Chapter 9: The Progressive Era 1890- 1920 Section 1: The Origins of Progressivism.

Chapter 9: The Progressive Era 1890-1920

Section 1: The Origins of Progressivism

I. The Origins of Progressivism A. Introduction

Progressivism. What is it?•A movement to change or reform

•began in cities

B. The Four Goals

1. Protect Social Welfare. How?• Settlement Houses:

– Homes for the homeless

• YMCA:– libraries and sports for poor

• Salvation Army: Soup kitchens

Hull HouseHenry Street Settlement

Florence Kelly: Example of a social reformer:

(September 12, 1859 – February 17, 1932)

Fought against sweatshops and for the minimum wage, eight-hour workdays and children's rights.

2. Promoting Moral Improvement. How?

• Prohibition: ban alcohol/ Carry Nation-WCTU: went into saloons and made scene

Kindergartens, visiting sick and prisons

(November 25, 1846 - June 9, 1911)

3. Creating Economic Reform(change). How?

a. Change the US governmentEugene V. Debs

– Said business had too much power

– Break up big business

(November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926)

• B. Muckrakers: Journalists who wrote about corporate abuses

» Ida Tarbell: Wrote The History of the Standard Oil Company in 1904.

» Helped lead to the break up of Standard Oil.

(November 5, 1857 – January 6, 1944)

(July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937)

John D. Rockefeller

4. Foster Efficiency• Make society better and faster?• Shortened hours, better conditions• Used the ideas of Taylor:

– Scientific Management

» Assembly lines» Not always better for workers» Speed was controlled by boss» Tried to make better, did it?

Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin

Modern Times (1936)

Reform:

Person

Cleaning Up Local

GovernmentSummery:

Reforming Local Government

Reforming Local Government

II. Government Reform

A. City Government:

-roots of movement started in Galveston TX after a storm.-Attacked problems like too much corruption

- Reform Mayors

a. Hazen Pingree: Detroit

» Targeted corrupt utility companies, railroads and construction.» Built schools and parks

B. Tom Johnson: Cleveland

-believed citizens should play a more active role

Hazen Stuart Pingree (August 30, 1840 – June 18, 1901)

He gained national recognition through his "potato patch plan," a systematic use of vacant city land for gardens which would produce food for the city's poor.

Reform at the State Level

Summery:

Protecting Working Children

Efforts to Limit Working Hours

Reforming Elections

Reform Governors

Direct Election of Senators

B. State Government1. Governor Robert Lafollette (Wisconsin)

• Targeted the RR. Make it more fair to use

• To protect children– Too many children working

– Earning less pay

– Not going to school

– Exploitation

• Used photography to show horrors: forced National Labor Committee to investigate

• Led to the Keating's Owen Act (1916): stopped transportation of goods produced by children across state lines.

(June 14, 1855– June 18, 1925)

Child Labor Today

Reform at National Level from SC.Limiting Hours and protecting workers

– Women and children become focus

– Muller v. Oregon: Limits women to a 10 hour work day

– Workers compensation for families injured or killed at work

Election Reforms– Promote Democracy and Citizen Action– Examples

• Initiative: Bill written by people not congress• Secret ballot: • Recall: remove• Referendum: a vote on the initiative. People

decide not congress• 17th Amendment: Direct election of Senators

• What does this all mean? People have more say in the government

Chapter 9-Section 2

Women in Public Life

Where were women working at the turn of the century?

• Please begin by reading pages 313-314

• Create a Tree Map© that identifies the three important roles that women were most commonly found in.

• On your map please explain least one of the problems they faced in each role

On the farm:

• Mostly in South and Midwest

• Lower middle class to lower class

• Besides fields, had to care for family, laundry, and cook

In the factories

• Women had found their way into the factories to help make money

• Often excluded from union membership

• Often worked in garment industry

• Paid about ½ as much as men

• Some sought an education which would open more doors for them in the future

In The Home • A way for women who were not educated to help their family was by domestic work

• For many African American women this was their only option because of racism

Working Conditions:

– Bad pay, poor conditions made the workers feel trapped and made women realize they lacked fundamental rights

• Women wanted education-– More education

led to drive for college

– Education led to reform

– Push for reform, led women to push for equality and independence

• How did it all happen:– health and safety first

thoughts– -Early leaders were

Anthony and Stanton-Laid foundation-Led to NAWSA:-

– Catt

• 3 prong approach to suffrage– State legislatures– Courts– National amendment

-African American also fought for equality. Not always welcome in white women’s groups: NACW

– Women fought a long hard battle until 1920 just to get right to vote.

– The Fight for equality wasn’t over yet

Section 3• TR• -rich, but sick• -had to prove himself• -overcame personal

tragedies/built his character• -fought in Spanish American

War• Never was meant to be

president• -youngest president elected• -used presidency as “bully

pulpit”• -forced issues of reform• -Offered America a “Square

Deal”

• How he used Federal Power

1. Trust-busting: Breaking up businesses when they get too big

Not against all Trusts, just the ones that abuse their power

2. -Railroad Regulation• Means that the

Government will keep an eye on the Railroad

• -ICA: Interstate Commerce Act

– monitor trade, little power

• Elkins Act: no rebates for big companies

• Hepburn Act: Limited free passes

• 3. 1902 Coal Strike– showed willing to

threaten business

• Pennsylvania• 140000 miners• Wanted 20% raise,

9hr day• Coal ran low• TR calls leaders on

both sides• Third party settles

with 10% raise, 9 hr, but no right unionize

4. Health and the Environment– Regulate food and

drugs• The Jungle

–Illustrated issues of abuse

»Led to Meat Inspection Act

»And Food and Drug Act

• 5. Conservation and Natural Resources

• -control and save land• -use some land• -used nature for

power: Dams• -Pinchot: Head of

Forest Service• -National Reclamation

Act• sell land to fund

irrigation

• 6. Civil Rights– Fell short– Took first steps

• met with Booker T. Washington

– did not achieve = Rights

• Dubois not happy with progress

• helped start

NAACPLong hard road for =

rights

Section 4

• Taft Becomes President• -TR does not run

again• -Helps Taft get

elected

• Taft Cautious • Used Dollar Diplomacy,

not gunboat• Seemed to go back on

Progressive Promise– Payne Aldrich Tariff

• Started out to lower• Bill changed, actually

raised

• Argument over land– Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

• Ballinger not like Pinchot’s use of land

• Taft fired Pinchot• Progressives mad

• Taft’s shortcomings lead to Republican Split

– party cannot hold together without TR

– TR comes back and starts 3rd Party: Bull Moose

– Now Repubs are split in 3, no majority vote

• Wilson (Democrat) wins election

Section 5 • Wilson• -Democrats take

power• -New Freedom:

Power to individual

• -attacks Triple wall of Privilege– Trust– Tariff– Finance

Trusts

• Clayton Anti Trust Act

-no monopolies, unions could exist

-Magna Carta of labor legislation

How would he police businesses? FTC- watchdog of business

Tariff • Underwood Tariff: -Lower tariff

• Told Americans to demand, got it!

Finance Federal Tax• Had to pay

for hole lower tariff made

• 16th amendment: Graduated income tax

• More you made, more you paid

THE FED• Federal

Reserve– made new

banking system

» Provided help for banks in trouble

» secured our future during hard times

Reform under Wilson: • Suffrage

• Women working hard for vote

• Alice Paul became leader of young women– More active,

picketed white house

– Willing to be arrested

– Including poor and working women

– Won 19th amendment in 1920

Limits of Progressivism:

• Civil Rights were not won for minorities

• Segregation remained

• NAACP feels betrayed

• World War I ends movement as county focuses on Kaiser