Chapter 8
Dec 25, 2015
Self Produced▪ When programming is produced by the organization
distributing it.▪ HBO filming it’s own movies▪ ESPN covering games it broadcasts
Related & Non-related media▪ When media is shared between departments▪ NBC taking subsidiary hit program▪ Puts it on main network
▪ GE owned company sharing with other GE owned company▪ NBC CNBC MSNBC
Voice Tracking▪ Radio announcers intro’s & outro’s for many of the
companies stations Affiliate▪ Stations associated with a network▪ Programming content provided by the network
Non-Related▪ When companies not related through parent▪ Share programming with each other
Majors & Independents Programmers also get material from▪ Major production companies▪ (ones that also make movies)
Time Windows▪ The time from theatrical release to showing elsewhere
Independents▪ Private production companies paid to develop
shows/content
Syndicators▪ Buy old popular “Off-Net” programs▪ Present them to target audience
Not as effective today because of DVD’s of network shows
New TV programs, series & movies▪ Go through development phase
▪ They start with an idea As idea is expanded a PITCH is developed▪ Presented to network executives
Accepted pitches lead to a PILOT▪ Single show as it would be aired on TV
Other Challenges Executive Decisions▪ May want demographic changes▪ Age of lead▪ Location
▪ To go with SEQUEL to popular movie▪ SPIN-OFF TV show▪ Involves characters from popular series
Different than other programs & series▪ Content controlled by gatekeepers▪ Decisions are made quickly
News Gathering▪ Staff identifying & covering important stories▪ Assignment editor▪ Embedded▪ Stringers
▪ Scanners▪ Devices used to monitor police & fire radios
News Agencies/Wire services▪ Stories, Sound bites, Video
Public Contributions ▪ Calling in tips/leads▪ Sending in video▪ Phones, camcorders, etc
▪ Blogs Presentation▪ Television, online
Radio CLOCK - used to determine specific content▪ Traffic on the 1’s – What does this mean?
Dayparts▪ Morning drive (6-10 am), ▪ Midday (10 am-3 pm), ▪ Afternoon drive (3-7 pm), ▪ Evenings (7 pm-12 midnight), ▪ Overnight (midnight-6 am
Scheduling Factors DVR’s & DVD’s▪ Allow rearranging of original program schedule
Prime Time▪ Most important block in Television▪ WHY
Changes in shows▪ Cancellations▪ Moves to new times
Scheduling Strategies Block programming▪ Same type of shows shown all evening ▪ (sitcoms, drama, etc)
Hammocking▪ New series between two strong one
Tentpoling▪ New/Weak series before and after a strong one
Stripping▪ Same show, same time, every day
Several forms of drama▪ Soap Operas▪ Serialized to entice viewer to “tune in tomorrow”
▪ Anthology dramas▪ Individual stories ▪ Different characters in each (episode)
▪ Episodic serialized dramas▪ Set characters▪ Episodes cover complete storylines
▪ Miniseries & Docudramas
Mainstay of media▪ Sitcoms▪ Primary form of comedy▪ Started on radio, migrated to TV
▪ Other forms▪ SNL, skits▪ Variety shows▪ Stand up comedy
Comedy has been threatened by ▪ Reality TV
Started in the 50’s ▪ (candid camera)
Popularized in the 1990’s▪ Initially thought to be short lived▪ Low cost appealed to networks▪ Human element appealed to viewers
▪ CBS show Survivor (2000)▪ Solidified genre as appealing to audience
Term extended to other forms▪ American Idol, Who wants to be a millionaire
Longtime popular format▪ Started in radio▪ Migrated to TV
Quiz show scandals (1958)▪ Dealt temporary blow to genre
Eventually new shows helped re-establish genre▪ Jeopardy▪ Wheel of Fortune▪ What are some other?
American Bandstand▪ First hit music program on TV
1981 MTV introduced music video format▪ Most successful TV music concept
Music video popularity▪ Led to placement elsewhere▪ Commercials networks▪ Local stations▪ Cable stations
Criticized for possible negative impact on youth
Gatekeepers▪ Those in position to determine what information is
presented Variety▪ More and more news stations▪ Offer content to match numerous views▪ Liberal, conservative, etc
Politics▪ News delivers much political information▪ Can influence perceptions & outcomes
Criticisms▪ Lack of depth▪ Tasteless coverage of victims▪ Over coverage of tiresome stories ▪ Subjectivity/Bias
Radio Talk Shows Started as in studio interviews Today, telephones allow call in’s▪ Enhancing radio talk shows ▪ Involve in studio & audience
TV talk shows▪ 1947 Meet the press (Earliest TV talk show)▪ Interviews with political and social figures
Morning Talk Shows (Like Today show)▪ Interviews news, features, weather, etc
Evening Talk Shows (Like Tonight Show)▪ Start with a comical monologue▪ Followed by interviews▪ Focus on celebrity figures
Daytime Talk shows▪ More variety▪ Celebrities, unknown people, unusual stories
Part of Radio & Television▪ Since their beginning
▪ No consistent paid advertising▪ Request for donations are made
▪ Network may be ▪ One denomination▪ Interdenominational
Evangelistic nature of programs▪ Led to term televangelism
▪ Scandals have occurred over time▪ But today the industry is strong
Started on radio Saturday morning & mid afternoon▪ Why these times?
Children's TV Started with use of puppets▪ Such as (Howdy Doody)▪ What is the longest running kids show on commercial network TV?