Chapter 8 Cell division Mitosis/Meiosis Review
Dec 30, 2015
Chapter 8Cell division
Mitosis/MeiosisReview
This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ______________________
centromere
The phase of the cell cyclein which cells stop dividing all together.
G0
Cell division in bacteria cells is called
_______________________ Binary fission
Phase of the cell cycle in whichDNA is copied
S (synthesis)
This organized pictureof an individual’s chromosomes is calleda _______________
karyotype
This person is a _____________.
male female
female (has XX)
The proteins that help wrap up the DNA into chromosomes are ______________________
histones
Phase of the cell cycleIn which the nuclear membrane is presentand DNA is spread out into chromatin. interphase
This red area on thecentromere where thespindle fibers attach iscalled the
___________________kinetochore
List the phases of mitosis in orderstarting with prophase.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
Phase of mitosis that followsanaphase
telophase
Phase of the cell cycle that follows G2
Mitosis (prophase)
This network of fibersthat attach and pullthe chromosomesapart is called the
mitotic ______________spindle
This cell is in__________________prophase
Humans have ______ chromosomes.46
(23 pairs)
Type of cell division in eukaryoticcells that results in 2 identical daughter cells.
mitosis
Reproduction in whichoffspring come fromthe DNA of just one parent is
called _____________ reproductionasexual
The dark colored spot near the nucleus that contains the centrioles when the cell is not dividing is the______________centrosome
The 2 chromosomes that determinethe sex of an individual are called__________________________Sex chromosomes
G1, S, and G2 make up this phaseof the cell cycle.
Interphase
Sperm and eggs are __________ cells.
haploid diploid
haploid
This person is a_______________
male female
Male (has XY)
Proteins that control the turning
on and off of specific regions of DNA Non-histones
One of 2 identical armsthat make up a chromosome
chromatid
A cell that contains two copies ofeach chromosome is said to be
__________________diploid
Humans have 2 sex chromosomesand 44 _______________.autosomes
The place in the cell membrane of an animal cell that pinches in during cytokinesis is called a
____________________cleavage furrow
Plant cells can’t pinch to divide, instead they form a _______________to divide.
cell plate
This phase of thecell cycle is______________anaphase
Cell which contains only 1 copy ofeach of the chromosomes
haploid
This phase of the
cell cycle is
________________metaphase
Phase of the cell cycle cells spendmost of their time in.
Interphase (G1)
Part of interphase in which thecell grows to mature size and carries out its job.
G1
Type of eukaryotic cell divisionwhich produces cells with ½ thenumber of chromosomes as the original cell. meiosis
Phase of mitosis that followsprophase
metaphase
Phase of the cell cycle that follows S
G2
DNA that is all spread out inan interphase nucleus is called________________chromatin
Phase of mitosis in which thenuclear membrane and nucleolusdisappear and the DNA scrunches into chromosomes.
prophase
In this part of interphase cellsmake the molecules and organellesneeded for cell division
G2
The 2 copies of each chromosomeare called ______________ chromosomes because are the same size,same shape, and carry genes for thesame traits.
homologous
These structuresat the poles whichattach to the spindle fibers and pull the chromosomes. centrioles
A karyotype can tell us ____________ The sex of the organism AND if they have missing/extra chromosomes
When chromatin scrunches together it is called a _________________chromosome
If the body cells of an organismhave 24 chromosomes, how manywould be in a sperm or egg cell?
12; Sperm and eggs have ½ the number of chromosomes as body cells
True OR FalseThis organismis a human.False; only 40 chromosomes Humans have 46
Phase of mitosis in which chromsomesline up in the middle of the cell.
metaphase
Mitosis or Meiosis?
Used by organisms to grow in size
Makes 4 haploid cells
Crossing over happens
Used to make gametes
Makes identical 2n cells
Used to repair injuries or replace worn out cells
Mitosis
Meiosis
Meiosis
Meiosis
Mitosis
Mitosis
This phase iscalled _______________interphase
Dark spots next to thenucleus that contain the centrioles.
centrosomes
Phase of mitosis that followsmetaphase
anaphase
Phase of the cell cycle that follows G1
S
This cell is in___________anaphase
Phase of cell division in whichthe nuclear membrane returns andchromosomes spread out into chromatin. telophase
This cell is in__________telophase
The cell above is a _________ cell.
animal plant
PlantYou can see the cell plate forming in center insteadof a cleavage furrow.
The person in this karyotype has anextra number #21 chromosome. She has ________ syndrome.Down’s
Reproduction in which offspring come from the DNA of 2 parents is called ____________
reproduction.sexual
Phase of the cell cycle in which cellsstop dividing all together
G0
Phase of mitosis in whichseparate and move to oppositeends of the cell.
anaphase
The very first dividing phase is_______________prophase
Type of cell division shown at the left
mitosis meiosis
meiosis
How can you tell?Homologous pairs line up, crossing over happens; end up with 4 cells that have ½ the chromosome number you started with
This is called a ______________Cleavage furrow
This cell is _____________ cell.
an animal a plant
an animalPlants don’t have cleavage furrows.
Phase of meiosis where crossing over happens
PROPHASE I
Type of cell division used to makegametes
meiosis
Phase of the cell cycle where cells spend most of their time. They grow bigger and they do their jobas body cells.
G1
List the phases of mitosis in orderstarting with interphase
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
Name the two ways genetic recombination happens during meiosis
Crossing over & independent assortment
How is INTERPHASE II differentfrom INTERPHASE I?
DNA is NOT copied during interphase II and it is in interphase I
The exchange of genetic material between chromatid arms of homologous chromosomes is called _______________
Crossing over
The group of 4 chromatid arms above is called a ___________tetrad
Tell 2 ways mitosis and meiosis are different
MITOSIS MEIOSISMakes 2 diploid (2n) cells Makes 4 haploid (1n) cellsDivides once Divides twice/copies DNA onceMakes body cells Makes gametes (sperm/eggs)Makes cells identical to parent Makes cells with ½ the number
of chromosomes of parentNo genetic recombination Crossing over/independent assortment allow for genetic recombinationUsed to grow in size, Used to make reproductive repair injuries, cells replace worn out cellsNo synapsis of homologous pairs Homologous pairs line up together
THE END
The chromosomes that DO NOT
determine the organism’s sex are
called _________________autosomes
Type of cell division in whichgenetic recombination can happen.
meiosis
Phase of the cell cycle after S phasein which cells make the moleculesand organelles needed for cell division. G2
Humans have ? Chromosomes.
46 (23 pairs)