Chapter 9-2: Sparta and Athens

Chapter 9-2:Sparta and Athens

Bell Work 1/18Use Notes on Chapter 9-1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZlqgtdQoHo 1. I continued to extend the

Persian Empire by conquering Egypt.

2. A series of wars between Persia and Greece is called _______.

3. The Persian Army included 2 major groups. The ________ and _______.

4. The Persian religion was called ____________.

5. I created the Persian empire after defeating the Medes.

6. I killed my rivals for the throne and reorganized the Persian Empire into provinces.

7. In the Battle of _______, a traitor turned on the Spartans making the Persians successful.

8. There are ___ major battles in the Persian Wars.

9. I tried to conquer Greece ten years after the battle at Marathon.

10. In this battle, an army from all over Greece beat the Persians.

Sparta and Athensp. 266-271

• Athens and Sparta fought together against Persia. Their friendship didn’t last long though.

• Two of the greatest city-states in Greece were

Sparta and Athens. Sparta, had a culture that valued physical strength and military might. The Athenian culture placed more value on the mind. However, both city-states played important roles in the defense of ancient Greece.

Athens Sparta

Sparta v. Athens Venn Diagram

1. Government/political structure,

2. education,

3. roles of women and children,

4. military strength/alliances,

5. economy,

6. social class structure,

7. Lifestyle/values/beliefs,

8. cultural achievements/legacies

Sparta and Athens

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Keaa3p8ca5k&feature=related The Big Idea

The two most powerful city-states in Greece, Sparta and Athens, had very different cultures and became bitter enemies in the 400s BC.

Main Ideas

• The Spartans built a military society to provide security and protection.

• The Athenians admired the mind and the arts in addition to physical abilities.

• Sparta and Athens fought over who should have power and influence in Greece.

Main Idea 1: The Spartans built a military

society to provide security and protection.

• Daily life in Sparta was dominated by the army, and boys were trained from an early age to be soldiers.

– Spartan men reached full citizenship at age 30 and could then move back home, but they stayed in the army until they turned 60.

• Courage, strength, self-discipline, and obedience were the most important qualities to have.

• Because men were often at war, women had more rights than other Greek women.

– They ran the household and owned property.

– They also received physical training and sometimes competed with men in sporting events.

Government• Sparta was officially ruled by two kings who jointly led the army,

but elected officials actually had more power than the kings.

• These officials handled dealings between Sparta and other city-states.

• Sparta’s government was set up to control the city’s helots, or slaves.

Girls and Women in Athens

• Sparta’s main rival in Greece was Athens.• Though they also worked to improve their bodies, they had to devote

only two years to the army.• They learned to read, write, count, and sing. • Wealthy boys continued their education with a private tutor.• Boys from poor families usually became farmers.

• Unlike boys, girls received almost no education, because men did not think they needed to be educated.

• Athenian women had fewer rights than women in many other city-states; in fact, they hardly had any at all.

Main Idea 2:The Athenians admired the mind

and the arts in addition to physical abilities.

Boys and Men in Athens

Main Idea 3:Sparta and Athens fought over who should have power and

influence in Greece.

• Sparta and Athens worked together to win the Persian Wars.

• After the Persian Wars, city-states joined an alliance, which historians call the Delian League.

– “Alliance” means they agreed to work together.

• Sparta formed its own alliance, called the Peloponnesian League.

• Sparta declared war on Athens, starting the Peloponnesian War.

• The war lasted for ten years before they decided to call a truce.

• The war started up once more when Athens tried to expand its empire. The Spartans won.

• With the defeat of Athens, Sparta became the most powerful city-state in Greece.

The Peloponnesian War• Other city-states

started to resent Sparta, leading to a period of war.

• Control of Greece shifted from one city-state to another for years.

Sparta v. Athens Debate Assignment

• Resolution: Which was more superior, Athens or Sparta?– Research these topics of each polis

• Government/political structure, education, roles of women and children, military strength/alliances, economy, social class structure, lifestyle, values/beliefs, cultural achievements/legacies

– In your group, divide topics up so that everything is covered

Homework 1/18

• Research ancient Athens and Sparta and add more information to your Venn Diagrams so that you are prepared for debate no matter what side you end up.