Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3 ALCOS # 13.Describe the economic and social impact of World War II on Alabamians. Recognizing.

Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWIIChapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWIILesson 3Lesson 3

ALCOS # 13.Describe the economic and social impact of ALCOS # 13.Describe the economic and social impact of World War II on Alabamians.World War II on Alabamians.

••Recognizing Alabama participants in World Recognizing Alabama participants in World War II War II (Tuskegee Airmen, women in the (Tuskegee Airmen, women in the military)military)

OUTCOMEOUTCOMEStudents will be able to recognize Alabama Students will be able to recognize Alabama participants in WWII by completing a graphic participants in WWII by completing a graphic organizer.organizer.

Think of someone you consider to be a true hero. This Think of someone you consider to be a true hero. This person may be a hero for some public act of bravery, or person may be a hero for some public act of bravery, or maybe considered a hero for something they have quietly maybe considered a hero for something they have quietly done to help others. You could easily tell what they did to done to help others. You could easily tell what they did to be considered a hero, but I want you to think about their be considered a hero, but I want you to think about their personality and day to day behavior. Brainstorm as many personality and day to day behavior. Brainstorm as many adjectives as you can to describe this personadjectives as you can to describe this person’’s s personality. (1minute to brainstorm)personality. (1minute to brainstorm)

Turn and talk to your partner/group and share your Turn and talk to your partner/group and share your thinking. Circle any adjectives that both have in commonthinking. Circle any adjectives that both have in common

In this lesson, you will learn about the different In this lesson, you will learn about the different ““heroesheroes”” of WWII that have Alabama connections. Use your of WWII that have Alabama connections. Use your graphic organizer to list these people and acknowledge graphic organizer to list these people and acknowledge them for their many acts of bravery.them for their many acts of bravery.


∙ ∙ Marine General Holland Smith Marine General Holland Smith (Seale in Russel County) – (Seale in Russel County) – developed the tactics of landing developed the tactics of landing on beaches.on beaches.

∙ ∙ Crommelin Family (Wetumpka) – Crommelin Family (Wetumpka) – had 5 sons graduate from the had 5 sons graduate from the Naval Academy. 2 were killed in Naval Academy. 2 were killed in plane crashes and the other 3 all plane crashes and the other 3 all served in the Pacificserved in the Pacific

∙ ∙ Howard Walter Gilmore (Selma) – Howard Walter Gilmore (Selma) – won the Medal of Honor when his won the Medal of Honor when his submarine was attacked and had submarine was attacked and had to make the brave decision to to make the brave decision to submerge, which saved his men submerge, which saved his men but cost him his life.but cost him his life.


∙ ∙ Staff Sergeant Henry Staff Sergeant Henry ““RedRed”” Erwin Erwin (Adamsville and Bessemer) – was on a (Adamsville and Bessemer) – was on a bombing raid over Tokyo when a bombing raid over Tokyo when a phosphorous bomb accidently went off phosphorous bomb accidently went off inside the plane. He took the burning inside the plane. He took the burning explosive in his hands and threw it explosive in his hands and threw it from the plane while the plane spiraled from the plane while the plane spiraled out of control. He was able to gain out of control. He was able to gain control, land the plane safely, but had control, land the plane safely, but had to have many operations to close the to have many operations to close the burns and scars all over his body.burns and scars all over his body.

∙ ∙ 11stst Lt. William Lawley Jr. Lt. William Lawley Jr. (Montgomery)– won the Medal of (Montgomery)– won the Medal of Honor for landing a badly damaged B-Honor for landing a badly damaged B-17 and saving his crew though he was 17 and saving his crew though he was wounded. A bridge outside Wetumpka wounded. A bridge outside Wetumpka is named in his honor.is named in his honor.

∙ ∙ Of the 469 men who were awarded the Of the 469 men who were awarded the Medal of Honor, 12 had Alabama Medal of Honor, 12 had Alabama connections.connections.


∙ ∙ 3 cruisers were named for Alabama 3 cruisers were named for Alabama cities- the cities- the MobileMobile, the , the BirminghamBirmingham, , and the and the TuscaloosaTuscaloosa- and one - and one battleship was named the battleship was named the AlabamaAlabama..

∙ ∙ The The AlabamaAlabama, a WWII battleship, , a WWII battleship, was christened in 1942. It saw was christened in 1942. It saw action in the Atlantic and later in action in the Atlantic and later in the Pacific. It was part of the escort the Pacific. It was part of the escort for the U.S.S. for the U.S.S. MissouriMissouri, which , which steamed into Tokyo Bay to receive steamed into Tokyo Bay to receive the surrender of the Japanese in the surrender of the Japanese in September 1945.September 1945.

∙ ∙ 1964- schoolchildren of Alabama 1964- schoolchildren of Alabama supported a campaign that brought supported a campaign that brought the battleship back to Mobile. There the battleship back to Mobile. There it lies at anchor and serves as a it lies at anchor and serves as a memorial to the brave Alabamians memorial to the brave Alabamians and Americans who served in WWII.and Americans who served in WWII.


∙ ∙ Many African Americans moved to Many African Americans moved to northern and western cities northern and western cities because there was less because there was less discrimination and more discrimination and more opportunities than in the south. opportunities than in the south. They entered the military , where They entered the military , where they received technical training they received technical training and new job experiences.and new job experiences.

∙ ∙ African Americans were very African Americans were very important in keeping the front important in keeping the front lines supplied with gasoline, lines supplied with gasoline, ammunition, food, and water. Many ammunition, food, and water. Many drove the supply trucks and drove the supply trucks and trained as pilots at Tuskegee.trained as pilots at Tuskegee.


∙ ∙ By the time WWII was over, the By the time WWII was over, the African American flyers (Tuskegee African American flyers (Tuskegee Airmen) of the 99Airmen) of the 99thth Pursuit Pursuit Squadron and the 332Squadron and the 332ndnd Fighter Fighter Group had an impressive record of Group had an impressive record of victories in the skies over Germany.victories in the skies over Germany.

∙ ∙ The training began at the Army Air The training began at the Army Air Corps field in Tuskegee where a Corps field in Tuskegee where a steady stream of skilled pilots steady stream of skilled pilots began to graduate. These pilots began to graduate. These pilots were important in flying fighter were important in flying fighter escort for American bombers on escort for American bombers on raids over Germany.raids over Germany.

∙ ∙ After the war, many of the After the war, many of the Tuskegee airmen stayed in service. Tuskegee airmen stayed in service. Benjamin O. Davis(Washington D.C.) Benjamin O. Davis(Washington D.C.) became the 1became the 1stst African American African American general in the U.S. Air Force.general in the U.S. Air Force.


Learn More Interesting Facts About Bejamin O. Davis


∙ ∙ After Germany was defeated in Africa, After Germany was defeated in Africa, captured troops were transferred to captured troops were transferred to America. Many came to Alabama to live America. Many came to Alabama to live in newly built prisoner of war (POW) in newly built prisoner of war (POW) camps. The camp in Aliceville was the camps. The camp in Aliceville was the 11stst and largest camp in Alabama. These and largest camp in Alabama. These prisoners could not produce weapons, prisoners could not produce weapons, but many worked as farm laborers, but many worked as farm laborers, especially in Baldwin County.especially in Baldwin County.

∙ ∙ The prisoners were treated well and The prisoners were treated well and had a better life than when at war in had a better life than when at war in the desert of North Africa. After the the desert of North Africa. After the war, they were sent home.war, they were sent home.

∙ ∙ Fall of 1944- the Allies were clearly Fall of 1944- the Allies were clearly defeating both the German and defeating both the German and Japanese armies and navies. Germany Japanese armies and navies. Germany surrendered in May 1945, and after the surrendered in May 1945, and after the U.S. dropped the atomic bomb on U.S. dropped the atomic bomb on Japan, the Japanese agreed to an Japan, the Japanese agreed to an unconditional surrender in august. unconditional surrender in august. WWII was over!WWII was over!


Lesson 3 Review QuestionsLesson 3 Review Questions

- 1. Why is General Benjamin O. Davis remembered as 1. Why is General Benjamin O. Davis remembered as a World War II hero?a World War II hero?

- 2. What 3 WWII ships were named for Alabama 2. What 3 WWII ships were named for Alabama cities?cities?

- 3.When did WWII end?3.When did WWII end?

- 4. Where was the largest POW camp in Alabama?4. Where was the largest POW camp in Alabama?


Lesson 3 Review AnswersLesson 3 Review Answers

- 1. General Benjamin O. Davis is remembered as a 1. General Benjamin O. Davis is remembered as a World War II hero because he became the 1World War II hero because he became the 1stst African American general in the U.S. Air Force.African American general in the U.S. Air Force.

- 2. 3 WWII ships that were named for Alabama 2. 3 WWII ships that were named for Alabama cities?cities?

- 3.When did WWII end?3.When did WWII end?

- 4. Where was the largest POW camp in Alabama?4. Where was the largest POW camp in Alabama?


stock market Allies levees

recessionrecession persecutingpersecuting

NaziNazi AxisAxis censorscensors WPAWPA


- STOCK STOCK MARKETMARKET

- A place where stocks A place where stocks and bonds are tradedand bonds are traded


- ALLIESALLIES

- Fought on the same Fought on the same side as United States side as United States during World War IIduring World War II


- LEVEESLEVEES

- Embankments created Embankments created to control floodingto control flooding


- RECESSIONRECESSION- A period of economic A period of economic

limitationlimitation


- PersecutingPersecuting

- Treating someone in a Treating someone in a cruel or harmful way to cruel or harmful way to cause sufferingcause suffering


- NAZINAZI

- Member of the Fascist Member of the Fascist party that controlled party that controlled Germany from 1933-Germany from 1933-19451945


- AXISAXIS

- Germany, Italy, JapanGermany, Italy, Japan


- CENSORSCENSORS

- Officials who read or Officials who read or review materials for the review materials for the purpose of controlling purpose of controlling informationinformation


- WPA WPA (Works Progress (Works Progress Administration)Administration)

- Built part of Alabama Built part of Alabama Archives buildingArchives building


Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3 ALCOS # 13.Describe the economic and social impact of World War II on Alabamians. Recognizing.

Documents

wwii lesson

wwii battleship

new deal

great depression

alabama participants

alabama cities

alabama connections

schoolchildren of alabama