Chapter Chapter 22:: The Database Development …is.cba.edu.kw/433/Handouts/ch02.pdfData (e.g. Enterprise Data Model–simplified ER Diagag a )ram) Processes–data flow diagrams,
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Chapter Chapter 22::The Database Development The Database Development
ProcessProcessProcess Process
Modern Database ManagementModern Database Management99thth EditionEdition99 EditionEdition
Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott, Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott, Heikki Topi Heikki Topi
ObjectivesObjectivesD fi iti f tD fi iti f tDefinition of termsDefinition of termsDescribe system development life cycleDescribe system development life cycleE plain p otot ping app oachE plain p otot ping app oachExplain prototyping approachExplain prototyping approachExplain agile software development approachExplain agile software development approachExplain roles of individualsExplain roles of individualsExplain roles of individualsExplain roles of individualsExplain threeExplain three--schema approachschema approachExplain role of packaged data modelsExplain role of packaged data modelsExplain role of packaged data modelsExplain role of packaged data modelsExplain threeExplain three--tiered architecturestiered architecturesExplain scope of database design projectsExplain scope of database design projectsExplain scope of database design projectsExplain scope of database design projectsDraw simple data modelsDraw simple data models
First step in database developmentFirst step in database developmentSpecifies scope and general contentSpecifies scope and general contentOverall picture of organizational data at high Overall picture of organizational data at high p g gp g glevel of abstractionlevel of abstractionEntityEntity--relationship diagramrelationship diagramEntityEntity relationship diagramrelationship diagramDescriptions of entity typesDescriptions of entity typesR l ti hi b t titiR l ti hi b t titiRelationships between entitiesRelationships between entitiesBusiness rulesBusiness rules
Information Systems ArchitectureInformation Systems Architecture(ISA)(ISA)(ISA)(ISA)
Conceptual blueprint for organization’s desired Conceptual blueprint for organization’s desired information systems structureinformation systems structureConsists of:Consists of:Consists of:Consists of:
Data (e.g. Enterprise Data ModelData (e.g. Enterprise Data Model––simplified ER simplified ER Diagram)Diagram)ag a )ag a )ProcessesProcesses––data flow diagrams, process decomposition, data flow diagrams, process decomposition, etc.etc.Data NetworkData Network topology diagram (like Figtopology diagram (like Fig 11 77))Data NetworkData Network––topology diagram (like Fig topology diagram (like Fig 11--77))PeoplePeople––people management using project people management using project management tools (Gantt charts, etc.)management tools (Gantt charts, etc.)g ( , )g ( , )Events and points in time (when processes are Events and points in time (when processes are performed)performed)Reasons for events and rules (e g decision tables)Reasons for events and rules (e g decision tables)
Reasons for events and rules (e.g., decision tables)Reasons for events and rules (e.g., decision tables)
Information EngineeringInformation EngineeringInformation EngineeringInformation EngineeringA dataA data--oriented methodology to create and oriented methodology to create and gygymaintain information systemsmaintain information systemsTopTop--down planningdown planning––a generic IS planning a generic IS planning
th d l f bt i i b dth d l f bt i i b dmethodology for obtaining a broad methodology for obtaining a broad understanding of the IS needed by the entire understanding of the IS needed by the entire organizationorganizationorganizationorganizationFour steps to TopFour steps to Top--Down planning:Down planning:
Organization goalsOrganization goals––what we hope to what we hope to accomplishaccomplishaccomplishaccomplishCritical success factorsCritical success factors––what MUST work what MUST work i d f t ii d f t iin order for us to survivein order for us to surviveProblem areasProblem areas––weaknesses we now haveweaknesses we now have
Identify Corporate Planning Identify Corporate Planning y p gy p gObjects (Table Objects (Table 22--33))
Organizational unitsOrganizational units––departmentsdepartmentsOrganizational unitsOrganizational units departmentsdepartmentsOrganizational locationsOrganizational locationsBusiness functionsBusiness functions––groups of business groups of business processesprocessesppEntity typesEntity types––the things we are trying to the things we are trying to model for the databasemodel for the databasemodel for the databasemodel for the databaseInformation systemsInformation systems––application programsapplication programs
Functional decompositionFunctional decompositionIterative process breaking system description Iterative process breaking system description into finer and finer detailinto finer and finer detail
Planning MatrixesPlanning MatrixesD ib l i hi b l iD ib l i hi b l iDescribe relationships between planning Describe relationships between planning objects in the organizationobjects in the organizationTypes of matrixes:Types of matrixes:
LocationLocation--toto--functionfunctionLocationLocation toto functionfunctionUnitUnit--toto--functionfunctionISIS--toto--data entitydata entityISIS--toto--data entitydata entitySupporting functionSupporting function--toto--data entitydata entityISIS toto business objectivebusiness objectiveISIS--toto--business objectivebusiness objective
Two Approaches to Database Two Approaches to Database and IS Developmentand IS Development
SDLCSDLCSDLCSDLCSystem Development Life CycleSystem Development Life CycleDetailed wellDetailed well--planned development processplanned development processDetailed, wellDetailed, well planned development processplanned development processTimeTime--consuming, but comprehensiveconsuming, but comprehensiveLong development cycleLong development cycleo g d op yo g d op y
PrototypingPrototypingRapid application development (RAD)Rapid application development (RAD)Rapid application development (RAD)Rapid application development (RAD)Cursory attempt at conceptual data modelingCursory attempt at conceptual data modelingDefine database during development of initial Define database during development of initial g pg pprototypeprototypeRepeat implementation and maintenance activities Repeat implementation and maintenance activities with new prototype versionswith new prototype versions
f d lf d lsupport for systems developmentsupport for systems developmentThree database features:Three database features:Three database features:Three database features:
Data modelingData modeling––drawing entitydrawing entity--relationship relationship diagramsdiagramsdiagramsdiagramsCode generationCode generation––SQL code for table creationSQL code for table creationRepositoriesRepositories––knowledge base of enterprise knowledge base of enterprise informationinformation
Model components that can be purchased, Model components that can be purchased, customized and assembled into fullcustomized and assembled into full scale datascale datacustomized, and assembled into fullcustomized, and assembled into full--scale data scale data modelsmodelsAdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantages
Reduced development timeReduced development timeHigher model quality and reliabilityHigher model quality and reliabilityHigher model quality and reliabilityHigher model quality and reliability
Two types:Two types:Universal data modelsUniversal data modelsUniversal data modelsUniversal data modelsIndustryIndustry--specific data modelsspecific data models
M i P j tM i P j tManaging ProjectsManaging ProjectsP j tP j t l d d t ki f l t dl d d t ki f l t dProjectProject––a planned undertaking of related a planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an endbeginning and an endbeginning and an endbeginning and an endInvolves use of review points for:Involves use of review points for:
V lid ti f ti f tV lid ti f ti f tValidation of satisfactory progressValidation of satisfactory progressStep back from detail to overall viewStep back from detail to overall viewR it t f t k h ldR it t f t k h ldRenew commitment of stakeholdersRenew commitment of stakeholders
Incremental commitmentIncremental commitment––review of review of t d l t j t ft ht d l t j t ft hsystems development project after each systems development project after each
development phase with rejustification development phase with rejustification after each phaseafter each phase
Managing Projects: People InvolvedManaging Projects: People InvolvedManaging Projects: People InvolvedManaging Projects: People InvolvedBusiness analystsBusiness analystsyySystems analystsSystems analystsDatabase analysts and data modelersDatabase analysts and data modelersDatabase analysts and data modelersDatabase analysts and data modelersUsersUsersProgrammersProgrammersDatabase architectsDatabase architectsData administratorsData administratorsProject managersProject managersProject managersProject managersOther technical expertsOther technical experts
User ViewsUser ViewsSubsets of Conceptual SchemaSubsets of Conceptual SchemaSubsets of Conceptual SchemaSubsets of Conceptual SchemaCan be determined from businessCan be determined from business--function/data function/data entity matricesentity matricese t ty at cese t ty at cesDBA determines schema for different usersDBA determines schema for different users
Conceptual SchemaConceptual SchemaConceptual SchemaConceptual SchemaEE--R modelsR models––covered in Chapters covered in Chapters 3 3 and and 44
Internal SchemaInternal SchemaInternal Schema Internal Schema Logical structuresLogical structures––covered in Chapter covered in Chapter 55Physical structuresPhysical structures––covered in Chapter covered in Chapter 66
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