Chapter 8: Creating a Nation
Dec 16, 2015
The Bill of Rights (Dec 10, 1791)
1. Freedom of speech2. Right to bear arms3. Protection from quartering4. Unreasonable
search/seizure5. Due process6. Rights of the accused7. Trial by jury8. Unusual punishment9. Protection of non-BOR rights10. Power of states/people
The People DivideJeffersonian RepublicansFederalistsAlexander Hamilton (Treasury)
Domestic manufacturesGovernment / Entrepreneur allianceConservative distrust of the masses“1st Report on Public Credit”
Funding war debt (govt. bonds) – DEBATE!
Assumption of war debt – DEBATE!DEAL – Southern capital
Pennsylvania Abolition SocietyCongress had “no authority to
interfere”
The People DivideHamilton
introduces BANKOpposition from
SouthJefferson
UnconstitutionalPro-NorthImplied powers?
“2nd Report on Public Credit”Whiskey tax
Jay’s Controversial Treaty (1795)Britain promises w/d western
fortsBritain promises US access to
WIComplaints!
South = lost slave compensationWest = Brits didn’t actually
evacuateMerchant/Sailor = impressment
Treaty of San Lorenzo (1795)Thomas PinckneyMississippi River
boundary/navigation
The Election of 1796Discord in Washington’s cabinet
Jefferson and MadisonWashington’s farewell
Political divisions, entangling alliancesAdams (Federalist)
National governmentAnti-French (excessive democracy)
Jefferson (Jeffersonian Republican)Strict constitutionalistStates’ rights
Results: Adams (71); Adams (68)
The War Crisis with FranceFrench obstruction in
CaribbeanNegotiations
Agents X, Y, ZLoan / bribe
Federalists urge warWar preparationsRepeal of treaty of
1778Adams’ ambiguitiesAdams chooses peace
Controversial
The Alien and Sedition ActsNaturalization Act (1798)
Residence: 5 to 14 yearsAlien Act (1798)
Presidential expulsion of aliens
Alien Enemies Act (1798)Arrest, imprison, banish w/o
processSedition Act (1798)Timothy Pickering (S of S)
Launched investigations (witch hunt)
The Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsKentucky Resolution
Fed violation of Bill of Rights
“Nullification”Virginia Resolution
Madison“Duty bound to
interpose for arresting the progress of evil”
Civil war?
The “Revolution of 1800”“Republicanism or
aristocracy”Federalists: AdamsJeffersonians: Jefferson &
Aaron BurrResults
Jefferson (73), Burr (73)36 ballots to decide winner12th AmendmentJeffersonians’ in congressRegionalism“Peaceful transition of
government”
The Jeffersonians Take ControlWashington, D.C. (Nov 1800)Pierre L’Enfant & Benjamin
BannekerJefferson’s inauguration
“Equal and exact justice to all”Support of the statesMajority ruleCivil supremacy (over military)Reduction of govt. expendituresFreedom of pressHabeas corpus
The Jeffersonian VisionIndependent,
yeoman farmerSelf-reliantIndustriousPublic
consciousnessContradictions?
Industry = wealthWealth = inequalitySolution =
territorial expansion