Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Comprehension: Text Structures and Teaching Procedures This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: – any public performance or display including transmission of any image over a network; – preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; – any rental, lease, or lending of the program. © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Chapter 8Chapter 8
Comprehension: Text Structures and Teaching Procedures
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
– any public performance or display including transmission of any image over a network; – preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; – any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright Pearson Allyn & Bacon 2010
Chapter 8 Anticipation GuideChapter 8 Anticipation Guide
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Nature of TextNature of Text
• Content
• Organization – Microstructure -Propositions– Macrostructure
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Nature of TextNature of Text(Continued)(Continued)
• Narrative Text and Story Schema– Setting– Characters– Plot
• Story problem• Main character’s goals• Principal episodes• Resolution
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Figure 8.1: A Generic Story MapFigure 8.1: A Generic Story Map
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Nature of TextNature of Text(Continued)(Continued)
• Expository Text– Schema for expository text develops later– Greater variety of patterns– Less predictable– May be more difficult
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Nature of TextNature of Text(Continued)(Continued)
• Types of Expository Text Structures– Enumeration-Description– Time Sequence– Explanation-Process– Comparison-Contrast– Problem-Solution– Cause-Effect
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Figure 8.3: Graphic Organizer for Figure 8.3: Graphic Organizer for Enumeration-Description StructureEnumeration-Description Structure
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Nature of TextNature of Text(Continued)(Continued)
• Using Narrative and Expository Text for Mutual Support– Read narrative piece first before complex
expository topics– Can read expository first to introduce novels
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Role of Questions in Role of Questions in ComprehensionComprehension
• Develop Concepts, Background, Reasoning, Higher-Level Thinking
• Fosters Understanding & Retention
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Role of Questions in Role of Questions in Comprehension Comprehension (Continued)(Continued)
• Planning Questions
• Placement of Questions– Before reading: activate schema, set purpose– During reading: help process text– After reading: help organize & summarize– Embedded questions: help summarize,
reflect, & monitor
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Role of Questions in Role of Questions in Comprehension Comprehension (Continued)(Continued)
• Types of Questions– Comprehending– Organizing– Elaborating– Monitoring
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Role of Questions in Role of Questions in Comprehension Comprehension (Continued)(Continued)
• Using Wait Time
• Classroom Atmosphere
• Techniques for Asking Questions– FELS: Focusing, Lifting, Substantiating– Responsive elaboration– Other probes and prompts– Prompting ELLs; may need extra efforts
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Role of Questions in Role of Questions in Comprehension Comprehension (Continued)(Continued)
• Accountable Talk– Accountability to learning community– Accountability to knowledge– Accountability to rigorous thinking
• Think-Pair-Share– Turn and talk is simplified version
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Frameworks for Fostering ComprehensionFrameworks for Fostering Comprehension• Guided Reading (Directed Reading Activity)
–Introducing the Text• Developing background, concepts,
vocabulary, strategies• Setting purpose• Building interest
–Silent Reading–Discussion–Revisiting–Extending
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Frameworks for Fostering Frameworks for Fostering Comprehension Comprehension (Continued)(Continued)
• Guided Reading (continued)
– ELL students may need more support– Advanced students may need less support– Teachers must complete content analysis– Use story elements map with fiction
• Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DRTA)– More student-directed than guided reading
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The Cloze ProcedureThe Cloze Procedure• Nature & purpose of Cloze
– Assessing readability– Testing– Developing comprehension
• Classic Cloze– Teacher deletes words at random
• Scoring Cloze• Discussion for comprehension
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The Cloze Procedure The Cloze Procedure (Continued)(Continued)
• Constructing Cloze exercises– Number of deletions– Types of deletions– Location of deletions
• Variations– Oral– Word masking– Modified
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Critical ReadingCritical Reading• Nature & importance
– Affective and cognitive skill
• Uses of language
• Understanding factual statements and opinions
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Critical Reading Critical Reading (Continued)(Continued)
• Recognizing author's purpose– Inform– Entertain– Persuade
• Drawing logical conclusions
• Judging sources
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Tools for the ClassroomTools for the Classroom
• Use prompts & probes to encourage higher-level thinking
• Struggling students need explicit instruction
• Review essential Standards
• Use observation & discussion to assess
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