7.1 CHAPTER - 7 WATER RESOURCES 7.1 Water scarcity has become acute due to over exploitation of ground surface water and erratic & untimely rainfall. State has 1.16 per cent of India’s water resources in the form of annual rainfall. The surface water resources get exhaust before the commencement of next rainy season. The severity of water can be best realized from the following table: Table No. 7.1 Contribution of Rajasthan Parameter Share of State in Nation (in %) Area 10.41 Population 5.67 Livestock 10.69 Cultivable area 13.88 Surface water 1.16 Ground water 1.70 7.2 Total 3820.84 thousand ha. Culturable Command Area (CCA) has been created up to March, 2015 in the State. Table No.7.2 Year-wise CCA Created during the Last Six Years (in thousand ha) Year CCA created during CCA created up to the Year the Year 2009-10 66.85 3711.04 2010-11 38.45 3749.49 2011-12 23.29 3772.78 2012-13 21.45 3794.23 2013-14 16.15 3810.38 2014-15 12.70 3823.08 66.85 38.45 23.29 21.45 16.15 12.70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 CCA in thousand ha. Year CCA created during the Year
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7.1
CHAPTER - 7
WATER RESOURCES
7.1 Water scarcity has become acute due to over exploitation of ground surface water and erratic & untimely rainfall. State has 1.16 per cent of India’s water resources in the form of annual rainfall. The surface water resources get exhaust before the commencement of next rainy season. The severity of water can be best realized from the following table:
Table No. 7.1
Contribution of Rajasthan Parameter Share of State in Nation (in %)
Area 10.41 Population 5.67 Livestock 10.69 Cultivable area 13.88 Surface water 1.16 Ground water 1.70
7.2 Total 3820.84 thousand ha. Culturable Command Area (CCA) has been created up to March, 2015 in the State.
Table No.7.2 Year-wise CCA Created during the Last Six Years
(in thousand ha) Year CCA created during CCA created up to the Year
7.3 The net irrigated and total irrigated area by Canal, Tank, Tube well, Other Well and other sources in 2012-13 is 7499120 ha and 9455467 ha. respectively. The details of source wise irrigation are given in the following table:
Table No. 7.3 Source wise irrigation in 2012-13
(Area in ha) Source Canal Tank Tube Well Other Other Total
Well Sources
Net Irrigated 1900662 91686 3118117 2264032 124623 7499120
Total Irrigated 2885036 94113 3807628 2539543 129147 9455467
7.4 The droughts put tremendous pressure on natural resources and lead
to severe scarcity of water, food and fodder. The major causes of droughts
are its geographical location not favouring abundant monsoon rainfall, poor
and deep ground water limiting its uses for irrigation, absence of perennial
rivers and forests, the poor water holding capacity of the soil and huge
withdrawal of limited ground water resources. The increased pressure of
2885036
94113
3807628
2539543
129147
Total Irrigated Area - 94.55 lakh ha.
Canal
Tank
Tuble Well
Other Well
Others
1900662
91686
3118117
2264032
124623
Net Irrigated Area - 74.99 lakh ha.
Canal
Tank
Tuble Well
Other Well
Others
3711.04
3749.49
3772.78
3794.233810.38
3823.08
3640
3660
3680
3700
3720
3740
3760
3780
3800
3820
3840
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
CC
A in
th
ou
san
d h
a.
Year
CCA created up to the Year
7.3
both human and livestock population during the last decade has also
affected the land, vegetation and surface/ground water resources. 7.5 There are 15 defined river basins in the State. The total available water in the State is 21.7 BCM, out of which 16.05 BCM surface water is utilizable economically. So far, 11.85 BCM surface water has been harnessed, which is 73.83 per cent of the economically surface water. 7.6 Both surface water resources and ground water resources are a
matter of immediate concern for the State. Therefore, conservation,
preservation and optimum utilization of every drop of water constitute
the core of water resources planning and management in the State. The
role of the State in the integrated development of water resources is
gradually evolving from that of owner to that of facilitator. The State
Water Policy focuses on paradigm shift from engineering bases solutions
to community based management system. Thus the role of Water User
Associations (WUAs) and NGOs assumes greater importance in water
management. The focused attention in the Twelfth Plan period would be
on harnessing the remaining surface water, reducing gap between
irrigation potential created & utilized, strengthening WUAs, water
harvesting, improve irrigation efficiency with shift from surface irrigation
to adoption of drip & sprinkler irrigation system and from traditional
cropping pattern to new less water requiring crops. 7.7 The challenges of water sector are many facets. Following are some of the important issues which have to be addressed by the strategic planning in water sector:
Growing imbalance between demand and supply of water. The present deficit of about 8 BCM and it is likely to increase to 9 BCM by 2015.
Inequality of access and uncertainty of water, deteriorating water
quality, high cost of service, low recovery of cost and low expenditure on O & M.
Lack of ownership among the stakeholders.
Low water charges.
Out dated and unaccountable governance institutions for water
management.
Over exploitation of ground water.
Lack of consensus among stakeholders on water sector reforms. 7.8 The above background leads to the following priorities and activities for water resources development and management:
Optimum development and utilization of water resources on sustainable basis.
Integrated water resources planning.
7.4
Improving irrigation efficiency : more crop per drop of water
Providing flood protection and drainage facilities
Ensuring proper functioning of existing structures, conveyance
systems and other assets through adequate maintenance and operation.
Minimizing adverse impacts of water resources development on
the natural environment and on population affected by project implementation works.
Promoting beneficiaries participation in all aspects of water planning and management, with particular emphasis on Water User Associations intended to manage and maintain irrigation systems, both physically and financially.
Advancing the technological and scientific level of all the staff in
the water sector through intensification of applied research, technology transfer, training and education.
Facilitating private initiative in development, operation and
management of water projects.
Human Resource Development.
Institutional reforms.
Water charges rationalization.
Water resources information systems and awareness campaign 7.9 An outlay of ` 785390.53 lakh was fixed for water resources sector for the Twelfth Plan. An expenditure of ` 152222.58 lakh is likely to be incurred in 2014-15 against an outlay of ` 153662.46 lakh. An outlay of ` 171907.86 lakh is proposed for the Annual Plan 2015-16 which includes ` 33205.43 lakh of Central Assistance. Sub sector-wise details are given in the following table:
Table No. 7.4 Financial Outlays & Expenditure for Water Sector
(` in lakh)
S. No.
Scheme Twelfth Plan
Outlay OUTLAY 2014-15
Likely Exp. 2014-15
Outlay 2015-16
1. Water Resources 597884.16 100547.12 100645.01 109307.64
2. Ground Water 7500.00 65.78 65.78 140.00
3. Command Area Development
72506.37 26430.73 25515.90 30602.60
4. IGNP 107500.00 26618.83 25995.89 31857.62
Total 785390.53 153662.46 152222.58 171907.86
7.5
WATER RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
7.10 The emphasis has been laid on harnessing of maximum water
resources by investing enormous funds over plan periods (1951-2012).
Irrigation potential has been increased from 4.00 lakh ha (1951) to level
of 38.10 lakh hectares by March, 2014 with the construction of 119
major & medium and 3322 minor irrigation projects. Work on major
irrigation projects viz. Narmada, Project, Yamuna Water Project,
Kalisindh Irrigation Project, Parwan Project, Modernization of Gang
Canal and Narmada, 6 medium irrigation projects viz. Gararda, Takli,
Piplad, Lhasi, Gagrin, Rajgarh and 48 minor irrigation works are in
progress.
7.11 An outlay of ` 597884.16 lakh was kept for various irrigation
projects for the Twelfth Plan period. Additional irrigation potential of
67.97 thousand ha is to be created during the Twelfth Plan period
against this 48.06 thousand ha. CCA has been created upto March,
2015. An expenditure of ` 100645.01 lakh is likely to be incurred in
2014-15 against an outlay of ` 100547.12 lakh. An outlay of ` 109307.64
lakh is proposed for the Annual Plan 2015-16 which includes ` 7146.00
lakh of Central Assistance. 13.26 thousand ha. additional CCA will be
created during the year 2015-16. Scheme-wise details are given in the