Chapter 9: Selection of Action Slide Template
Feb 20, 2016
Chapter 9: Selection of Action
Slide Template
VARIABLES INFLUENCING SIMPLE AND CHOICE RT
Stimulus Modality
• Examples
Stimulus Intensity
• Relationship between stimulus intensity and simple reaction time.
Temporal Uncertainty
• Warning Interval • Imperative Stimulus
Expectancy
• Role of expectancy • Warning intervals in RT
VARIABLES INFLUENCING CHOICE REACTION TIME
The Information Theory Model
• The Hick-Hyman Law– Quantify the uncertainty of stimulus events
• Role of expectancy.
The Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off
• The Speed-Accuracy Operating Characteristic.– Figures 9.3 and 9.4.– Speed-Accuracy Trade-On
• The Speed-Accuracy Micro-Trade-Off. – Fast guess. – Memory load
The Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off
• The Speed-Accuracy Operating Characteristic.– Figures 9.3 and 9.4.– Speed-Accuracy Trade-On
• The Speed-Accuracy Micro-Trade-Off. – Fast guess. – Memory load
Other Considerations
• Stimulus Discriminability• The Repetition Effect – Alternation effect
• Response Factors• Practice• Executive Control
S-R Compatibility
• Location compatibility. – Colocation principle. – Congruence (ordered array)– Rules– Mapping of ordered quantity from least to most– Cant and angling
S-R Compatibility
• Movement compatibility. – Population stereotype– Congruence of display movement– Mismatching dimensions– Constrained vs. unconstrained controls– Frame of reference modifications– Compensatory status vs. pursuit command display– Warrick movement– Movement in different planes
S-R Compatibility
• Transformations and population stereotypes.• Modality S-R compatibility– Central processing code.
• Consistency and training. • Knowledge in the world. – Real-world examples – Figure 9.9
STAGES IN REACTION TIME
Stages in Reaction Time
• Subtractive• Additive factors • Psychophysiological techniques
SERIAL RESPONSES
The Psychological Refractory Period
• Inter-stimulus interval• Single-channel theory of PRP. • Figure 9.10.• Relationship between RT and Inter-Stimulus
Interval. • Figure 9.11.
Decision Complexity
• The Decision Complexity Advantage• Bandwidth• Decision complexity advantage• Chording.
Pacing
• Forced-paced versus self-paced• Response-stimulus interval
Response Factors
• Response Complexity• Response Feedback• Response Repetition
Preview and Transcription
• Transcription tasks• Benefits of lag• Preview
ERRORS
Categories of Human Error: An Information-Processing Approach
• Information processing context for representing human error– Figure 9.13.
• Mistakes– Knowledge-based and rule-based.
• Slips– Capture of behaviour.
• Lapses– Post-completion errors.
• Mode errors– Automation.
• Distinction between Error Categories.
Human Reliability Analysis
• Figure 9.14.• Performance shaping factors. – Table 9.1. – Fault tree analysis. Figure 9.15.
• Error monitoring • Non-independence of Human Errors.• Integrating human and machine reliabilities
Errors in Organizational Context
• Examples
Error Remedies
• Task Design• Equipment Design – Remedies
• Training• Assists and Rules• Error-Tolerant Systems