

C. Belarus, former Soviet Republic has a rigid government and a command economy. Main resource is ___________.

D. The ________ Republics - Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were under the control of the Soviet Union until 1991.

E. All are ____________ and have strong economies based on dairy farming, fishing, and shipbuilding.

II. Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary

A. All three are ___________ countries and democracies today.

B. The Czech Republic and Slovakia were ________ country under communist rule.

C. The ______ have rolling hills, lowlands, and plains bordered by mts.

D. Czechs have the __________ standard of living in Eastern Europe.

E. __________, the capital, is the center of service industries, tourism, and manufacturing.

G. The ____________ Mts. cover Slovakia. Bratislava is the capital and located on the Danube R.

H. ___________ landscape is a lowland area w. fertile farmland.

I. Its capital is Budapest located on the Danube River. They are descendents of the ____________

III. Countries of Southeastern Europe

A. There are ______ countries on southeastern Europe located along the Black Sea or Balkan Peninsula.

B. Ukraine is the ______ country in Europe divided by the Dnieper R.

C. Ukraine w/its rich soil for farming has the nickname “__________ of Europe”.

D. Russians living in the Ukraine want _______ ties which have led to ethnic divisions.

E. Romania was once ruled by the __________ and its language is based on Latin spoken in ancient Rome. Bucharest is the capital.

F. Moldova is a landlocked country and is Europe’s __________.

G. __________ is a mountainous country w/ fertile river valleys.

H. Most countries on the Balkan Peninsula were once part of the Communist country called ____________.

I. In the 1990’s, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia declared their _____________.

J. Serbia wanted to keep Yugoslavia under __________ rule and as a result carried out ethnic cleansing.

K. Albania is unique that it’s the only European country w/a ___________ majority population.