Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Foreign Currency Foreign Currency Transactions and Transactions and an Introduction to an Introduction to Hedging Hedging
Jan 05, 2016
Chapter 9Chapter 9
Foreign Currency Foreign Currency
Transactions and an Transactions and an
Introduction to HedgingIntroduction to Hedging
Chapter 9Chapter 9
Foreign Currency Foreign Currency
Transactions and an Transactions and an
Introduction to HedgingIntroduction to Hedging
Lecture TopicsLecture Topics
• Foreign currency translation• Translating transactions• Hedging foreign currency exposure• Disclosure requirements
Lecture ReferencesLecture References
• Text - Chapter 10• AASB - 1012
Key ConceptsKey Concepts
• Exchange rates• Foreign currency• Spot price• Hedge• Specific commitment
Foreign Currency TranslationForeign Currency Translation
• Nature of translation• History of Australian foreign currency
standards• Translation process and exchange rates
– Understanding exchange rates• Direct and indirect quotations• Spot and future quotations• Buy and sell quotations
Translating TransactionsTranslating Transactions
• Simple foreign currency transactions
Ozco • Spent $150 000 on behalf of Forco, a foreign entity
related to Ozco• Ozco bills Forco for reimbursement and is to be
expressed and paid in Forcos’s currency, FC50 000• to: Spot rate FC1 = $3.0 FC50 000 = $150 000• t1: Spot rate FC1 = $2.0 FC50 000 = $100 000
Ozco • Spent $150 000 on behalf of Forco, a foreign entity
related to Ozco• Ozco bills Forco for reimbursement and is to be
expressed and paid in Forcos’s currency, FC50 000• to: Spot rate FC1 = $3.0 FC50 000 = $150 000• t1: Spot rate FC1 = $2.0 FC50 000 = $100 000
Dr Reimbursable costs incurred 150 000Cr Cash 150 000payments for reimbursable costs incurred on behalf of Forco
Dr Reimbursable costs incurred 150 000Cr Cash 150 000payments for reimbursable costs incurred on behalf of Forco
Ozco journal entries to record the Ozco journal entries to record the transaction in Australian dollarstransaction in Australian dollars
• Prior to:
Dr FC Cash 150 000Cr Reimbursable costs incurred 150 000foreign currency transaction on cash terms
Dr Cash 150 000Cr FC Cash 150 000sale of foreign currency to dealer
Dr FC Cash 150 000Cr Reimbursable costs incurred 150 000foreign currency transaction on cash terms
Dr Cash 150 000Cr FC Cash 150 000sale of foreign currency to dealer
OzcoOzco
• Immediate settlement
At to:
Dr FC Account receivable 150 000Cr Reimbursable costs incurred 150 000foreign currency transaction on credit terms
At to:
Dr FC Account receivable 150 000Cr Reimbursable costs incurred 150 000foreign currency transaction on credit terms
OzcoOzco
• Settlement at t1
At t1:
Dr Expense - FC exchange diff. 50 000Cr FC Accounts receivable 50 000revalues the receivable in foreign currency
Dr Cash 100 000Cr FC Accounts receivable 100 000 exchanges the receivable in FC for A$
At t1:
Dr Expense - FC exchange diff. 50 000Cr FC Accounts receivable 50 000revalues the receivable in foreign currency
Dr Cash 100 000Cr FC Accounts receivable 100 000 exchanges the receivable in FC for A$
OzcoOzco
• Settlement at t1
Translating TransactionsTranslating Transactions
• Calculation of exchange differences in intervening reporting dates– Unrealised exchange differences at reporting
date– Exchange difference at payment date
• Translation of sale and purchase of goods and services– Qualifying assets
Translating TransactionsTranslating Transactions
• Treatment of foreign currency purchases and sales– Purchase of inventory and revaluation at reporting date
15 June Dr Inventory xxCr FC Accounts payable xx
30 June Dr Accounts payable xCr Revenue - FC exchange diff. x
15 June Dr Inventory xxCr FC Accounts payable xx
30 June Dr Accounts payable xCr Revenue - FC exchange diff. x
Translating TransactionsTranslating Transactions
• Treatment of foreign currency purchases and sales– Payment
15 July Dr Expense - FC exchange diff. xCr FC Accounts payable x
Dr FC Accounts payable xxCr Cash xx
15 July Dr Expense - FC exchange diff. xCr FC Accounts payable x
Dr FC Accounts payable xxCr Cash xx
Hedging Foreign Currency ExposureHedging Foreign Currency Exposure
• Types of hedges– Hedges using foreign currency contracts– Other types of hedges
• When do we have a hedge?• Important characteristics• Hedge transaction costs
Hedging Foreign Currency ExposureHedging Foreign Currency Exposure
• Treatment of hedges of specific commitments– AASB 1012
• Hedge treated as part of underlying transaction• Specific commitment vs qualifying asset• Treatment of exchange differences
Hedging Foreign Currency ExposureHedging Foreign Currency Exposure
• Treatment of other hedges• Hedging exposure of different types of
underlying transactions– Hedging foreign currency denominated liability– Purchase transactions - inventory– Sale transactions– Hedging foreign currency borrowings– Hedging without the use of FC contracts
HedgingHedging
• Early termination of a hedge or derecognition of an ineffective hedge– Deferred gains and losses
• Unresolved issues in hedge accounting– Recognition vs disclosure issues
Disclosure RequirementsDisclosure Requirements
• AASB 8– Net exchange difference and net gain or loss
• Hedge transactions - AASB 1033– Accounting policies and methods– Extent and nature of underlying financial
instruments
Disclosure RequirementsDisclosure Requirements
• Hedge transactions - AASB 1033– Objective for holding or issuing derivative
financial instruments– Interest rate risk details– Credit risk details– Net fair value of financial assets/liabilities– Details of hedges of anticipated transactions
Where to get more informationWhere to get more information
• Other courses• List books, articles, electronic sources