THE PROGRESSIVE ERA Chapter 9 AMERICA SEEKS REFORMS IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY
THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
Chapter 9
AMERICA SEEKS REFORMS IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY
LOBBYING - INFLUENCING DECISIONS MADE BY GOVERNMENT FOR THE BENEFIT OF ITS CITIZENS USUALLY ON BEHALF OF A SPECIAL INTEREST
ANTI-TRUST - OPPOSING OR INTENDED TO RESTRAIN TRUSTS, MONOPOLIES, OR OTHER LARGE COMBINATIONS OF BUSINESS AND CAPITAL TO MAINTAIN AND PROMOTE COMPETITION.
Academic Vocabulary
Petition - A formal written document requesting a right or benefit from a person or group in authority.
Section 1
The Origins of Progressivism
Warm up – top of pg. 9 R
What does progressive mean?
Why were people pushing so hard for these progressive reforms?
Melton Money – define lobbying, petition, and anti-trust – show me the correct
definitions Wednesday
ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM
As America entered into the 20th century, middle class reformers addressed many social problems
Work conditions, rights for women and children, economic reform, environmental issues and social welfare were a few of these issues
Goal #1 Protecting Social Welfare
Social Welfare - Industrialization was largely unregulated
Factory workers - bad conditions
Workers in a candle factory
PROTECT SOCIAL WELFARE
Employers - no responsibility for workers
Settlement homes and churches helped community
Goal #2 Moral Improvement
Moral Improvement key to fixing all of the
problems in society Prohibition
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Anti- Saloon League women
Why were women anti-alcohol?
Carrie Nation – walked into bars and smashed bottles with her ax
Goal #3 Economic Reform
Economic reform Uneven balance of
wealth Workers Business owners Government
No competition in business, monopolies Standard Oil Carnegie Steel
The Biltmore Mansion- Asheville NCHome of the Vanderbilt’s
MUCKRAKERS CRITICIZE BIG BUSINESS
“Muckrakers” – journalists, exposed corruption in business
Ida Tarbell - Standard Oil –monopoly
Ida Tarbell
Some view Michael Moore as a modern muckraker
Goal #4 - Fostering efficiency
Society and workplaceLouis Brandeis
Believed that long working hours did not benefit anyone
“Taylorism” More efficient production
Scientific Management
scientific principles - increase efficiency in the workplace
Assembly linehttp://www.history.com/shows/america-the-
story-of-us/videos/playlists/exclusive-video#henry-ford-and-the-model-t
The Four Goals of Progressivism
Create the chart on pg.6L of your notebook
You can take up the whole page
Decide which goal each progressive example would go under
Cut out and glue next to the correct example
The Four Goals of Progressivism
1. Protecting Social Welfare
2. Moral Improvement
3. Economic Reform
4. Fostering Efficiency
CLEANING UP LOCAL GOVERNMENT
desire to make gov. more efficient and responsive to citizens
Some also meant to limit immigrants influence in local governments
REGULATING BIG BUSINESSUnder the
progressive Republican leadership of Robert La Follette, Wisconsin led the way in regulating big business
Robert La Follette
PROTECTING WORKING CHILDREN
More child workers, more accidents= reformers against child labor
limited or banned by 1918 in most of U.S.
EFFORTS TO LIMIT HOURS
S. C., states – more reducing women’s hours
worker’s compensation to aid families of injured workers
ELECTION REFORM
Citizens fought for, and won, such measures as secret ballots, referendum votes, and the recall
Citizens could petition and get initiatives on the ballot
In 1899, Minnesota passed the first statewide primary system
DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORSBefore 1913, each
state’s legislature had chosen its own U.S. senators
To force senators to be more responsive to the public, progressives pushed for the popular election of senators
As a result, Congress passed the 17th Amendment (1913)
Section 2
Women in Public Life
Working Women
1 in 5 had a job Factories Domestic workers
Maids, Nanny work, cooks
Significantly underpaidLower class women had no
option… they had to work
Women and Reform
Poor conditions, pay, and hours push them to make change
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire hundreds die
Social Clubs Often turned into
reform sessions
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Women and Reform
Goals: Higher Education Suffrage
Susan B Anthony NAWSA
National AmericanWomen’s Suffrage Assoc.
NACW National Association of
Colored Women
Section 3
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
How he came to office
McKinley was PresidentHe was shot and later died
Roosevelt took over as President
Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)
believed the president should take a more active role in society
used presidency as a “Bully Pulpit”
Teddy’s Goals
Progressive Reforms – Square DealBig Business- Trust bustingRail Road RegulationHealthEnvironment
Big Business
He did not think all trusts were bad
What he did: Curb the action of
existing trusts Filed against trusts (44
total) Sherman Anti Trust
Act
However, mergers continued…
Rail Road Regulation
He wanted federal regulation of the RRPassed many acts to build on the Interstate
Commerce Commission Elkins Act Hepburn Act
This gave the government more power to intervene.
Health
Meat packing industry Upton Sinclair’s
The Jungle – exposed meat packing industry’s tactics
Meat Inspection Act – new requirement for meat packers, created meat inspection program
Pure Food and Drug Act – stopped sale of contaminated foods and medicines, called for truth in labeling
Environment
ConservationProtection of
Natural ResourcesHe hated the view
that our resources were endless
Est. of parks and wildlife areas
because he refused to shoot a bear cub the “Teddy Bear” is created in his honor
Roosevelt and Civil Rights
This was not a big issue of concern for himHe did a few things for PR purposes
Booker T Washington for dinner
This is the time of segregationNAACP is founded
Section 4
Progressivism Under Taft
Taft as President
RepublicanTeddy Roosevelt picked
him to run in 1908Very cautious,
moderate agendaHe danced around
issues, unlike Teddy
The Republican Party Splits
The Old guys - ConservativesThe New progressives
Same party- different ideas This causes the split
People are mad Living is costing too much Conservation issues
Bull Moose Forms
Very progressive Suffrage 8 hour work day No child labor Referendum and
recall
Election of 1912
Democrats Woodrow Wilson
Progressives Teddy Roosevelt
Republicans William H. Taft
Socialists Eugene V Debbs
Election of 1912
Democrats win Largely because the
Republicans were split
People wanted reform Taft did not get
many votes
Section 5
Wilson’s New Freedom
Wilson
Progressive IdealsSouthern background
He was not progressive in the civil rights category
Suffrage Supporter
Financial Reforms Clayton Anti Trust Federal Trade Comm. –
business watch-dog agency
Wilson
Tariffs Lower
Income Tax Graduated tax system
Federal Reserve Was an attempt to
eliminate private banksLed to a strengthening
economy
“Wilson Primes the Pump”
Women & Suffrage
Carrie Chapman Catt –led NAWSA and national effort
Emmeline Pankhurst
Finally women get the vote 1919 19th amendment