Chapter 8 Section 2 The Crisis Deepens. The Birth of the Republican Party Reaction to Kansas Nebraska Act Reaction to Kansas Nebraska Act –Whigs and Democrats.

Chapter 8Chapter 8

Section 2 The Crisis DeepensSection 2 The Crisis Deepens

The Birth of the Republican Party

Reaction to Kansas Nebraska ActReaction to Kansas Nebraska Act– Whigs and Democrats splitWhigs and Democrats split

Anger over Kansas Nebraska Act Anger over Kansas Nebraska Act caused many to work togethercaused many to work together– Former Whigs, members of the Free Soil Former Whigs, members of the Free Soil

Party, few antislavery Democrats took Party, few antislavery Democrats took many names one of the new popular many names one of the new popular coalitions: coalitions: Republican PartyRepublican Party

~Republicans Organize~Republicans Organize

July 1854 Republicans officially July 1854 Republicans officially organizedorganized

Intentions: Intentions: – Revive the spirit of the American Revive the spirit of the American

RevolutionRevolution– Feared Southern planters were becoming Feared Southern planters were becoming

an aristocracy that controlled the federal an aristocracy that controlled the federal governmentgovernment

– Agreed slavery should be kept out of the Agreed slavery should be kept out of the territoriesterritories

~The Know Nothings~The Know Nothings

At the same time the Republicans were At the same time the Republicans were making great strides- the American Party making great strides- the American Party AKA the Know Nothings were too. AKA the Know Nothings were too.

American Party:American Party:– Anti-Catholic, nativist Anti-Catholic, nativist – Prejudice and fear of immigrants taking jobs Prejudice and fear of immigrants taking jobs

gave this party powergave this party power– Kansas Nebraska Act split this party too and Kansas Nebraska Act split this party too and

the Northern Know Nothings were absorbed the Northern Know Nothings were absorbed into the Republican Partyinto the Republican Party

The Election of 1856The Election of 1856

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

The Election of 1856The Election of 1856 John C. Fremont: Republican nominationJohn C. Fremont: Republican nomination

– Little political experienceLittle political experience– Spoke in favor of Kansas becoming a free stateSpoke in favor of Kansas becoming a free state

James Buchanan: DemocratJames Buchanan: Democrat– Served in congress for 20 yearsServed in congress for 20 years– American ambassador to Russia then Great Britain American ambassador to Russia then Great Britain – Had not taken a stand on the issue (Kansas Nebraska)Had not taken a stand on the issue (Kansas Nebraska)– His record showed that he had voted in favor of His record showed that he had voted in favor of

southern concessions to preserve the unionsouthern concessions to preserve the union Millard Fillmore: American PartyMillard Fillmore: American Party

– Tried to attract former WhigsTried to attract former Whigs Campaign was two separate contests:Campaign was two separate contests:

– Buchanan v. Fremont (North)Buchanan v. Fremont (North)– Buchanan v. Fillmore (South)Buchanan v. Fillmore (South)

Sectional Divisions GrowSectional Divisions GrowDred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

March 1857 Buchanan March 1857 Buchanan said the Supreme said the Supreme Court should decide Court should decide the issue of slaverythe issue of slavery

Southern members Southern members had “quietly” had “quietly” pressured members pressured members into ruling in favor of into ruling in favor of the souththe south

Scott was an enslaved Scott was an enslaved man whose Missouri man whose Missouri slaveholder had taken slaveholder had taken him to live in a free him to live in a free territory before territory before returning to Missourireturning to Missouri

He sued and it went to He sued and it went to the Supreme Courtthe Supreme Court

March 6, 1857 ruled March 6, 1857 ruled against Scott claiming against Scott claiming he was an African he was an African America therefore not America therefore not a citizen and could not a citizen and could not suesue

Decision further Decision further intensified the intensified the sectional conflictsectional conflict

Democrats cheeredDemocrats cheered Republicans Republicans

condemned condemned

~Kansas’s Lecompton Constitution~Kansas’s Lecompton Constitution Kansas was urged to apply for statehoodKansas was urged to apply for statehood Proslavery legislature scheduled an Proslavery legislature scheduled an

election for delegates to a constitutional election for delegates to a constitutional conventionconvention

Antislavery Kansas delegates boycotted itAntislavery Kansas delegates boycotted it The resulting constitution legalized slavery The resulting constitution legalized slavery

in the territoryin the territory Each side held its own referendum Each side held its own referendum

(popular vote) (popular vote) Buchanan approved the proslavery vote Buchanan approved the proslavery vote

and asked Congress to admit and asked Congress to admit – Senate accepted-HOR blocked itSenate accepted-HOR blocked it

Allowed another referendum and decided Allowed another referendum and decided if the constitution was voted down if the constitution was voted down statehood would be delayed. statehood would be delayed.

Kansas did not become a state until 1861Kansas did not become a state until 1861

Lincoln and DouglasLincoln and Douglas 1858 Illinois Republicans 1858 Illinois Republicans

chose an unknown chose an unknown (Abraham Lincoln) to run (Abraham Lincoln) to run for Senate against for Senate against Democrat Stephen A. Democrat Stephen A. DouglasDouglas

Douglas was a prominent Douglas was a prominent man that drew large man that drew large crowdscrowds

Lincoln needed to Lincoln needed to overcome Douglas’s overcome Douglas’s fame so he proposed a fame so he proposed a series of debates to series of debates to expose himself to larger expose himself to larger audiencesaudiences

Lincoln-little experience, Lincoln-little experience, lawyer, state legislature, lawyer, state legislature, a single term in House of a single term in House of Reps. as a member of the Reps. as a member of the Whig Party Whig Party

Not an abolitionist, Not an abolitionist, believed slavery to be believed slavery to be morally wrong and morally wrong and opposed the spread into opposed the spread into w. territoriesw. territories

Gifted debaterGifted debater

Lincoln and Douglas: Lincoln and Douglas: the the debate for senatedebate for senate

LincolnLincoln Thought slavery to be Thought slavery to be

morally wrongmorally wrong Asked Douglas “if people Asked Douglas “if people

of a territory could legally of a territory could legally exclude slavery before exclude slavery before achieving statehood”achieving statehood”

Attacked Douglas’s claim Attacked Douglas’s claim that he cared not whether that he cared not whether Kansans voted for or Kansans voted for or against slavery which against slavery which denounced the “modern denounced the “modern democratic idea that democratic idea that slavery is as good as slavery is as good as freedom”freedom”

DouglasDouglas Popular sovereigntyPopular sovereignty Freeport Doctrine-he Freeport Doctrine-he

accepted Dred Scott accepted Dred Scott decision, argued people decision, argued people could still keep slavery could still keep slavery out by refusing to pass out by refusing to pass the laws needed to the laws needed to regulate and enforce itregulate and enforce it

““Slavery cannot exist Slavery cannot exist anywhere… unless it is anywhere… unless it is supported by police supported by police regulations”regulations”

Won the electionWon the election

John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid

Harper’s Ferry, 1859 AbolitionistAbolitionist

Brown’s raid proved that Brown’s raid proved that slaveholders were not safeslaveholders were not safe“Defend yourselves!”-“Defend yourselves!”-Georgia senator Robert Georgia senator Robert ToombsToombs

Developed a plan to seize Developed a plan to seize a federal arsenal, free a federal arsenal, free and arm slaves and begin and arm slaves and begin an insurrection against an insurrection against slaveholdersslaveholders

Oct. 16, 1859 with 18 Oct. 16, 1859 with 18 followers he seized the followers he seized the arsenalarsenal

Hours later he was faced Hours later he was faced with marines led by with marines led by Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

He was captured, tried He was captured, tried and sentenced to deathand sentenced to death

ReviewReview

What new political party arose at the time of the election What new political party arose at the time of the election of 1854? of 1854? What do they declare their intentions to be?What do they declare their intentions to be?Who were the know-nothings?Who were the know-nothings?Who won the election of 1856? Who won the election of 1856? Who was Dred Scott? Describe what happened to him.Who was Dred Scott? Describe what happened to him.What was Kansas’s Lecompton Constitution?What was Kansas’s Lecompton Constitution?Describe John Brown’s Raid.Describe John Brown’s Raid.