Chapter Five- Section Five Parliament Limits the English Monarchy.

Chapter Five- Section Chapter Five- Section FiveFive

Parliament Limits Parliament Limits the English the English MonarchyMonarchy

The Earliest Political The Earliest Political Cartoons = Nursery RhymesCartoons = Nursery RhymesAt one time, it was quite dangerous to criticize the At one time, it was quite dangerous to criticize the government. An offended king or queen would have your government. An offended king or queen would have your head removed from your shoulders. There was no freedom of head removed from your shoulders. There was no freedom of speech, so those who did have complaints often hid them in speech, so those who did have complaints often hid them in happy little rhymes. The adults wouldhappy little rhymes. The adults wouldmake up silly little stories, using common people and common make up silly little stories, using common people and common daily things, but those people and things stood for the daily things, but those people and things stood for the nonsense thatnonsense thatwas going on at court. It was the only safe way to poke fun at was going on at court. It was the only safe way to poke fun at the nobles. Those rhymes still exist today, but for the most the nobles. Those rhymes still exist today, but for the most part, we’vepart, we’veforgotten their beginnings. forgotten their beginnings.

Let’s look at a few….Let’s look at a few….

The Earliest Political The Earliest Political Cartoons = Nursery RhymesCartoons = Nursery Rhymes

Georgie Porgie pudding and Georgie Porgie pudding and piepie

Kissed the girls and made Kissed the girls and made them cry.them cry.

When the boys came out to When the boys came out to playplay

Georgie Porgie ran away.Georgie Porgie ran away.


Georgie Porgie is believed to be about George Villiers, Georgie Porgie is believed to be about George Villiers, ananEnglish duke who lived in the early 1600s. He was English duke who lived in the early 1600s. He was quitequiteattractive and had very few morals, so he was always attractive and had very few morals, so he was always gettinggettinginto romantic trouble. The common people loved to into romantic trouble. The common people loved to make fun of the nobles who couldn’t remember to make fun of the nobles who couldn’t remember to whom they were married.whom they were married.

We still do that today, don’t we?We still do that today, don’t we?


Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.Humpty Dumpty had a great Humpty Dumpty had a great

fall.fall.All the king’s horses and all All the king’s horses and all

the king’s menthe king’s menCouldn’t put Humpty together Couldn’t put Humpty together

again.again.


Humpty wasn’t an egg as is usually pictured, Humpty wasn’t an egg as is usually pictured, but a cannonbut a cannonused in an English civil war in 1648. The used in an English civil war in 1648. The cannon was perchedcannon was perchedon a wall, but the wall crumbled under fire and on a wall, but the wall crumbled under fire and the greatlythe greatlyfeared weapon broke. The “king’s men,” or the feared weapon broke. The “king’s men,” or the people loyal to the crown, lost that battle due people loyal to the crown, lost that battle due to the loss of the cannon called Humpty to the loss of the cannon called Humpty Dumpty.Dumpty.


Little Jack Horner sat in a Little Jack Horner sat in a cornercorner

eating his Christmas pie.eating his Christmas pie.He stuck in his thumb and He stuck in his thumb and

pulled outpulled outa plum and said, “What a a plum and said, “What a

good boy am I.”good boy am I.”

The Earliest Political The Earliest Political Cartoons = Nursery RhymesCartoons = Nursery RhymesIn the 1530s, King Henry VIII, who had left the Roman In the 1530s, King Henry VIII, who had left the Roman Catholic Church, started breaking up the great Catholic Church, started breaking up the great monasteries of England and taking their land and riches. monasteries of England and taking their land and riches. One monastery tried to bribe the king by sending him One monastery tried to bribe the king by sending him paperwork that gave him the titles to 12 large castles paperwork that gave him the titles to 12 large castles and pieces of land. The paperwork was hidden inside a and pieces of land. The paperwork was hidden inside a pie. That was normal at the time because thieves were pie. That was normal at the time because thieves were everywhere on the roads. The messenger was named everywhere on the roads. The messenger was named Richard Whiting, not Jack Horner, but it is believed he Richard Whiting, not Jack Horner, but it is believed he stole the title to the best piece of land. The monastery stole the title to the best piece of land. The monastery was eventually destroyed,was eventually destroyed,but that one piece of land was never retrieved, and but that one piece of land was never retrieved, and RichardRichardWhiting was never caught. He was a “good boy.”Whiting was never caught. He was a “good boy.”


Mary, Mary quite contraryMary, Mary quite contraryHow does your garden grow?How does your garden grow?

With silver bells and With silver bells and cockleshellscockleshells

And pretty maids in a row.And pretty maids in a row.

The Earliest Political The Earliest Political Cartoons = Nursery RhymesCartoons = Nursery RhymesThis one refers to Bloody Mary, the daughter This one refers to Bloody Mary, the daughter of Henry VIII. She wanted to return England to of Henry VIII. She wanted to return England to the Roman Catholic Church and she had the Roman Catholic Church and she had anyone who disagreed tortured or killed. The anyone who disagreed tortured or killed. The garden in the rhyme is really a graveyard. garden in the rhyme is really a graveyard. Silver bell was a nickname for a thumbscrew. Silver bell was a nickname for a thumbscrew. Cockleshells were also an instrument of Cockleshells were also an instrument of torture, but they were connected a bit lower torture, but they were connected a bit lower than the thumb. A guillotine was commonly than the thumb. A guillotine was commonly known as “the maid.”known as “the maid.”

The Earliest Political The Earliest Political Cartoons = Nursery RhymesCartoons = Nursery RhymesFollowing are elements necessary for a good, old-Following are elements necessary for a good, old-fashionedfashionednursery rhyme:nursery rhyme:

> it talks about a bit of history> it talks about a bit of history> it turns major players into common folk> it turns major players into common folk> the evilness or stupidity of subject’s actions are > the evilness or stupidity of subject’s actions are hidden but still understandable in a story that hidden but still understandable in a story that

doesn’t doesn’t seem as awful as what is really happeningseem as awful as what is really happening

> it possesses a happy rhythm and rhyme that makes > it possesses a happy rhythm and rhyme that makes the story easy to rememberthe story easy to remember

> it includes a fun children’s picture that helps hide > it includes a fun children’s picture that helps hide the the truthtruth

Absolutism Absolutism ObjectiveObjective

Summarize the Summarize the development of absolute development of absolute

and constitutional and constitutional monarchies in Europe monarchies in Europe

from 1500 to 1800from 1500 to 1800

Chapters In BriefChapters In BriefWhen Queen Elizabeth died, her cousin James, King of When Queen Elizabeth died, her cousin James, King of Scotland, became king of England. James fought with Scotland, became king of England. James fought with Parliament over money. His religious policies also angered Parliament over money. His religious policies also angered the Puritans in Parliament. They wanted to reform the the Puritans in Parliament. They wanted to reform the English church to rid it of Catholic practices. James was English church to rid it of Catholic practices. James was unwilling to make these changes.unwilling to make these changes.

His son, Charles I, continued the tension between king and His son, Charles I, continued the tension between king and Parliament. Parliament forced him to sign a Petition of Right Parliament. Parliament forced him to sign a Petition of Right in 1628. by signing, Charles allowed that the king was in 1628. by signing, Charles allowed that the king was answerable to Parliament. Then he dissolved the Parliament answerable to Parliament. Then he dissolved the Parliament and tried to raise money without it – going directly against and tried to raise money without it – going directly against the Petition of Right.the Petition of Right.

Other actions of Charles had caused Scotland to threaten to Other actions of Charles had caused Scotland to threaten to invade England. To meet the danger, Charles needed some invade England. To meet the danger, Charles needed some money, and to raise taxes he needed Parliament. When money, and to raise taxes he needed Parliament. When Charles called a new Charles called a new

Chapters In BriefChapters In Brief

Parliament, it quickly passed laws to limit his power. Parliament, it quickly passed laws to limit his power. Charles responded by trying to arrest its leaders. Soon Charles responded by trying to arrest its leaders. Soon England was plunged into a civil war: Charles and his England was plunged into a civil war: Charles and his Royalists against the supporters of parliament, many of Royalists against the supporters of parliament, many of whom were Puritans.whom were Puritans.

The English Civil War lasted from 1642 to 1649. Under The English Civil War lasted from 1642 to 1649. Under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell, the forces of the the leadership of Oliver Cromwell, the forces of the Puritans won. They tried and executed Charles for Puritans won. They tried and executed Charles for treason – the first time a king had ever been executed in treason – the first time a king had ever been executed in public. Cromwell became a military dictator, ruling until public. Cromwell became a military dictator, ruling until 1658. He crushed a rebellion in Ireland and tried to 1658. He crushed a rebellion in Ireland and tried to reform society at home. Soon after his death, though, the reform society at home. Soon after his death, though, the government collapsed. The new Parliament asked government collapsed. The new Parliament asked Charles’s older son to restore the monarch. Charles II Charles’s older son to restore the monarch. Charles II began to rule in 1660.began to rule in 1660.

Chapters In BriefChapters In Brief

Charles II’s reign was a period of calm after turmoil. Charles II’s reign was a period of calm after turmoil. After his death in 1685, James II became king. His pro-After his death in 1685, James II became king. His pro-Catholic policies angered and worried the English, who Catholic policies angered and worried the English, who feared that he would restore Catholicism. Finally, in feared that he would restore Catholicism. Finally, in 1688, seven members of Parliament contacted James’s 1688, seven members of Parliament contacted James’s older daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of older daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange, prince of the Netherlands – both Protestants. Orange, prince of the Netherlands – both Protestants. They wanted them to replace James II on the throne. They wanted them to replace James II on the throne. The event was called the Glorious Revolution, a The event was called the Glorious Revolution, a bloodless revolution that forced James to flee to France. bloodless revolution that forced James to flee to France. William and Mary agreed, swearing to rule according William and Mary agreed, swearing to rule according to the laws made by Parliament. They agreed to to the laws made by Parliament. They agreed to accept the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed English accept the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed English people certain rights. From then on, no king or queen people certain rights. From then on, no king or queen could rule England without the consent of Parliament.could rule England without the consent of Parliament.

Review Review

of of

English English

MonarchsMonarchs

Henry VIII (1509 - Henry VIII (1509 - 1547)1547)

Act of SupremacyAct of Supremacy 6 Wives6 Wives

““Divorced, beheaded, Divorced, beheaded, died, died,

divorced, beheaded, divorced, beheaded, survived”survived”

1.1. Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon2.2. Anne BoelynAnne Boelyn3.3. Jane SeymourJane Seymour4.4. Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves5.5. Catherine HowardCatherine Howard6.6. Catherine ParrCatherine Parr

Henry VIII (1509 – Henry VIII (1509 – 1547) 1547)

broke economic, spiritual and political ties broke economic, spiritual and political ties with the Catholic Churchwith the Catholic Church

built Royal Navybuilt Royal Navy consulted with Parliament often when in consulted with Parliament often when in

need of, and Parliament passed new taxesneed of, and Parliament passed new taxes avid gambler, dice player, and athlete avid gambler, dice player, and athlete

(tennis, jousting, hunting)musician, (tennis, jousting, hunting)musician, author ,and poetauthor ,and poet

died of obesity, ulcerations, possibly Type II died of obesity, ulcerations, possibly Type II diabetesdiabetes

Edward VI (1547 – Edward VI (1547 – 1553)1553)

Regency CouncilRegency Council young and weakyoung and weak abolished clerical abolished clerical

celibacy and mass celibacy and mass to firmly establish to firmly establish ProtestantismProtestantism

economic and economic and social unrestsocial unrest

died at age 15died at age 15

Mary I (Bloody Mary)Mary I (Bloody Mary)1553 - 15581553 - 1558

CatholicCatholic married to Philip IImarried to Philip II burned Protestantsburned Protestants mother is Catherine mother is Catherine

of Aragonof Aragon trade sufferedtrade suffered drawn in to many drawn in to many

Spanish warsSpanish wars lost Calais to Frenchlost Calais to French

Elizabeth (1558 – Elizabeth (1558 – 1603)1603)

virgin Queenvirgin Queen established Anglican established Anglican

ChurchChurch refused Philip IIrefused Philip II did not outlaw piracy of did not outlaw piracy of

Spanish shipsSpanish ships defeated Spanish Armadadefeated Spanish Armada executed Mary Queen of executed Mary Queen of

Scots (cousin)Scots (cousin) controlled but consulted controlled but consulted

with Parliamentwith Parliament no Heirno Heir

Setting the Stage…Setting the Stage… during her reign, Queen Elizabeth I of England during her reign, Queen Elizabeth I of England

had frequent conflicts with Parliamenthad frequent conflicts with Parliament many of the arguments were over money $$$$many of the arguments were over money $$$$ treasury did not have enough funds to pay the treasury did not have enough funds to pay the

queen’s expensesqueen’s expenses Elizabeth I died in 1609 and left a huge debt for Elizabeth I died in 1609 and left a huge debt for

her successor to deal withher successor to deal with Parliament’s financial power was one obstacle to Parliament’s financial power was one obstacle to

English rulers’ becoming absolute monarchsEnglish rulers’ becoming absolute monarchs the struggle between Parliament and the the struggle between Parliament and the

monarchy would have serious consequences for monarchy would have serious consequences for EnglandEngland

Monarchs Defy ParliamentMonarchs Defy Parliament

James IJames I Elizabeth had no children – nearest relative Elizabeth had no children – nearest relative

was her cousin James Stuart (already King of was her cousin James Stuart (already King of Scotland)Scotland)

1603 - King James I of England 1603 - King James I of England Scotland and England united under Scotland and England united under one crown = shared a rulerone crown = shared a ruler James I wanted absolute power whenJames I wanted absolute power when

he inherited the throne fromhe inherited the throne from Queen ElizabethQueen Elizabeth

believes in divine right – will not believes in divine right – will not share powershare power always conflict between the royalty always conflict between the royalty and parliament over moneyand parliament over money

James IJames I (continued)(continued)

Royalty wants money for royal courtRoyalty wants money for royal court

and foreign warsand foreign wars

he annoyed people because hehe annoyed people because he

refused Puritan reforms refused Puritan reforms get rid of Catholic practices get rid of Catholic practices

known for the Puritan known for the Puritan

translation - King James Bibletranslation - King James Bible

Charles ICharles I 1625: James I dies1625: James I dies

his son, Charles I, gets the thronehis son, Charles I, gets the throne

always needed money for waralways needed money for war

with both Spain and Francewith both Spain and France

when parliament denied money when parliament denied money requests, he dissolved parliamentrequests, he dissolved parliament

Charles I Charles I (continued)(continued)

1628 - parliament gets back together and 1628 - parliament gets back together and asks Charles to sign the asks Charles to sign the Petition of RightPetition of Right No imprisonment without due causeNo imprisonment without due cause No taxation without parliament’s consentNo taxation without parliament’s consent No putting soldiers in private homesNo putting soldiers in private homes No martial law during peacetimeNo martial law during peacetime

Petition of Right set forth the idea that law Petition of Right set forth the idea that law was higher than the kingwas higher than the king

Charles I signed the petition and then Charles I signed the petition and then ignored it ignored it

1629 - dissolved parliament again and 1629 - dissolved parliament again and levied taxes on the people to get moneylevied taxes on the people to get money

English Civil WarEnglish Civil War

History Frame Individual ActivityHistory Frame Individual Activity

Read page 181 in textbookRead page 181 in textbook Fill out History Frame OrganizerFill out History Frame Organizer

Keep for your records – test Keep for your records – test questionsquestions

will come from it will come from it

History Frame - History Frame - AnswersAnswers TitleTitle: : English Civil WarEnglish Civil War

Participants / Key PlayersParticipants / Key Players: : King Charles IKing Charles I Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell ParliamentParliament Citizens of EnglandCitizens of England

Problem or GoalProblem or Goal: : Parliament limits royal powers / Parliament limits royal powers / civil warcivil war

When and WhereWhen and Where: : 1642 to 1649 in England1642 to 1649 in England

History Frame - History Frame - AnswersAnswers

Key Episodes of EventsKey Episodes of Events: : 1642 – Charles tried to arrest Parliament’s leaders1642 – Charles tried to arrest Parliament’s leaders 1644 – Puritans find a winning general (Oliver 1644 – Puritans find a winning general (Oliver

Cromwell)Cromwell) 1647 – Cromwell held king as prisoner1647 – Cromwell held king as prisoner 1649 – Charles brought to trial for treason & be-headed1649 – Charles brought to trial for treason & be-headed 1649 – Cromwell in power and abolishes the monarchy 1649 – Cromwell in power and abolishes the monarchy

and and

the House of Lordsthe House of Lords 1649 – Cromwell put down a rebellion in Ireland1649 – Cromwell put down a rebellion in Ireland 1653 – Cromwell creates written constitution, tears it 1653 – Cromwell creates written constitution, tears it

up, up,

and becomes a military dictator and becomes a military dictator

History Frame - History Frame - AnswersAnswers

Resolution or OutcomeResolution or Outcome: : Cromwell and the Puritans reformed Cromwell and the Puritans reformed

society society making laws that promoted Puritan morality making laws that promoted Puritan morality abolished activities they found sinful abolished activities they found sinful

(theatre, sporting events, dancing) (theatre, sporting events, dancing)

Theme / Lesson / So what?Theme / Lesson / So what? Answers will vary – what did you learn?Answers will vary – what did you learn?

English Civil WarEnglish Civil War Charles I ruled over Scotland AND Charles I ruled over Scotland AND

EnglandEngland there were several religionsthere were several religions Charles I wanted ONE religion Charles I wanted ONE religion the Scots threatened Charles with a the Scots threatened Charles with a

rebellion and civil warrebellion and civil war war cost money - Charles needed war cost money - Charles needed

ParliamentParliament Parliament did not like him and Parliament did not like him and

wanted to limit his powerwanted to limit his power Supporters of Charles I = RoyalistsSupporters of Charles I = Royalists The opposition supports Parliament The opposition supports Parliament

= Roundheads= Roundheads

More English Civil WarMore English Civil War

under leadership of under leadership of Oliver Cromwell, the Oliver Cromwell, the Puritan roundheads Puritan roundheads finally won (1646)finally won (1646)

took Charles I took Charles I hostage, tried him in hostage, tried him in front of the public, front of the public, and executed himand executed him

the decapitation the decapitation

Oliver Cromwell (1649 – Oliver Cromwell (1649 – 1661)1661)

1649 - he got rid of the monarchy 1649 - he got rid of the monarchy and established a republican form of and established a republican form of governmentgovernment

sent most of Parliament homesent most of Parliament home established a military dictatorship established a military dictatorship

Ireland, under English rule, revolted Ireland, under English rule, revolted against Cromwell and failedagainst Cromwell and failed

Puritan MoralityPuritan Morality

Cromwell and the Puritans sought to Cromwell and the Puritans sought to reform societyreform society wanted to improve England’s moralitywanted to improve England’s morality abolished all “sinful” things (theater, abolished all “sinful” things (theater,

sporting events, dancing)sporting events, dancing)

Cromwell was tolerant of other Cromwell was tolerant of other religions despite his deep Puritan belief religions despite his deep Puritan belief EXCEPTEXCEPT Catholics Catholics

Charles II (1661 – 1685)Charles II (1661 – 1685) 1658 – Oliver Cromwell dies 1658 – Oliver Cromwell dies

English ask the oldest son of English ask the oldest son of Charles I to rule EnglandCharles I to rule England

1661 – Charles II begins reign1661 – Charles II begins reign

restored the monarch = restorationrestored the monarch = restoration

allowed the return of theater and sportsallowed the return of theater and sports

Restoration and Restoration and RevolutionRevolution

Parliament passed important guarantee of Parliament passed important guarantee of freedom = Habeas Corpusfreedom = Habeas Corpus ““to have the body”to have the body” people need to know why they’re arrestedpeople need to know why they’re arrested could not be held indefinitely without trialcould not be held indefinitely without trial

Restoration and RevolutionRestoration and Revolution Charles has no heir; brother is JamesCharles has no heir; brother is James 1685 Charles II died1685 Charles II died James II inherited the throneJames II inherited the throne Whigs opposed / Tories supportedWhigs opposed / Tories supported

The first two political parties in England The first two political parties in England were the Whigs and Tories were the Whigs and Tories

nobody liked James IInobody liked James II he was flamboyantly Catholiche was flamboyantly Catholic gave his Catholic friends good jobsgave his Catholic friends good jobs

James II (1685 – 1689)James II (1685 – 1689) 1688 – James’s second wife gave 1688 – James’s second wife gave

birth to a son; English Protestants birth to a son; English Protestants became terrified at the prospect of became terrified at the prospect of Catholic kingsCatholic kings

James’s daughter, Mary, was James’s daughter, Mary, was ProtestantProtestant

James II was peacefully overthrown James II was peacefully overthrown by his own daughter (Mary) and her by his own daughter (Mary) and her husband (William of Orange – husband (William of Orange – prince of the Netherlands prince of the Netherlands

Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution: : bloodless bloodless

overthrow overthrow of of

King James King James IIII

Limits on Monarch’s Limits on Monarch’s PowerPower

William and Mary become rulers William and Mary become rulers William and Mary recognize Parliament William and Mary recognize Parliament

as their partner in governing as their partner in governing create a constitutional monarchycreate a constitutional monarchy

** Constitutional Monarchy** Constitutional Monarchy: : laws limited laws limited the ruler’s the ruler’s

power **power **

1689 - Bill of Rights (make clear limits of royal power)1689 - Bill of Rights (make clear limits of royal power) No stopping Parliament’s lawsNo stopping Parliament’s laws No taxes without Parliament’s consentNo taxes without Parliament’s consent Freedom of speech in ParliamentFreedom of speech in Parliament No penalty for complaining about the KingNo penalty for complaining about the King

William and Mary (1689 – William and Mary (1689 – 1702)1702)

** William and Mary were the rulers that ** William and Mary were the rulers that came to power under the agreement came to power under the agreement that they will rule as a constitutional that they will rule as a constitutional monarchs by following the English Bill monarchs by following the English Bill of Rights **of Rights **

Cabinet System DevelopsCabinet System Develops

established a cabinetestablished a cabinet cabinet was a link between the majority cabinet was a link between the majority

party in Parliament and the Kingparty in Parliament and the King became center of power and became center of power and

policymakingpolicymaking still exists todaystill exists today leader of cabinet = Prime Ministerleader of cabinet = Prime Minister

AdditionalAdditional

English English

MonarchsMonarchs

Anne StuartAnne Stuart1702-17141702-1714

inherited throne inherited throne when William passedwhen William passed

sister-in-law to sister-in-law to William William

Act of Union Act of Union Scotland and England Scotland and England

united as Great united as Great BritainBritain

cabinet formed cabinet formed

George I (1714 – 1727)George I (1714 – 1727)

founded the founded the position of Prime position of Prime Minister Minister

George II (1727 – 1760)George II (1727 – 1760)

Officially Officially established the established the Constitutional Constitutional Monarchy Monarchy

George III (1760 – 1820)George III (1760 – 1820)

gained land in gained land in North America North America after French and after French and Indian War against Indian War against FranceFrance

War debt = War debt = taxes = taxes =

rebellion of colonies rebellion of colonies ==

American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Essential QuestionEssential Question

Explain the difference of Explain the difference of a constitutional monarch a constitutional monarch and an absolute and an absolute monarchy. monarchy.

Answer the question Answer the question in three complete sentences in three complete sentences in your summary in your summary section.section.

Absolutism Absolutism ObjectiveObjective

Summarize the Summarize the development of absolute development of absolute

and constitutional and constitutional monarchies in Europe monarchies in Europe

from 1500 to 1800from 1500 to 1800

Chapter Five- Section Five Parliament Limits the English Monarchy.

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