Chapter 8 Creating the Constitution After declaring independence in 1776, Congress tries to unite the states under one national government. Their first.

Chapter 8 Creating the Constitution Chapter 8 Creating the Constitution *After declaring independence in 1776, Congress

tries to unite the states under one national

government.

*Their first attempt is known as the Articles of

Confederation.

The Articles create a “firm league of friendship”

between the states.

*The Articles give Congress the power to make

war, raise an army and navy, print money,

and set up a postal system for delivering mail.

*However, Congress does not have the power to

impose taxes, and this makes the Articles of

Confederation a useless system of governing.

*In this chapter you will learn how Congress

comes together in 1787 to create the United

States Constitution.

*After declaring independence in 1776, Congress

tries to unite the states under one national

government.

*Their first attempt is known as the Articles of

Confederation.

The Articles create a “firm league of friendship”

between the states.

*The Articles give Congress the power to make

war, raise an army and navy, print money,

and set up a postal system for delivering mail.

*However, Congress does not have the power to

impose taxes, and this makes the Articles of

Confederation a useless system of governing.

*In this chapter you will learn how Congress

comes together in 1787 to create the United

States Constitution.

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Test PrepTest Prep

The Articles of Confederation did all of the following except

A) serve as the first plan of government for the United States.

B) form a loose union of the states. C) divide power among three branches of government. D) give Congress power to make war and peace.

Answer: C) divide power among three branches of government.

The Articles of Confederation did all of the following except

A) serve as the first plan of government for the United States.

B) form a loose union of the states. C) divide power among three branches of government. D) give Congress power to make war and peace.

Answer: C) divide power among three branches of government.

8.2 Early Quarrels and Accomplishments8.2 Early Quarrels and Accomplishments*Even before the Revolutionary War ends, States are quarrelling over taxes on goodsthat crossed state borders and over boundary lines.*Under the Articles of Confederation,Congress has no power to do anything about that.Developing Western Lands*To end confusion and disputes over settling and developing western lands,Congress does pass the Land Ordinance of 1785.Under this law, lands are divided into town-ships of six-mile squares. Each township is then divided into 36 sections of 640 acres each. *By 1787 Congress is ready to sell sections of the Ohio Valley known as the NorthwestTerritory to settlers. But are they to be colonies or new states?

*Even before the Revolutionary War ends, States are quarrelling over taxes on goodsthat crossed state borders and over boundary lines.*Under the Articles of Confederation,Congress has no power to do anything about that.Developing Western Lands*To end confusion and disputes over settling and developing western lands,Congress does pass the Land Ordinance of 1785.Under this law, lands are divided into town-ships of six-mile squares. Each township is then divided into 36 sections of 640 acres each. *By 1787 Congress is ready to sell sections of the Ohio Valley known as the NorthwestTerritory to settlers. But are they to be colonies or new states?



Ch. 8.2 Continued…Ch. 8.2 Continued…The Northwest Ordinance

*Congress answers this question with

the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.

*This law divides the Northwest

Territory into smaller territories, each

governed by a territorial governor.

*As soon as a territory has 5,000 free

adult males, it can elect its own

legislature.

*When the population reaches 60,000,

it can apply for statehood.

*The Ordinance gives settlers the same

rights as other citizens, except the right

to practice slavery.

The Northwest Ordinance

*Congress answers this question with

the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.

*This law divides the Northwest

Territory into smaller territories, each

governed by a territorial governor.

*As soon as a territory has 5,000 free

adult males, it can elect its own

legislature.

*When the population reaches 60,000,

it can apply for statehood.

*The Ordinance gives settlers the same

rights as other citizens, except the right

to practice slavery.



8.3 Shay’s Rebellion and the Need for Change8.3 Shay’s Rebellion and the Need for Change*Under the Articles, the new nation has Massachusetts

serious money problems. Currency

*Paper money printed by Congress

during the war is useless.

*Not enough gold or silver to mint

coins.

*States begin printing their own paper

money.

*No one knows what the currencies

are worth.

Massachusetts Farmers Rebel

*Farmers cannot pay their debts and

taxes.

*Judges in Massachusetts order farmersto sell land and livestock to pay off their Daniel Shays closes down courthouses

debts.

*Under the Articles, the new nation has Massachusetts

serious money problems. Currency

*Paper money printed by Congress

during the war is useless.

*Not enough gold or silver to mint

coins.

*States begin printing their own paper

money.

*No one knows what the currencies

are worth.

Massachusetts Farmers Rebel

*Farmers cannot pay their debts and

taxes.

*Judges in Massachusetts order farmersto sell land and livestock to pay off their Daniel Shays closes down courthouses

debts.





Ch. 8.3 Continued…Ch. 8.3 Continued…*Daniel Shays leads a rebellion of

Massachusetts farmers.

*Shays and his followers close down

courthouses to keep judges from

taking their farms.

*Then they march on the national

arsenal at Springfield and seize

weapons stored there.

*Massachusetts sends militia to

Springfield to restore order.

*Many Americans see this as proof

that the nation is falling apart.

*Daniel Shays leads a rebellion of

Massachusetts farmers.

*Shays and his followers close down

courthouses to keep judges from

taking their farms.

*Then they march on the national

arsenal at Springfield and seize

weapons stored there.

*Massachusetts sends militia to

Springfield to restore order.

*Many Americans see this as proof

that the nation is falling apart.







Ch. 8.3 Continued…Ch. 8.3 Continued…A Call for a Convention

*Congress is shocked into calling for a

convention to consider “the situation of

the United States.”

*May 1787 each states sends delegates

to Philadelphia.

More than fifty delegates

from 12 states gather at

the Philadelphia State

House to begin writing

the Constitution of the

United States.

Rhode Island did not send

representatives because

It was afraid of losing its

States’ rights.

A Call for a Convention

*Congress is shocked into calling for a

convention to consider “the situation of

the United States.”

*May 1787 each states sends delegates

to Philadelphia.

More than fifty delegates

from 12 states gather at

the Philadelphia State

House to begin writing

the Constitution of the

United States.

Rhode Island did not send

representatives because

It was afraid of losing its

States’ rights.



Test PrepTest Prep

Shay’s Rebellion is remembered today because it A) threatened law and order in Massachusetts. B) dramatized the money problems faced by poor

farmers. C) shocked Congress into calling for a Constitutional

Convention. D) showed how well the Articles of Confederation

worked. Answer: C) shocked Congress into calling for a

Constitutional Convention.

Shay’s Rebellion is remembered today because it A) threatened law and order in Massachusetts. B) dramatized the money problems faced by poor

farmers. C) shocked Congress into calling for a Constitutional

Convention. D) showed how well the Articles of Confederation

worked. Answer: C) shocked Congress into calling for a

Constitutional Convention.

Ch. 8.4 Opening the Constitutional ConventionCh. 8.4 Opening the Constitutional Convention*May 25, 1787 Constitutional Conventionmeets for the first time.*Delegate’s first action is to elect George Sam Adams

Washington president of the convention.The Delegates*Fifty-five delegates from 12 states attend the convention. *Rhode Island boycotts the meeting becauseit fears a strong national government will endanger the rights of states.*Others who agree with Rhode Island includeSam Adams, John Hancock, and Patrick Henry, John Hancock

so they do not attend either.*As a group, the delegates are mostly young, well educated and well-to-do.*More than 2/3 are lawyers. Patrick Henry

*More than 1/3 own slaves.

*May 25, 1787 Constitutional Conventionmeets for the first time.*Delegate’s first action is to elect George Sam Adams

Washington president of the convention.The Delegates*Fifty-five delegates from 12 states attend the convention. *Rhode Island boycotts the meeting becauseit fears a strong national government will endanger the rights of states.*Others who agree with Rhode Island includeSam Adams, John Hancock, and Patrick Henry, John Hancock

so they do not attend either.*As a group, the delegates are mostly young, well educated and well-to-do.*More than 2/3 are lawyers. Patrick Henry

*More than 1/3 own slaves.







8.4 Continued…8.4 Continued…The Father of the Constitution

*James Madison addresses the convention

more than 200 times.

*His influence is so great that he will later

be called the “Father of the Constitution.”

*His notes tell us what went on inside the

convention day by day.

The Rule of Secrecy*After choosing a president, the delegates James Madison, the

vote on rules for the convention. “Father of the Constitution,”

*Most important is the rule of secrecy. goes on to become the 4th

*They agree to keep secret whatever is president of the United

said until the convention is over. States.

The Father of the Constitution

*James Madison addresses the convention

more than 200 times.

*His influence is so great that he will later

be called the “Father of the Constitution.”

*His notes tell us what went on inside the

convention day by day.

The Rule of Secrecy*After choosing a president, the delegates James Madison, the

vote on rules for the convention. “Father of the Constitution,”

*Most important is the rule of secrecy. goes on to become the 4th

*They agree to keep secret whatever is president of the United

said until the convention is over. States.



8.4 Continued…8.4 Continued…Shared Beliefs and Clashing Views

*The delegates have much in common, but

they also have different views on many

issues facing the new nation.

*They share the belief in the rights to “life,

liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

*These beliefs reflect the ideas of the

Enlightenment.

*The delegates believe the best way to

protect these rights is through some form

of republic.

*Since the colonies were started, Americans

have participated in their own governments.

After the revolution, all states adopt their own

constitutions that embrace republican beliefs.

Shared Beliefs and Clashing Views

*The delegates have much in common, but

they also have different views on many

issues facing the new nation.

*They share the belief in the rights to “life,

liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

*These beliefs reflect the ideas of the

Enlightenment.

*The delegates believe the best way to

protect these rights is through some form

of republic.

*Since the colonies were started, Americans

have participated in their own governments.

After the revolution, all states adopt their own

constitutions that embrace republican beliefs.

Enlightenment: the “Age ofReason” in 17th and 18thCentury Europe. Enlightenment thinkers emphasized using rational thought to discover the truths about nature and society.

Republic: a country governedby elected representatives.

Constitution: a written plan that provides the basic framework of a government.

8.4 Continued…8.4 Continued…

*Many questions need to be resolved:

-Who should have a say in a

representative government?

-How powerful should the national

government be?

-Will a strong national government

threaten individual liberty?

-If the national government is too

weak, will it be able to protect its

citizens?

*Many questions need to be resolved:

-Who should have a say in a

representative government?

-How powerful should the national

government be?

-Will a strong national government

threaten individual liberty?

-If the national government is too

weak, will it be able to protect its

citizens?



Test PrepTest Prep

James Madison is known as the “Father of the Constitution” because

A) he was the oldest and wisest of the delegates to the convention. B) he took notes on everything said during the convention. C) he studied modern and ancient governments to see what

worked. D) his influence on the Constitutional Convention was so great.

Answer: D) his influence on the Constitutional Convention was so great.

James Madison is known as the “Father of the Constitution” because

A) he was the oldest and wisest of the delegates to the convention. B) he took notes on everything said during the convention. C) he studied modern and ancient governments to see what

worked. D) his influence on the Constitutional Convention was so great.

Answer: D) his influence on the Constitutional Convention was so great.

Ch. 8.5 Issue: How Should States Be Represented in the New Government?Ch. 8.5 Issue: How Should States Be

Represented in the New Government?*Virginia delegation presents the convention a

new plan of government to replace the Articles.

*Delegates divided on one key issue: Should the

government’s power come from the states or

from the people?

Virginia Plan

*Calls for strong national government with three

branches:

-Legislative branch (Congress) will make laws.

-Executive branch will enforce laws.

-Judicial branch (courts) will interpret the laws.

*Under the Virginia Plan, Congress will be made up of two houses,

the House of Representatives and the Senate.

*Each state will send representatives to Congress based on its population.

*States with larger populations like this plan.

*Virginia delegation presents the convention a

new plan of government to replace the Articles.

*Delegates divided on one key issue: Should the

government’s power come from the states or

from the people?

Virginia Plan

*Calls for strong national government with three

branches:

-Legislative branch (Congress) will make laws.

-Executive branch will enforce laws.

-Judicial branch (courts) will interpret the laws.

*Under the Virginia Plan, Congress will be made up of two houses,

the House of Representatives and the Senate.

*Each state will send representatives to Congress based on its population.

*States with larger populations like this plan.



8.5 Continued…8.5 Continued…The New Jersey Plan

*Delegates from small states do not like

the Virginia Plan.

*New Jersey comes up with their own

plan.

*New Jersey plan will have three

branches, but the legislative branch

will have just one house, not two.

*That way each state will have an equal

vote in Congress.

The New Jersey Plan

*Delegates from small states do not like

the Virginia Plan.

*New Jersey comes up with their own

plan.

*New Jersey plan will have three

branches, but the legislative branch

will have just one house, not two.

*That way each state will have an equal

vote in Congress.



Test PrepTest Prep

An important challenge facing the Constitutional Convention was how to balance the

A) needs of eastern and western states. B) interests of large and small states. C) rights of slaves and slaveholders. D) demands of farmers and workers.

Answers: B) interests of large and small states.

An important challenge facing the Constitutional Convention was how to balance the

A) needs of eastern and western states. B) interests of large and small states. C) rights of slaves and slaveholders. D) demands of farmers and workers.

Answers: B) interests of large and small states.

Test PrepTest Prep

Both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans called for A) three branches of government. B) two houses of Congress. C) an elected president. D) an end to the slave trade.

Answer: A) three branches of government.

Both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans called for A) three branches of government. B) two houses of Congress. C) an elected president. D) an end to the slave trade.

Answer: A) three branches of government.

Ch. 8.6 Resolution: The Great CompromiseCh. 8.6 Resolution: The Great CompromiseTempers Rise

*The debate over who Congress should represent

continues into July.

*States with large populations favor Virginia Plan.

*States with small populations favor New Jersey Plan.

*Small states fear large states will try to crush them.

*Large states fear small states may find some

foreign ally who will defend them.

*Convention reaches a crisis point.

A Compromise is Reached

*Roger Sherman of Connecticut puts forth a compromise.

*Congress will have two houses.

*In the House of Representatives, the number of representatives from each

state will be based on the state’s population.

*In the Senate, each state will have two Senators to be elected by their state

legislatures. This plan comes to be known as the Great Compromise.

Tempers Rise

*The debate over who Congress should represent

continues into July.

*States with large populations favor Virginia Plan.

*States with small populations favor New Jersey Plan.

*Small states fear large states will try to crush them.

*Large states fear small states may find some

foreign ally who will defend them.

*Convention reaches a crisis point.

A Compromise is Reached

*Roger Sherman of Connecticut puts forth a compromise.

*Congress will have two houses.

*In the House of Representatives, the number of representatives from each

state will be based on the state’s population.

*In the Senate, each state will have two Senators to be elected by their state

legislatures. This plan comes to be known as the Great Compromise.





Test PrepTest Prep

The Great Compromise was primarily related to A) representation in Congress. B) election of the president. C) selection of Supreme Court justices. D) checks and balances.

Answer: A) representation in Congress.

The Great Compromise was primarily related to A) representation in Congress. B) election of the president. C) selection of Supreme Court justices. D) checks and balances.

Answer: A) representation in Congress.

Ch. 8.7 Issue: How Should Slaves Be Counted?Ch. 8.7 Issue: How Should Slaves Be Counted?*Next issue the convention faces is

how to count slaves as part of a

state’s population.

People or Property?

*At the time of the convention, nine

tenths of slaves live in the South.

*Southerners want slaves counted

as people so they can have more

representatives in the House.

*Unless slaves are to be given the

same rights as whites, northern

delegates want them counted as

property. Slave Population As Percentage Of State

Population

*Next issue the convention faces is

how to count slaves as part of a

state’s population.

People or Property?

*At the time of the convention, nine

tenths of slaves live in the South.

*Southerners want slaves counted

as people so they can have more

representatives in the House.

*Unless slaves are to be given the

same rights as whites, northern

delegates want them counted as

property. Slave Population As Percentage Of State

Population



8.7 Continued…8.7 Continued…New Thinking on Slavery*The Declaration of Independence forcedmany whites to reexamine their views onslavery.*Some now see it as a great evil.*Benjamin Franklin becomes president ofan anti-slavery society.*Yet most southerners are uneasy aboutgiving up the institution of slavery because Slave Poster

their economy depends on it.*The question facing the framers is how far they can take this new thinking in a nation that is becoming half-slave and half-free.

Benjamin Franklin, 1787

New Thinking on Slavery*The Declaration of Independence forcedmany whites to reexamine their views onslavery.*Some now see it as a great evil.*Benjamin Franklin becomes president ofan anti-slavery society.*Yet most southerners are uneasy aboutgiving up the institution of slavery because Slave Poster

their economy depends on it.*The question facing the framers is how far they can take this new thinking in a nation that is becoming half-slave and half-free.

Benjamin Franklin, 1787





Ch. 8.8 Resolution: The Three-Fifths CompromiseCh. 8.8 Resolution: The Three-Fifths Compromise*After bitter debate, James

Madison proposes a

compromise: count each

slave as three fifths of a

person.

*This becomes known as

the three-fifths compromise.

*After bitter debate, James

Madison proposes a

compromise: count each

slave as three fifths of a

person.

*This becomes known as

the three-fifths compromise. QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor


8.8 Continued…8.8 Continued…The Slave Trade*Northern delegates favor giving Congress broad power to controltrade of products between the statesand other countries.*Southern delegates fear Congress may try to tax southern exports suchas rice and tobacco, and may eventually outlaw the trading of slaves.*Compromise is reached. Congress willhave the power to control trade, but with two limitations:1) Congress cannot place any tax on exports going to other countries.2) Congress cannot interfere with the slave trade for 20 years, or until 1808.*Delegates also agree to a provision known as the Fugitive Slave clause:Escaped slaves have to be returned to their owners, even if they are caught in freestate.

The Slave Trade*Northern delegates favor giving Congress broad power to controltrade of products between the statesand other countries.*Southern delegates fear Congress may try to tax southern exports suchas rice and tobacco, and may eventually outlaw the trading of slaves.*Compromise is reached. Congress willhave the power to control trade, but with two limitations:1) Congress cannot place any tax on exports going to other countries.2) Congress cannot interfere with the slave trade for 20 years, or until 1808.*Delegates also agree to a provision known as the Fugitive Slave clause:Escaped slaves have to be returned to their owners, even if they are caught in freestate.



Ch. 8.9 Issue: How Should the Chief Executive Be Elected?Ch. 8.9 Issue: How Should the Chief Executive Be Elected?

*Next issue is who will head the new

government’s executive branch?

One Executive or Three?

*Some argue that three people can lead

the country better than one.

*Some fear that a single leader may be

too ambitious or too eager for war.*In spite of these concerns, the framers Article II: The Executive Branch

agree to a single executive, to be called

the president.

Choosing the Chief Executive

*Some delegates want Congress to appoint the president.

*Some delegates want the people to choose the president.

*Some delegates want the president to be elected by a special group of

“electors” from each state.

*Next issue is who will head the new

government’s executive branch?

One Executive or Three?

*Some argue that three people can lead

the country better than one.

*Some fear that a single leader may be

too ambitious or too eager for war.*In spite of these concerns, the framers Article II: The Executive Branch

agree to a single executive, to be called

the president.

Choosing the Chief Executive

*Some delegates want Congress to appoint the president.

*Some delegates want the people to choose the president.

*Some delegates want the president to be elected by a special group of

“electors” from each state.



Ch. 8.10 Resolution: The Electoral CollegeCh. 8.10 Resolution: The Electoral College

*After many unsuccessful votes, the framers

reach another compromise: a special body

called the Electoral College will elect the

government’s leaders.

The Electoral College System

*Made up of electors who cast votes to elect

the president and vice president every four

years.

*Each state has as many electors as senators

and representatives in Congress.

*Electors are chosen by state legislatures

until the 1820’s. Today, people choose their state’s electors when they vote in

presidential elections.

*Originally, the top two candidates become president and vice president.

*After many unsuccessful votes, the framers

reach another compromise: a special body

called the Electoral College will elect the

government’s leaders.

The Electoral College System

*Made up of electors who cast votes to elect

the president and vice president every four

years.

*Each state has as many electors as senators

and representatives in Congress.

*Electors are chosen by state legislatures

until the 1820’s. Today, people choose their state’s electors when they vote in

presidential elections.

*Originally, the top two candidates become president and vice president.



8.10 Continued…8.10 Continued…Political Parties and Elections

*Within a few years of the convention,

political parties are nominating candidates

for president .

*Electoral College system still affects

presidential elections today.

In most states the candidate who gets

the most votes gets all of the electoral

votes.

*As a result, a candidate can win a majority

in the Electoral College without winning the

popular vote of the people.

Political Parties and Elections

*Within a few years of the convention,

political parties are nominating candidates

for president .

*Electoral College system still affects

presidential elections today.

In most states the candidate who gets

the most votes gets all of the electoral

votes.

*As a result, a candidate can win a majority

in the Electoral College without winning the

popular vote of the people.





Election of 2000 between Democrat Al Gore and Republican George W

Bush. Gore won the popular vote, but Bush won the Electoral College

vote and became president.

Election of 2000 between Democrat Al Gore and Republican George W

Bush. Gore won the popular vote, but Bush won the Electoral College

vote and became president.



Test PrepTest Prep

The Constitutional Convention gave the job of choosing a chief executive to

A) major political parties. B) electors chosen by the states. C) state legislatures and governors. D) members of Congress.

Answer: B) electors chosen by the states.

The Constitutional Convention gave the job of choosing a chief executive to

A) major political parties. B) electors chosen by the states. C) state legislatures and governors. D) members of Congress.

Answer: B) electors chosen by the states.

Ch. 8.11 The Convention EndsCh. 8.11 The Convention EndsApproving the Constitution

*Framers decide that 9 states must ratify

the Constitution before it can go into effect.

*Framers decide that each state will ratify

the Constitution at special state conventions.

Signing the Constitution

*September 17, 1787 delegates declare the

Constitution complete.

*38 of the original 55 delegates sign the

Constitution.

*A new era is about to begin for the

United States.

Approving the Constitution

*Framers decide that 9 states must ratify

the Constitution before it can go into effect.

*Framers decide that each state will ratify

the Constitution at special state conventions.

Signing the Constitution

*September 17, 1787 delegates declare the

Constitution complete.

*38 of the original 55 delegates sign the

Constitution.

*A new era is about to begin for the

United States.





Ch. 8.12 The Constitution Goes to the NationCh. 8.12 The Constitution Goes to the Nation*Newspapers in every state print the

Constitution as soon as they can get it.

*Entire country debates how strong the

national government should be.

The Federalists

*Supporters of the Constitution.

*Want strong national government.

*James Madison, Alexander Hamilton,

John Jay.

*Three-branch system will ensure powers

are equally divided.

*Newspapers in every state print the

Constitution as soon as they can get it.

*Entire country debates how strong the

national government should be.

The Federalists

*Supporters of the Constitution.

*Want strong national government.

*James Madison, Alexander Hamilton,

John Jay.

*Three-branch system will ensure powers

are equally divided.









8.12 Continued…8.12 Continued…

The Anti-Federalists

*Oppose the Constitution.

*Congress will ruin the country

with taxes.

*President will rule like a king.

*Constitution does not list the

rights of the people.

*Fear giving up state’s powers

to form a stronger Union.

The Anti-Federalists

*Oppose the Constitution.

*Congress will ruin the country

with taxes.

*President will rule like a king.

*Constitution does not list the

rights of the people.

*Fear giving up state’s powers

to form a stronger Union.



Test PrepTest Prep

Supporters of the new Constitution were known as A) Republicans. B) Patriots. C) Anti-Federalists. D) Federalists.

Answer: D) Federalists.

Supporters of the new Constitution were known as A) Republicans. B) Patriots. C) Anti-Federalists. D) Federalists.

Answer: D) Federalists.

Ch. 8.13 SummaryCh. 8.13 Summary*Both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution that it replaced wereattempts to realize the ideals of the American Revolution and the Declarationof Independence.*The Articles of Confederation created a loose union of states under a weakcentral government.*The challenge was to create a government that was strong enough toguarantee the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, but not strongenough to take those rights away.*For four months 55 delegates argue over a number of issues.*In the end the framework created included a series of compromises including:1) How states were to be represented in the new legislative branch.2) How slaves were to be counted in determining a state’s population.3) Creating a single chief executive to be chosen by the Electoral College.*Federalists supported the Constitution.*Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution.*Now it was up to the people to decide.

*Both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution that it replaced wereattempts to realize the ideals of the American Revolution and the Declarationof Independence.*The Articles of Confederation created a loose union of states under a weakcentral government.*The challenge was to create a government that was strong enough toguarantee the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, but not strongenough to take those rights away.*For four months 55 delegates argue over a number of issues.*In the end the framework created included a series of compromises including:1) How states were to be represented in the new legislative branch.2) How slaves were to be counted in determining a state’s population.3) Creating a single chief executive to be chosen by the Electoral College.*Federalists supported the Constitution.*Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution.*Now it was up to the people to decide.

Look carefully at the sun painted on the

back of George Washington’s chair at

the Convention. Benjamin Franklin

wondered whether the sun was a rising

sun or a setting sun.

At the end of the Convention he

concluded that it was a rising sun.

What do you think Franklin meant by

that?

Look carefully at the sun painted on the

back of George Washington’s chair at

the Convention. Benjamin Franklin

wondered whether the sun was a rising

sun or a setting sun.

At the end of the Convention he

concluded that it was a rising sun.

What do you think Franklin meant by

that?QuickTime™ and a

TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Chapter 8 Creating the Constitution After declaring independence in 1776, Congress tries to unite the states under one national government. Their first.

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Chapter 8 Creating the Constitution *After declaring independence in 1776, Congress tries to unite the states under one national government. *Their first.

Chapter 8 Creating the Constitution After declaring independence in 1776, Congress tries to unite the states under one national government. Their first.