Chapter 8 Section 2 The Crisis Deepens. New Political Parties Emerge By the end of 1856, the nation’s political landscape had drastically changed Whigs.

Chapter 8 Section 2 The Crisis Deepens

New Political Parties Emerge By the end of 1856, the nations political landscape had drastically changed Whigs split over slavery Northern Conscience Whigs Southern Cotton Whigs Democrats alive yet scarred split over slavery Northern Democrats Southern Democrats

A. Slavery Divided Whigs Founded in 1834 as a reaction to Andrew Jackson long divided over the issue of slavery COTTON vs CONSCIENCE Division issue over slavery Widening gap Election of 1852 & Fugitive Slave Act Conscience Whigs supported Winfield Scott Cotton whigs supported him to portray the union even though he supported fugitive slave act Democrat Franklin Pierce won the Election Final Demise Kansas Nebraska Act

B. NATIVISM the favoring of native born people over immigrants Beliefs Feared papal power growing Catholicism Resisted the growth of immigrants Stronger immigration laws Order of the Star Spangled Banner Party created by the nativists aka American Party or Know Nothing Party Know Nothing Party Anti - Catholic Opposed Immigration Especially Catholic Immagration

The Know-Nothings [The American Party]

How is the issue of immigration different or the same today as it was in 1856?

Anti Slavery Parties Form A. Liberty Party formed in 1844 platform to pursue the cause of abolition by passing new laws ( effected the election of 1844 bt Clay & Polk) Free Soil Party opposed the extension of slavery into the territories Chose Martin Van Buren in 1848 failed to win any of the electoral vote won 10% of popular vote ** NOT ABOLITIONISTS objected to ending slavery on economic grounds did not want slavery to extend

1852 Presidential Election Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852 Election Results

Societys Efforts to Stop Slavery Underground Railroad created by Harriet Tubman + conductors to evacuate slaves from South- almost 50,000 slaves saved by railroad Tubman rescued over 300 slaves after her escape

The Issue of Slavery RACISM RULED throughout country Abolitionists racist by modern standards Churches, schools, cemeteries wouldnt accept them workers didnt trust them worried about their own jobs Mistreated in South Girls used + sold as breeders for more slaves Southerners see their slaves as property, which could be moved with them to new lands

Dred Scott Decision (1857) - FACTS: * Scott sued for his freedom. He claimed that he should be a free man since he lived in a free territory (WI) for four years. Dred Scott

A: NO SUPREME COURT DECISIONS: Q: Was Scott a U.S. citizen with the right to sue? A: NO Q: Did living in a free territory make Scott a free man? A: NO Q: Did Congress have the right to outlaw slavery in any territory?

The Missouri Compromise was found to be unconstitutional. RESULTS: Dred Scott was not given his freedom. Open to slavery through popular sovereignty (Compromise of 1850) Open to slavery through popular sovereignty (KS-NE Act) Missouri Compromise line is declared unconstitutional (Dred Scott Decision)

How did the Dred Scott decision contribute to the growing split between North and South?

C. JULY 6 1854 the Republican party was organized in Jackson, Michigan Members Free soilers Antislavery democrats Nativists Temperance supporters Beliefs Opposed the Kansas Nebraska Act Opposed the spread of slavery

Bleeding Kansas Situation Kansas was the first testing/ battling ground for new law Bleeding Kansas 1. March 1855 Kansas had enough to hold an election to establish territorial legislature David Atchinson Lecompton Constitution May 21, 1856 Sack of Lawrence Pottawatamie Massacre Violence in the Senate Caning of Charles Sumner

Bleeding Kansas

Lecompton Constitution A. Fall of 1857 pro-slavery govt at Lecompton wrote a constitution and applied for admission (slave state) i. Kansas had 60,000 plus in pop. however it was 10 to 1 in favor of freesoliers --- ii. President Buchannon endorsed the Lecompton Constitution iii. Stephen Douglas outraged said it was against the Kansas/ Nebraska Act allowed for popular sovereignty

Douglas persuaded Congress to authorize another referendum on the Lecompton Constitution --- voters rejected the Constitution Kansas will enter as a Free State Douglas a hero

Lincoln/ Douglas Debates 1858 race for Senate in the state of Illinois featured 2 term incumbent Stephen Douglas & former Whig Congressman now Republican Abraham Lincoln. ** to gain recognition Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of 7 open air debates

Douglas Little Giant Stocky and energetic Spoke with his hands, dramatically, pounding on the podium with fists, pacing dressed in sharp clothes, used impressive language Beliefs believed that popular sovereignty was correct method in handling slavery

Lincoln 64 tall, gangly, wore a stove piped hat, dressed in plain, rumpled clothes, former lawyer, politician, spoke in plain language Beliefs believed slavery to be immoral/ labor system based on greed he was opposed to the spread of slavery didnt expect southerners to give up slavery

2 nd Debate Freeport, Illinois Freeport Doctrine L Could the settlers of a territory vote to exclude slavery before that territory became a state? (Dredd Scott) D Slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere, unless it is supported by local police regulations. Douglas will win the Senate, but now some Republicans view Lincoln as an excellent candidate for Presidency.

What were the Positions of Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln on slavery?

1859 John Brown had dedicated his life to freeing the slave leading a rebellion it was his calling and he believed the time to be ripe. October 16, 1859 led a band of men black/ white into Harpers Ferry, Va. Wanted to seize the Federal Arsenal Distribute arms to slaves No rebellion occurred slaves were scared 8 of Browns men killed Couple of Days later Col. Robert E. Lee killed 2 more men and captured Brown and his surviving men Brown was hanged December 2, 1859

John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry, 1859

In what ways might a Northerner and a Southerner view John Browns Action differently?

Use the graphic organizer below to list the causes of the growing tensions between the south and the north Growing Tensions

Chapter 8 Section 2 The Crisis Deepens. New Political Parties Emerge By the end of 1856, the nation’s political landscape had drastically changed Whigs.

Documents

dred scott slide

american party slide

escape slide

extension of slavery

slavery divided whigs

issue of slavery racism

new lands slide

catholic immagration