Chapter 8.1 – The Need for Energy I. The Need for Energy – all organisms must get energy from their environment to do work A. Autotrophs – organisms that harvest energy from sunlight or chemicals green plants, green algae, green bacteria B. Heterotrophs – organisms that consume energy from other organisms humans, snakes, cockroaches, tapeworms, bacteria, yeast/fungi, venus fly
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Chapter 8.1 – The Need for Energy I.The Need for Energy – all organisms must get energy from their environment to do work A.Autotrophs – organisms that.
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Chapter 8.1 – The Need for Energy
I. The Need for Energy – all organisms must get energy from their environment to do work
A. Autotrophs – organisms that harvest energy from sunlight or
chemicals green plants, green algae, green
bacteriaB. Heterotrophs – organisms that
consume energy from other organisms humans, snakes, cockroaches,
tapeworms, bacteria, yeast/fungi, venus fly trap
C. ATP – an energy molecule1. Energy is stored in its bonds2. Energy gets released when ATP
is broken apart, forming ADP
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
D. Examples of Cells Using Energy:1. any exercise2. thinking3. digesting4. breathing
II. Photosynthesis – trapping the sun’s energy
A. Chloroplast – part of an autotroph’s cells that trap light energy
B. Chlorophyll – green pigment in the chloroplast that converts the
sun’s energy into ATP it absorbs all colors, except green green is reflected back to our eyes
C. Photosynthesis – the process that uses the sun’s energy to make glucose
6CO2 + 6H2O + sun → C6H12O6 + 6O2
2 steps:
1. Light-Dependent Reactions Sunlight is converted into
ATP2. Light-Independent Reactions
(Dark Reactions / Calvin Cycle) ATP (from step 1) and CO2 are
used to make glucose (C6H12O6)
III. Cellular Respiration – the process where cells in ALL living things use cell parts called mitochondria to get ATP energy from glucose
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
3 Steps to make 36 ATP:
1. Glycolysis – chemical reactions that break apart glucose (2 ATP made)
2. Citric Acid Cycle / Krebs Cycle (2 ATP made)
3. Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP made)
A. Aerobic Respiration – happens with oxygen when your body