Chapter 8 Atoms and Periodic Properties. Fig. 8.1 Computer generated model of a beryllium atom p n.

Chapter 8Chapter 8

Atoms andAtoms andPeriodic PropertiesPeriodic Properties

Fig. 8.1 Computer generated model of a beryllium atom

pn

Fig. 8.2 A cathode ray tube

Fig. 8.3 A cathode ray tube used to discover the electron

J.J. Thomson (1897)

Fig. 8.4 The oil-drop experiment to determine thecharge on an electron

Robert Millikan (1906)

Fig. 8.5 The gold foil experiment to determine the size of the nucleus

Ernest Rutherford (1907)

Fig. 8.6 Alpha particles moving through gold foil

The size of the nucleus vs the size of the atomThe size of the nucleus vs the size of the atom

Fig. 8.7 The three isotopes of hydrogen

Fig. 8.8 How atomic spectra are formed

Fig. 8.9 The line spectra emitted from hydrogen

Fig. 8.10 When an electron makes a “quantum leap” down, it emits a photon of specific energy

Ephoton = hf

Fig. 8.11 Some energy levels of the hydrogen atom

Fig. 8.12 Fluorescent lamps contain mercury atoms