chapter ii kinds of micro and macro skill skills in tasks of units ...

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CHAPTER II

KINDS OF MICRO AND MACRO SKILL SKILLS IN TASKS OF

UNITS IN LISTENING EXTRA

This chapter presents the sections that elaborate findings of the research

and discussion of research findings. In detail, this section deals with the first

question of this research, that is; “what level of micro and micro skills are in each

task of each unit in Listening Extra”. This chapter describes the analysis of data

gathered from the task in each unit.

Talking about a skill will lead to what people can do with that skill, this is

also important in measuring what students can do with that skill. Macro skills are

relevant to what can be done at a sentence level, while macro skills refer to what

can be done at a discourse level. After knowing the importance of macro and

micro skills in a listening, researcher will try to analyze the level of macro and

micro skills are in each task of each unit in Listening Extra. The result of macro

and micro skill targeted in each unit and level, will researcher explanation in point

(1.5)

Listening extra is divided into eighteen units, each focusing on a different

theme. Each unit approaches the theme from an interesting and original angle. The

themes cover many of the popular topics found in standard course book.

Therefore the activities can be used to supplement existing course material,

offering diversity and refreshing approach to these familiar themes. Each unit

offers three activities at the following levels: elementary, intermediate and upper

intermediate.

English is learnt and taught in many different contexts and in many

different class arrangements. Such differences will have a considerable effect on

how and what it is we teach. Students of EFL (English as a Foreign Language)

tend to be learning so they can use English for travelling or to communicate with

other people, from whatever country, who also speak English. People learn

English because they have moved into a target language community and they

need to be able to operate successfully within that community.

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The purposes of students have for learning will have an effect on what it

is they want and need to learn-and as a result will influence what they are taught.

The micro and micro skills provide 17 different objectives to asses in listening

based on Brown (2003: 132)

Microskills:

1) Retain chunk of language of different lengths in short –term memory

2) Discriminate among the distinctive sound of English

3) Recognize English stress patterns, word in stressed and unstressed

positions, rhythmic structure, intonation contours, and their role in

signaling information

4) Recognize reduced form of words.

5) Distinguish word boundaries, recognize a core of words, and interpret

word order patterns and their significance (use an adequate number of

lexical units (words) in order to accomplish pragmatic purposes.

6) Process speech at different rates of delivery.

7) Process speech containing pauses, errors, corrections, and other

performance variables.

8) Recognize grammatical word classes (nouns, verb, etc.), system (e.g.

tense, agreement, pluralization, etc.), patterns, rules, and elliptical

forms.

9) Detect sentence constituents and distinguish between major and minor

constituent.

10) Recognize that a particular meaning may be expressed in different

grammatical forms.

11) Recognize cohesive devices in spoken discourse.

Macroskills

12) Recognize the communicative functions of utterance, according to

situational participant, goals.

13) Infer situations, participants, goals using real word knowledge.

14) From events, ideas, and so on, described, predict outcomes, infer

links and connections between events, deduce causes and effects, and

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detect such relation as main idea, supporting idea, new information,

generalization and exemplification.

15) Distinguish between literal and implied meanings

16) Use facial, features, kinesics, body language, and other non verbal

clues to decipher meanings.

17) Develop and use a battery of listening strategies, such as detecting key

word, guessing the meaning of word from context, appealing for help,

and signaling comprehensions or lack thereof.

Researcher will investigate start from unit 1 (each unit contained 3 levels).

MI (micro) MA (macro)

By knowing the micro- and macroskills, both teachers and students will

understand the direction of the learning in the classroom. This will be guidance in

designing the objective(s) of the study in speaking classes. In turn, it will help the

class going to the right track of learning.

2.1 Unit 1

Elementary

level

1.1

Listening tasks Listening for specific information

Activity type Form filling

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI:1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

MA: 12

Intermediate

1.2

Listening task Listening for specific information

Activity type Completing students identity cards

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

MA: 12

Upper-

intermediate

1.3

Listening taskListening for detail, listening for specific

information

Activity type Ranking, taking notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

MA : 11, 12

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Unit 1.1: students are going to listen to a foreign student in the UK as she

phones a language school to enroll on an evening class, they listen to the

telephone conversation between the students and the receptionist. Emphasize that

they should note make notes, the students identify the specific information from

the conversation between the students and the receptionist, base on the

conversation (form filling) and the student activity in this section (listening for

specific information) so, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (micro

1-10) and (macro 12).

Unit 1.2: in this unit similar with the unit before, but in this section, the

students ask to completing identify card but in elementary level the student only

form filling. The students hear the conversation between several people who meet

in the kitchen of a youth hostel, they must listen to the conversation and note each

person’s first name, the student listening for the specific information from the

James, Peem, Simone And Takeyuki. Based on the student activity in the task, the

targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (micro 1-10) and (macro 12).

Unit 1.3: The students are going to do psychology test to determine their

character and personality. They must listen to some instructions and follow them.

They should explain what type of character each shape represent. In this section,

the students should identify type of character each shape represent, so base on the

activity in this section (ranking, taking notes), the targeted macro and micro skills

in this unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 MA : 11, 12)

2.2 Unit 2

Elementary

level

2.1

Listening tasksListening for the main idea, Listening for

detail

Activity typeMatching information with descriptions,

identifying key information

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI: 5

MA: 11, 14, 15

Intermediate

2.2

Listening task Listening for specific information

Activity type Completing notes

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The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,

MA: 12

Upper-

intermediate

2.3

Listening taskListening for the main idea, Listening for

specific information

Activity type Identifying errors, making inferences

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : -

MA : 13, 14, 16, 17

Unit 2.1: the students identify main idea from the conversation and listen

for details, they are going to listen to people talk about their family, they must

listen and decide which dialogue describe the family in their pictures (matching

illustration with description, identifying key information), this section the student

ask to identify the main idea, therefore the targeted macro and micro skills are

(MI: 5 MA: 11, 14, 15)

Unit 2.2: the student hear an extract from a radio phone in programmed,

three people are calling in to describe how their life change when they had a baby,

the students identify specific information and completing a notes, based on the

listening activity, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI:

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 MA: 12)

Unit 2.3: the students hear a man called James talk about an argument that

he had with his sister, Kate. The second section students hear Kate’s side of the

story, tell them to find three reasons why Kate didn’t want to look after her father,

and the end discuss word apply to James and which apply to Kate (emotional

cards). The students identifying errors then making inference, in this section

student try to determine the main idea and specific information based on the

audio. Therefore, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI:- MA:

13, 14, 16, 17)

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2.3 Unit 3

Elementary

level

3.1

Listening tasks Listening for specific information

Activity type Completing notes

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA: 12

Intermediate

3.2

Listening task Listening for specific information

Activity type Completing notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,

MA: 12

Upper-

intermediate

3.3

Listening taskListening for detail, Listening for specific

information and listening for opinion

Activity type Ordering pictures, talking notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

MA : 11, 13,

Unit 3.1: the students are going to listen to an introductory talk to a group

of student on a language course in the UK. They listen and write the name and job

title of each of three people they hear. The student should identify specific

information and then completing notes. Based on student activity, the targeted of

micro and macro skill in this section are (MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. MA: 12)

Unit 3.2: students hear an extract from a press interview with Dr. Jane

Goodall, a famous authority on chimpanzees. The students listen to get specific

information and complete the notes. Base on the students activity in this section,

the the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,

MA: 12)

Unit 3.3: student identify each activity, students are listen and number in the

order they hear the activities described. They should write a number in the box.

Students listening for detail, listening for details and listening for specific

information) Base on the students activity in this section, the macro and micro

skills targeted are (MI: MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 MA : 11, 13)

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2.4 Unit 4

Elementary

level

Listening tasksListening for detail and listening for

specific information

Activity type Matching and form filling

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA: 11, 12

Intermediate

Listening task Listening for detail

Activity type Spot the difference, taking notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI: 5

MA: 11

Upper-

intermediate

Listening task Listening for detail

Activity type Matching and completing notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 5

MA : 11

Unit 4.1: in this section, the students are going to listen to an estate agent

and complete show two foreign students around a flat they are thinking of renting.

They must listen and write the name of each room in the correct place on the floor

plan. They should listen once more, this time they must complete the form. Based

on the student activity, student identify specific information and understand

listening details from the audio, so in this listening section, the targeted of micro

and macro skills are (MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. MA: 11, 12)

Unit 4.2: the students are going to listen to a TV presenter describe a room

in a famous person’s house, Explain that the students should identify six

differences between the description of the room they are going to hear and the

pictures. They must listen carefully and circle the six differences. Based on the

student activity, the student should spot the differences and taking notes, listening

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for details from the audio, so in this listening section, the targeted of micro and

macro skills are (MI: 5 MA: 11).

Unit 4.3: The students listen to a conversation to a conversation between

an interior designer and a couple who want to change their lounge, explain they

should listen and identify which picture is the designer’s representation of the

‘ideal’ lounge they decide on, listen again and complete the notes. Based on the

student activity, the student should matching and completing notes, the students

are listening for details from the audio, so in this listening section, the targeted of

micro and macro skills are (MI: 5 MA: 11).

2.5 Unit 5

Elementary

level

Listening tasks Listening for detail

Activity type Following a route

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI: 5

MA: 11

Intermediate

Listening task Inferring meaning

Activity type Taking notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI: -

MA: 13,14

Upper-

intermediate

Listening taskListening for detail, listening for specific

information

Activity type Spot the difference, form filling

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

MA : 11, 12

Unit 5.1: the students listen as these two students go on a treasure hunt

around the town, each clue directs clues lead them to, the teacher tell that there are

five clues, and therefore five places in total. Based on the student activity, the

student should. The student must write each of the clues and following a route, the

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students are listening for details from the audio, so in this listening section, the

targeted of micro and macro skills are (MI: 5 MA: 11).

Unit 5.2: The student hears the beginning of a public meeting to discuss a

new bypass. The bypass is necessary to help solve the traffic problem in a nearby

city. Tell the students simply to listen for the name of the city and the name of the

area the bypass is to run through. The students inferring meaning activity and

taking notes based on audio. Hence, the targeted micro and macro skills in this

unit are (MI: MA: 13, 14).

Unit 5.3: the students are going to listen to an automated telephone message for a

sightseeing tour of New York, they must listen to the recording and spot any

differences between the advert and the information they hear on the recording.

The student should identify six differences between the advert and information on

the recording. And then the students listen for details and identify specific

information from the audio. Base on the students activities, in this section the

targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 MA : 11,

12)

2.6 Unit 6

Elementary

level

Listening tasksRecognizing context and listening for

specific information

Type of listening Form filling

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA: 13, 12

Intermediate

Listening task Predicting, Listening for details

Activity type Ordering pictures

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI: 5,

MA: 11, 16

Upper-

intermediate

Listening taskListening for details, listening for specific

information

Activity type Taking notes, Matching

The Macro and MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

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micro skill

targeted

MA : 11,12

Unit 6.1: the students are going to listen a conversation between three

people and they must decide where the conversation takes place, and who the

people are, give the students a copy of the Customer Complaint Form. They must

listen again and complete the form as if they are travel agent. The student

recognizing the context and listen to get specific information from the audio,

based on the student activity, the student should form filling and the student must

listen again and complete the form as if they are travel agent. So in this listening

section, the targeted of micro and macro skills are (MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. MA:

13, 12)

Unit 6.2: the student to think of some problems that may happen when

travelling by plane, such as a delayed flight, lost luggage, etc. they are going to

listen to a women talk about a terrible journey by plane, and that they must put the

pictures in the correct order. The students should be able to predicting and

listening for details. Based on the student activity, the student should ordering

picture and should be able to predicting and listening for details. So in this

listening section, the targeted of micro and macro skills are (MI: 5, MA: 11, 16)

Unit 6.3: the students are going to s a listen to a tour guide talking about

some famous ghosts from the tower of London, tell them they must listen and

write the name of each ghost in the correct pictures. The students should identify

specific information and listen for details from the audio. Based on the student

activity, the student should matching and taking notes, and then the student should

be able to get specific information and listening for details. So in this listening

section, the targeted of micro and macro skills are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA :

11,12)

2.7 Unit 7

Elementary

level

Listening tasksListening for details and listening for

specific information

Activity type Ordering completing notes

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Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA: 11, 12

Intermediate

Listening task Listening for details, inferring meaning

Activity type Making notes, true and false

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI: 5,

MA: 11, 14, 15

Upper-

intermediate

Listening taskPredicting, listening for specific

information

Activity type Taking notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 12, 16

Unit 7.1: give each student a set of six pictures. Give time to study each

pictures, and then they are going to listen to a TV chef describe how to make

mushroom risotto. They must put the six pictures in the correct order. They listen

again and complete the recipe with the missing information. Based on the student

activity, the student should ordering and completing notes, and then the student

should be able to get specific information and listening for details. So in this

listening section, the targeted of micro and macro skills are (MI:

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. MA: 11, 12)

Unit 7.2: the students are going to hear two people order food in a Thai

restaurant. Give each student a copy of the menu and the order sheet, they must

listen to the first part and complete the order sheet as if they are the waiter. The

second part , the student hear the conversation, this time they must listen and

make a note of how each person enjoyed each course, they should put tick(√) if

they enjoy the course, write OK if they felt the course was satisfactory and a

course (×) if they didn’t like the course. Based on the student activity, the student

should taking notes and true or false, and then the student should be able to

listening for details and inferring meaning from the audio. So in this listening

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section, the targeted of micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI: 5, MA: 11, 14,

15).

Unit 7.3: the student listen to radio programmed. The topic of the program

is healthy eating, and the presenter is interviewing an expert. Explain they should

listen and count how many of their healthy eating ideas from the warm up stage

they hear. Briefly review the ideas on the board once more. Based on the student

activity, the student should taking notes, and then the student should be able to

predicting and get specific information from the audio. So in this listening section,

the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA :

12, 16)

2.8 Unit 8

Elementary

level

Listening tasks Listening for specific information

Activity type Matching, taking notes

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA: 12

Intermediate

Listening task Listening for details, inferring meaning

Activity type Matching, Making inferences

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI: 5,

MA: 11, 14, 15

Upper-

intermediate

Listening task Listening for specific information

Activity type Completing notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 12.

Unit 8.1: they are going to listen to a young woman pointing out her

friends at a party write these names on the board. Susan, Kevin, Sam, Mary.

Explain to students that they must listen and write each name next to the correct

person in the picture. The students listen again and this time to write two

adjectives use to describe each person’s characters. The student should be able to

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get specific information so that matching and completing notes from the audio.

Based on the student activity, the student should matching and taking notes, the

student should be able to get specific information so that matching and completing

notes from the audio. So in this listening section, the targeted micro and macro

skills in this unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA : 12)

Unit 8.2: the students hear conversation between two women who meet

chance in the street. They comment on each other’s clothes. Give student a copy

of the four pictures. Give them time to study the different pictures, and they are

going to listen to the conversation and they must choose which picture shows the

two women. The students should be able to inferring meaning and listening for

details so that the students can match and making inferences base on the audio.

Based on the student activity, the student should match and making inference, the

student should be able to inferring meaning and listening for detail. So in this

listening section, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are the targeted

micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI: 5, MA: 11, 14, 15)

Unit 8.3: The students are going to listen to the beginning of a lecture on

the concept of beauty. They are should listen and count how many of their ideas

from the warm up stage they hear. The students should be able to get specific

information and completing notes. the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit

are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA : 12).

2.9 Unit 9

Elementary

level

Listening tasks Listening for details

Activity type Matching, taking notes

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI: 5

MA: 11

Intermediate

Listening task Listening for specific information

Activity type Completing a diagram, taking notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 12,

Upper- Listening task Listening for the main idea, listening for

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intermediate specific information

Activity type Completing notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 12, 14, 15

Unit 9.1: the students are going to listen to a woman in a department store.

They must listen to three short conversations between the women and three shop

assistants. As they listen, they must check if the illustrations on their chards match

any the descriptions hear. So in this section the students should be able to

listening for detail from the audio and matching and taking notes. So, based on the

students the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI: 5 MA: 11)

Unit 9.2: the students hear a tour guide at the Thames Barrier in London

give talk to a group of students. They must listen to the talk and label the parts on

the Barrier (boxes a-f on the diagram). The student should be able to get specific

information from the audio and then completing a diagram and taking note. Based

on the student activity, the student should a diagram and taking note, the student

should be able to get specific information from the audio. So in this listening

section, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,

10 MA : 12)

Unit 9.3: the students are going to listen to a recording from a museum

audio cassette, and that they must number the pictures in the order they hear them

referred to on the recording. Listen again and write down all the adjectives they

hear that are used to describe Pollock’s style of painting and verb used to describe

how he uses the paint. The students should be able to identify specific information

and the main idea base on the audio. So Based on the student activity, the student

should ordering pictures and taking notes, the student should be able to get main

idea from the audio. So in this listening section, the targeted micro and macro

skills in this unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA : 12, 14, 15)

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2.10 Unit 10

Elementary

level

Listening tasksListening for specific information, Listening

for details

Activity type From filling, identifying pros and cons

Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 11, 12,

Intermediate

Listening taskListening for the main idea, recognizing

context

Activity type True and false

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 13, 14, 15

Upper-

intermediate

Listening task Identifying emotion, inferring meaning

Activity type Matching

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : -

MA : 14, 15, 17

Unit 10.1: the students are going to listen to a young woman complete the

form with a friend. They must listen and complete the form with the information

they hear. And the second part the students listen as Judith and her friend Sarah

discuss two men who are possible matches, identify four advantages and two

disadvantages they hear the women mention. The students should be able to get

specific information and listening for details to identifying pros and cons. So,

based on the student activity, the student should answer form filling and should be

able to identifying pros and cons base on the women said. So in this section, the

targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. MA: 11,

12)

Unit 10.2: The students hear a young Indian woman called Indian talk

about her marriage plans for the future, they listen to the if the recording and

decide statements on their cards. In the second part, they must identify statement

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are true and the false statements and. The students should determine the main idea

and recognizing context base on the task. Based on the student activity, the

student should identify true and false the card. So in this section, the targeted

micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. MA: 13, 14, 15).

Unit 10.3: The students listen to a telephone conversation between two

friends, Sophie and. Elaine. Read through the adjectives at the bottom of the

sheet. The students must listen to the conversation and match each adjective with

the person they think it most closely relates to, they should write S (Sophie) or E

(Elaine) next to adjective. And the last the student should be able to identify

emotional each person. Therefore, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit

are: (MI: - MA: 14, 15, 17)

2.11 Unit 11

Elementary

level

Listening tasksRecognizing context, Listening for specific

information

Activity type Spot the difference

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 11, 13

Intermediate

Listening task Listening for the main idea

Activity type Ordering pictures

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : -

MA :14, 15

Upper-

intermediate

Listening task Listening for specific information

Activity type Writing question, noting answers

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI :1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 12

Unit 11.1: the students listen to a conversation between two people and

they must decide where the conversation takes place, and who people are. They

must listen and spot any differences between the information on the sheet and

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what they hear on the recording. The student should be able to recognizing

context and get specific information from the audio. Base on the student activity

the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are: (MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. MA:

11, 13).

Unit 11.2: the students hear some time to study the pictures and predict the

order. Ask students to repeat the story with their partner using the pictures as a

guide. In this section, the students should be able to determine a main idea and

ordering pictures. So, the macro and micro skill which appropriate in this section

are (MI: - MA: 14, 15).

Unit 11.3: the students are going to listen to two friends complete a health

and fitness quiz. n They should first listen and write the questions. Put students

into pairs, telling one to write all the even-numbered questions and the other to

write all the odd-numbered questions. And the second part the students are going

to listen once more. They must make a note of Bob’s answers that Julie puts on

the form. In this section student should be able to get specific information and

then the students can writing questions and noting answers base on the audio. So,

the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI :1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. MA:

12)

2.12 Unit 12

Elementary

level

Listening tasksRecognizing context, Listening for specific

information

Activity type Taking notes

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 11,12,13

Intermediate

Listening task Recognizing context, Listening for details

Activity type Strange things people collect

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 5

MA :11, 13

Upper-

intermediateListening task

Recognizing context, Listening for specific

information

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Activity type Completing information on posters

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 12, 13

Unit 12.1: the students are going to details of how people in Japan like a

spend their free time. Ask students what kind of free time activities they think are

popular in Japan. Write their ideas on the board and listen and see if any of their

ideas are mentioned. They must write each free time activity they hear in the

correct place on the table. The students should be able to predicting, recognizing

context and get specific information from the audio. Hence, in this section the

targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are: (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA :

11, 12, 13)

Unit 12.2: the students hear someone talking about their unusual collection

dictate the following questions for students to write in their notebooks, they are

going to listen again and they must identify which of the tree things Jennifer

Wilson collect. The students should be able to recognizing context and listening

for detail in each the task. Base on the student activity, the targeted micro and

macro skills in this unit are (MI: 5 MA: 11, 13)

Unit 12.3: the students are going to listen to information about two films,

and they are listening audio and identify where they might hear the information,

and what genre each film is play both parts of the recording. In this section, the

student should be able to recognizing context and get specific information from

the audio. Base on the student activity completing information on poster and

listening focus to recognizing context and try to specific information from the

audio, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,

10. MA: 12, 13)

46

2.13. Unit 13

Elementary

level

Listening tasksRecognizing context, Listening for specific

information

Activity type Jigsaw listening

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 12, 13

Intermediate

Listening task Listening for details

Activity type Matching

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 5

MA :11

Upper-

intermediate

Listening taskPredicting, listening for details, inferring

meaning

Activity type Answering questions

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 5

MA : 11, 13, 14, 16

Unit 13.1: the students are going to listen two people talk about the

evening classes they attend at a local college. Dictate the following questions for

to write in their notebook. Put students a copy of Lucy’s survey form and James’

survey form. They are going to listen again and they must fill in the required

details on the survey form from the person they have. In this section students

should be able to identify specific information and try to recognizing context.

Based on the students activity, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are:

(MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10. MA: 12, 13)

Unit 13.2: the students hear a woman recall her first day at infant school.

Tell them to listen and put the phrases in the order in which the women talks

about them. The students should be able to listening for detail and matching.

Based on the student activity, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are

(MI: 5 and MA: 11).

47

Unit 13.3: the students are going to two parents talk about their decision to

educate their child, Simone at the home. They should listen to see if they hear any

of their form the first part of the warm up section. The students hear Simon give

his opinion of home schooling. Ask students to raise their hands if they think

Simon like being educated at home. In this section student should be able to

predicting and inferring meaning the goals of the audio. So base on student

activity the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI: 5 MA: 11, 13, 14,

16)

2.14. Unit 14

Elementary

level

Listening tasks Listening for specific information

Activity type Form filling

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 12

Intermediate

Listening task Listening for details

Activity type Ordering, taking notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 5

MA :11

Upper-

intermediate

Listening taskListening for details, Listening for specific

information

Activity type Completing a diagram

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 11, 12,

Unit 14.1: The students are going to listen to an interview between a

restaurant manager and a student, and the student listen the conversation.

Emphasize that they should not make notes but just listen. And the second, the

students listen again and time to complete the form as if they are the interviewer

can remember. The student complete the form any details they can remember. In

this section, the students should be able to determine specific information from

48

the audio. So base on student activity the targeted micro and macro skills in this

unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA : 12)

Unit 14.2: The students are going to listen to a man talk about his job, and

that they must put the pictures in the order he talks about each activity. And the

next the students listen again and note down the reason why the man dislikes each

activity. In this section the student should be able to listening for details, because

base on the instruction, the students should ordering and making a notes. So base

on the student activity, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI: 5

MA: 11)

Unit 14.3: The students are going to hear a television interview with a

manager in a factory that has recently employed a Feng Shui expert to re-design

its building. They must listen to the recording and write each element the man

mentions on the straight lines. The first one, water, has been done for them. The

second students listen again and, explain that in the circle next to each element

they should write the qualities it represents. Tell students the man mentions two

qualities for each element. In this section students should be able to listening for

detail and listening to get specific information from the audio and the student can

follow the instruction, base on this unit, the student complete a diagram. Base on

the student activity, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI:

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. MA: 11, 12).

Unit 15

Elementary

level

Listening tasksListening for details, Listening for specific

information

Activity type Ordering, taking notes

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 11, 12

Intermediate

Listening taskRecognizing context, listening for specific

information

Activity type Form filling, taking notes,

The Macro and

micro skill

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 12, 13

49

targeted

Upper-

intermediate

Listening taskListening for details, Listening for specific

information

Activity type Talking notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 11, 12,

Unit 15.1: the first the student are going to listen a conversation between

two students. One of the students, Brain, is talking about his monthly expenses,

and then the students should listen and count how many different categories (food,

clothes, etc.) he mentions. In the second part, the student should identify each

categories in the order they hear them mentioned on the recording. Base on the

students activity, the students are listening for detail and listening for specific

information. So, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI :

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA : 11, 12)

Unit 15.2: the first activity, the students are going to listen to a seminar.

Dictate the following questions for students to write in their notebooks. The

second the student listen again and they must fill in the missing information. In

this section, the students should be able to determine specific information and

recognize the context. Base on the activity, the targeted micro and macro skills in

this unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA : 12, 13)

Unit 15.3: the first activity, the students are going to listen to two couples

arguing about wasting money. Tell them to listen for each person’s name and

what they wasted their money on. And the second complete the missing name,

and the third the students can remember why each person didn’t use the item they

bought. In this section, the students should be able to determine the specific

information and the details of the information. Base on the activity, the targeted

micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 MA : 11, 12)

50

2.16 Unit 16

Elementary

level

Listening tasks Listening for details, predicting

Activity type Ordering,

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI : 5

MA : 11, 16

Intermediate

Listening taskRecognizing context, listening for specific

information

Activity type Jigsaw listening

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 11, 12,13

Upper-

intermediate

Listening taskListening for details, Listening for specific

information

Activity type Ordering, Talking notes, identifying errors

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 11, 12,

Unit 16.1: the first activity, the students are going to listen a man telling a

story of a bad travel experience they should not make note, but just listen, and the

second the student listen again and that they must put the pictures in the correct

order. In this section, students should be able to predict the information and order

a picture. The targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI: 5 MA: 11, 16)

Unit 16.2: the students are going to listen a conversation between two

friends. Dictate the following questions for students to writer in their notebook.

The second the students listen again and they must answer their sheet. In this

section, the students should be able to recognize the context and determine

specific information from the audio, so the targeted micro and macro skills in this

unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA 11,12,13)

Unit 16.3: they are going to listen to five short monologue and that they

must number the pictures in the order they hear them. And the second, students

should listen and try to find once difference between the difference between the

51

information they hear on the recording and each pictures. In this section, the

students should order a picture and get specific information from the audio. Base

on the listening activity, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI :

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 MA: 11, 12)

2.17. Unit 17

Elementary

level

Listening tasksListening for details, listening for specific

information

Activity type Matching, taking notes

Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 11, 12

Intermediate

Listening taskListening for details, listening for specific

information

Activity typeCompleting a poster, completing for specific

information

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 11, 12

Upper-

intermediate

Listening taskRecognizing context, Listening for specific

information

Activity type Completing presentation slide

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 12,13

Unit 17.1: the students listen to the audio and they must identify the

correct picture from what they hear, the second. In this section, the students are

matching and taking notes and students should be able to get specific information

and listening for detail. Based on the activity, the targeted micro and macro skills

in this unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA : 11, 12)

52

Unit 17.2: the student listen a formal debate about debate. They must listen

to the debate and complete the missing information in the poster. In this section,

the students are completing a poster and completing notes. The students should be

able to get specific information and listen for details, based on the section, the

targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA :

11, 12)

Unit 17.3: the students are going to listen to a presentation on the future of

the motor car, they should listen and see if any of their ideas on the board from the

warm up activity, and the last the student listen and compete the missing titles

information. In this section, the students are predicting and recognizing for

specific information. So, base on the task activity, the targeted micro and macro

skills in this unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 MA: 12,13)

2.18. Unit 18

Elementary

level

Listening tasksListening for details, listening for specific

information

Activity type Completing a leaflet

Macro and micro

skill targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 11, 12

Intermediate

Listening taskRecognizing context, Listening for specific

information

Activity type Form filling, completing notes

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 11, 12

Upper-

intermediate

Listening taskRecognizing context, Listening for specific

information

Activity type Ordering

The Macro and

micro skill

targeted

MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10

MA : 12,13

53

Unit 18.1: the students are going to listen to two people talking about

recycling in their neighborhood. The students should be able to listen for specific

information and listen for details. In this section, the students are completing a

leaflet. Base on the task activity the targeted macro and micro skills are (MI :

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 MA : 11, 12)

Unit 18.2: the students are going to a brief a conversation between two

people. The students should be able to recognize the context and listen for specific

information. They are to form filling and competing a notes. Base on the task

activity, the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI:

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 MA : 11, 12)

Unit 18.3: the students are going to listen to a conversation between two

people. And they must number the statements in the order they hear them. In this

section, the students are ordering. And the end the student should be able to

recognize of the context listen to specific information. Base on the task activity,

the targeted micro and macro skills in this unit are (MI : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10. MA:

12, 13)

Therefore, base on the first research question about the task sufficiency of

each units in “Listening Extra” based on macro and micro skills for teaching EFL

listening, the task in each unit has differences macro and micro skills depend on

the listening activity in the task. The listening activity determines the micro and

micro skills base on the types of the question.

The approaches of teaching listening have contributions of those

perspectives to the nature of teaching listening. The micro and macroskills of

listening comprehension are also have been highlighted. This is intended to

provide a guidance to lead students to master listening skill. The purposes of

listening tasks have also been talked about. Students need to choose what

information that they need. It is the basis of the importance of knowing the

purposes of a listening task, whether it is listening for specific information,

listening for details, listening for the main idea, listening for opinions, inferring

meaning, recognizing context, predicting, or identifying emotion.

Diverging tasks in listening activities is important in teaching listening.

The purpose of the listening, together with the micro- and macroskills of listening

54

comprehension help teachers to determine what tasks should be given to the

students in listening classes. Different tasks should be given to aim at different

purposes.