Chapter #7 RECOGNITION & IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

Chapter #7Chapter #7

RECOGNITION & RECOGNITION & IDENTIFICATION OF IDENTIFICATION OF

HAZARDOUS MATERIALSHAZARDOUS MATERIALS

RECOGNITION & RECOGNITION & IDENTIFICATION OF IDENTIFICATION OF

HAZARDOUS MATERIALSHAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Recognition and Recognition and Identification ofIdentification of

Hazardous MaterialsHazardous MaterialsIntroductionIntroduction


Hazardous MaterialsHazardous MaterialsIntroductionIntroduction

Occupancy and locations.Occupancy and locations. Container shapes, markings, and Container shapes, markings, and

colors.colors. DOT Placarding and Labeling.DOT Placarding and Labeling. Shipping papers.Shipping papers. NFPA 704 Standard System.NFPA 704 Standard System.



Recognition and Recognition and Identification of Identification of Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials


Occupancy and/or Locations:Occupancy and/or Locations:

• Applies to fixed sites/facilities (manufacturing, industrial, Applies to fixed sites/facilities (manufacturing, industrial, storage, railroad yards).storage, railroad yards).

• Obvious vs. non-obvious repositories of hazmats. Obvious vs. non-obvious repositories of hazmats.

• Local planning based on knowing hazmats are present at fixed Local planning based on knowing hazmats are present at fixed locations.locations.

• Occupancy defined by usage (office, industrial, mercantile, Occupancy defined by usage (office, industrial, mercantile, warehouse).warehouse).

• Location defined as specific address, area, etc.Location defined as specific address, area, etc.

Occupancy and/or Locations:Occupancy and/or Locations:

• Applies to fixed sites/facilities (manufacturing, industrial, Applies to fixed sites/facilities (manufacturing, industrial, storage, railroad yards).storage, railroad yards).

• Obvious vs. non-obvious repositories of hazmats. Obvious vs. non-obvious repositories of hazmats.

• Local planning based on knowing hazmats are present at fixed Local planning based on knowing hazmats are present at fixed locations.locations.

• Occupancy defined by usage (office, industrial, mercantile, Occupancy defined by usage (office, industrial, mercantile, warehouse).warehouse).

• Location defined as specific address, area, etc.Location defined as specific address, area, etc.



Container and Vehicle ShapesContainer and Vehicle Shapes• Configuration provides clues to contentsConfiguration provides clues to contents (e.g. radioactive, (e.g. radioactive,

compressed gases, cryogenics, corrosives)compressed gases, cryogenics, corrosives)..

Container Markings and ColorsContainer Markings and Colors• Tools for recognition and identification.Tools for recognition and identification.

• Marking systems are voluntaryMarking systems are voluntary (except as required by(except as required by law)law) and and vary.vary.

Container and Vehicle ShapesContainer and Vehicle Shapes• Configuration provides clues to contentsConfiguration provides clues to contents (e.g. radioactive, (e.g. radioactive,

compressed gases, cryogenics, corrosives)compressed gases, cryogenics, corrosives)..

Container Markings and ColorsContainer Markings and Colors• Tools for recognition and identification.Tools for recognition and identification.

• Marking systems are voluntaryMarking systems are voluntary (except as required by(except as required by law)law) and and vary.vary.



Container Markings and Colors, Container Markings and Colors, continuedcontinued::• Systems include:Systems include:

» Container markings.Container markings.» Hazard Communication (Hazcom) systems.Hazard Communication (Hazcom) systems.» Military system.Military system.» Color coding.Color coding.

• DOT Markings on Outside of Packages, See page 7.3:DOT Markings on Outside of Packages, See page 7.3:» Descriptive name.Descriptive name.» ID number.ID number.» Cautions.Cautions.» UN or NA numbers.UN or NA numbers.

Container Markings and Colors, Container Markings and Colors, continuedcontinued::• Systems include:Systems include:

» Container markings.Container markings.» Hazard Communication (Hazcom) systems.Hazard Communication (Hazcom) systems.» Military system.Military system.» Color coding.Color coding.

• DOT Markings on Outside of Packages, See page 7.3:DOT Markings on Outside of Packages, See page 7.3:» Descriptive name.Descriptive name.» ID number.ID number.» Cautions.Cautions.» UN or NA numbers.UN or NA numbers.

Recognition and Recognition and Identification ofIdentification ofHazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials

Recognition and Recognition and Identification ofIdentification ofHazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials

Hazard Materials IdentificationHazard Materials IdentificationSystem (HMIS):System (HMIS):

• Used in the workplace to:Used in the workplace to:» Meet OSHA right-to-know requirements.Meet OSHA right-to-know requirements.» Provide PPE information.Provide PPE information.» Meet OSHA Hazcom Standard inMeet OSHA Hazcom Standard in

conjunctionconjunctionwith specific training.with specific training.

• Differs from NFPA and EPA:Differs from NFPA and EPA:» Hazard ranking different from NFPA 704.Hazard ranking different from NFPA 704.» Protective Equipment Index different from EPA Levels of Protection.Protective Equipment Index different from EPA Levels of Protection.

Hazard Materials IdentificationHazard Materials IdentificationSystem (HMIS):System (HMIS):

• Used in the workplace to:Used in the workplace to:» Meet OSHA right-to-know requirements.Meet OSHA right-to-know requirements.» Provide PPE information.Provide PPE information.» Meet OSHA Hazcom Standard inMeet OSHA Hazcom Standard in

conjunctionconjunctionwith specific training.with specific training.

• Differs from NFPA and EPA:Differs from NFPA and EPA:» Hazard ranking different from NFPA 704.Hazard ranking different from NFPA 704.» Protective Equipment Index different from EPA Levels of Protection.Protective Equipment Index different from EPA Levels of Protection.



Military System, See page 7.5:Military System, See page 7.5:

• Addresses fixed locations.Addresses fixed locations.

• Used in military installations, not in transportation.Used in military installations, not in transportation.

• Relevant to responders at or associated with DoD Relevant to responders at or associated with DoD installations.installations.

Military System, See page 7.5:Military System, See page 7.5:

• Addresses fixed locations.Addresses fixed locations.

• Used in military installations, not in transportation.Used in military installations, not in transportation.

• Relevant to responders at or associated with DoD Relevant to responders at or associated with DoD installations.installations.


Recognition and Recognition and Identification of Identification of Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials Color Coded Systems:Color Coded Systems:

• Generally voluntary, not uniform.Generally voluntary, not uniform.• Some color coding used by industry (e.g. green cylinders for Some color coding used by industry (e.g. green cylinders for

medical oxygen).medical oxygen).• ““Candy Stripes”Candy Stripes”

» e.g. White tankcar with red stripes for hydrocyanic acid.e.g. White tankcar with red stripes for hydrocyanic acid.» Being phased out because of inconsistent applicationBeing phased out because of inconsistent application..

Color Coded Systems:Color Coded Systems:

• Generally voluntary, not uniform.Generally voluntary, not uniform.• Some color coding used by industry (e.g. green cylinders for Some color coding used by industry (e.g. green cylinders for

medical oxygen).medical oxygen).• ““Candy Stripes”Candy Stripes”

» e.g. White tankcar with red stripes for hydrocyanic acid.e.g. White tankcar with red stripes for hydrocyanic acid.» Being phased out because of inconsistent applicationBeing phased out because of inconsistent application..



DOT Placard and Labeling System:DOT Placard and Labeling System:

• DOT regulates ~2,500 hazardous materials offered for DOT regulates ~2,500 hazardous materials offered for transportation in commerce.transportation in commerce.

• DOT Hazardous Materials Table in 49 CFR 172.101.DOT Hazardous Materials Table in 49 CFR 172.101.

• Diamond-shaped labels, 4 inches on each side, required to Diamond-shaped labels, 4 inches on each side, required to be affixed on two sides of non-bulk containers.be affixed on two sides of non-bulk containers.

• Diamond-shaped placards, 10 ¾ inches on each side, Diamond-shaped placards, 10 ¾ inches on each side, required to be placed on bulk containers.required to be placed on bulk containers.

DOT Placard and Labeling System:DOT Placard and Labeling System:

• DOT regulates ~2,500 hazardous materials offered for DOT regulates ~2,500 hazardous materials offered for transportation in commerce.transportation in commerce.

• DOT Hazardous Materials Table in 49 CFR 172.101.DOT Hazardous Materials Table in 49 CFR 172.101.

• Diamond-shaped labels, 4 inches on each side, required to Diamond-shaped labels, 4 inches on each side, required to be affixed on two sides of non-bulk containers.be affixed on two sides of non-bulk containers.

• Diamond-shaped placards, 10 ¾ inches on each side, Diamond-shaped placards, 10 ¾ inches on each side, required to be placed on bulk containers.required to be placed on bulk containers.


Recognition and Recognition and Identification of Identification of Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials Placards must appear on all four sides of the vehicle Placards must appear on all four sides of the vehicle

and must contain four pieces of identifying and must contain four pieces of identifying information:information:• Symbol or Pictograph located in the upper quadrant.Symbol or Pictograph located in the upper quadrant.• UN hazard classification number and division number UN hazard classification number and division number

located in the lower quadrant.located in the lower quadrant.• Hazard class or four-digit identification number located Hazard class or four-digit identification number located

across the center.across the center.• Background color.Background color.

Placards must appear on all four sides of the vehicle Placards must appear on all four sides of the vehicle and must contain four pieces of identifying and must contain four pieces of identifying information:information:• Symbol or Pictograph located in the upper quadrant.Symbol or Pictograph located in the upper quadrant.• UN hazard classification number and division number UN hazard classification number and division number

located in the lower quadrant.located in the lower quadrant.• Hazard class or four-digit identification number located Hazard class or four-digit identification number located

across the center.across the center.• Background color.Background color.

Recognition and Recognition and Identification of Identification of

Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials



DOT Placard and Labeling System, DOT Placard and Labeling System, ContinuedContinued:: DOT Placard and Labeling System, DOT Placard and Labeling System, ContinuedContinued::

SymbolSymbol

BackgroundColor

BackgroundColor

InnerBoarder

InnerBoarder

TextText

Class or Division NumberClass or Division Number

IDNumber

IDNumber



Class or division numbers Class or division numbers do notdo not appear on appear on subsidiary risk placards:subsidiary risk placards:• There are two Placarding TablesThere are two Placarding Tables - - placards are required placards are required

depending on which table a hazardous material is assigned depending on which table a hazardous material is assigned to.to.

• Vehicles transporting PlacardingVehicles transporting Placarding Table 1Table 1 materials must be materials must be placarded regardless of quantity.placarded regardless of quantity.

• Vehicles transporting PlacardingVehicles transporting Placarding Table 2Table 2 commodities commodities >1001 lbs>1001 lbs must be placarded. must be placarded.



Dangerous Placard:Dangerous Placard:• 1001 pounds (454 kilograms)1001 pounds (454 kilograms) gross weight of two or gross weight of two or

more categories of hazardous materials listed in Table more categories of hazardous materials listed in Table 2.2.

• Non-bulk packaging with two or more categories that Non-bulk packaging with two or more categories that require different placards specified in Table 2 may be require different placards specified in Table 2 may be placarded with the Dangerous placard.placarded with the Dangerous placard.

» When 5000 lbs. or more of one category of material is When 5000 lbs. or more of one category of material is loaded at one loading facility - apply the placard loaded at one loading facility - apply the placard specified in Table 2.specified in Table 2.

Dangerous Placard:Dangerous Placard:• 1001 pounds (454 kilograms)1001 pounds (454 kilograms) gross weight of two or gross weight of two or

more categories of hazardous materials listed in Table more categories of hazardous materials listed in Table 2.2.

• Non-bulk packaging with two or more categories that Non-bulk packaging with two or more categories that require different placards specified in Table 2 may be require different placards specified in Table 2 may be placarded with the Dangerous placard.placarded with the Dangerous placard.

» When 5000 lbs. or more of one category of material is When 5000 lbs. or more of one category of material is loaded at one loading facility - apply the placard loaded at one loading facility - apply the placard specified in Table 2.specified in Table 2.



DOT Hazard Classes [DOT Hazard Classes [See SM Tables 7-3 and 7-4See SM Tables 7-3 and 7-4]:]:

» Class 1 - ExplosivesClass 1 - Explosives» Class 2 - GasesClass 2 - Gases» Class 3 - Flammable/Combustible LiquidsClass 3 - Flammable/Combustible Liquids» Class 4 - Flammable Solid or Spontaneously CombustibleClass 4 - Flammable Solid or Spontaneously Combustible» Class 5 - OxidizersClass 5 - Oxidizers» Class 6 - PoisonsClass 6 - Poisons» Class 7 - RadioactiveClass 7 - Radioactive» Class 8 - CorrosiveClass 8 - Corrosive» Class 9 - MiscellaneousClass 9 - Miscellaneous

DOT Hazard Classes [DOT Hazard Classes [See SM Tables 7-3 and 7-4See SM Tables 7-3 and 7-4]:]:

» Class 1 - ExplosivesClass 1 - Explosives» Class 2 - GasesClass 2 - Gases» Class 3 - Flammable/Combustible LiquidsClass 3 - Flammable/Combustible Liquids» Class 4 - Flammable Solid or Spontaneously CombustibleClass 4 - Flammable Solid or Spontaneously Combustible» Class 5 - OxidizersClass 5 - Oxidizers» Class 6 - PoisonsClass 6 - Poisons» Class 7 - RadioactiveClass 7 - Radioactive» Class 8 - CorrosiveClass 8 - Corrosive» Class 9 - MiscellaneousClass 9 - Miscellaneous

Recognition and Recognition and Identification of of Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials

Recognition and Recognition and Identification of of Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials

Hazard Class 1 - Explosives:Hazard Class 1 - Explosives:

• Any substance or article, including a device, Any substance or article, including a device, which is designed to function by explosion which is designed to function by explosion (extremely rapid release of gas and heat).(extremely rapid release of gas and heat).


• Any substance or article, including a device, Any substance or article, including a device, which is designed to function by explosion which is designed to function by explosion (extremely rapid release of gas and heat).(extremely rapid release of gas and heat).





Hazard Class 1 - Explosives:Hazard Class 1 - Explosives:Hazard Class 1 - Explosives:Hazard Class 1 - Explosives:

*






• Contains six divisions:Contains six divisions:

» 1.1 Mass detonating.1.1 Mass detonating.

» 1.2 Mass detonating with fragments.1.2 Mass detonating with fragments.

» 1.3 Fire Hazard with minor blast or projectile hazard.1.3 Fire Hazard with minor blast or projectile hazard.

» 1.4 No significant hazard.1.4 No significant hazard.

» 1.5 Very insensitive explosives.1.5 Very insensitive explosives.

» 1.6 Extremely insensitive explosives.1.6 Extremely insensitive explosives.


• Contains six divisions:Contains six divisions:

» 1.1 Mass detonating.1.1 Mass detonating.

» 1.2 Mass detonating with fragments.1.2 Mass detonating with fragments.

» 1.3 Fire Hazard with minor blast or projectile hazard.1.3 Fire Hazard with minor blast or projectile hazard.

» 1.4 No significant hazard.1.4 No significant hazard.

» 1.5 Very insensitive explosives.1.5 Very insensitive explosives.

» 1.6 Extremely insensitive explosives.1.6 Extremely insensitive explosives.






• The six divisions result in approximately 35 The six divisions result in approximately 35 different placards.different placards.


• The six divisions result in approximately 35 The six divisions result in approximately 35 different placards.different placards.






• Examples:Examples:» Dynamite, Nitroglycerine, Lead Azide, Detonators, Dynamite, Nitroglycerine, Lead Azide, Detonators,

Black powder.Black powder.

• Hazards:Hazards:» Blast pressure (shock wave) and fragmentation Blast pressure (shock wave) and fragmentation

hazard, possibly causing severe structural damage, hazard, possibly causing severe structural damage, fires, and thermal injury.fires, and thermal injury.


• Examples:Examples:» Dynamite, Nitroglycerine, Lead Azide, Detonators, Dynamite, Nitroglycerine, Lead Azide, Detonators,

Black powder.Black powder.

• Hazards:Hazards:» Blast pressure (shock wave) and fragmentation Blast pressure (shock wave) and fragmentation

hazard, possibly causing severe structural damage, hazard, possibly causing severe structural damage, fires, and thermal injury.fires, and thermal injury.




Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials Hazard Class 2 - Gases:Hazard Class 2 - Gases:

• Contains 3 divisions:Contains 3 divisions:

» 2.1 Flammable Gas:2.1 Flammable Gas: Ignitable at <13%, e.g. methane, Ignitable at <13%, e.g. methane, propane, butane, acetylene.propane, butane, acetylene.

» 2.2 Non-Flammable Gas:2.2 Non-Flammable Gas: Shipped at >41 psi, e.g., oxygen.Shipped at >41 psi, e.g., oxygen.

» 2.3 Poisonous Gas:2.3 Poisonous Gas: Toxic to humans or hazardous to health Toxic to humans or hazardous to health (or LC(or LC50 50 of not more than 5000 ml/m3), e.g., phosgene, of not more than 5000 ml/m3), e.g., phosgene,

hydrocyanic acid.hydrocyanic acid.

Hazard Class 2 - Gases:Hazard Class 2 - Gases:


» 2.1 Flammable Gas:2.1 Flammable Gas: Ignitable at <13%, e.g. methane, Ignitable at <13%, e.g. methane, propane, butane, acetylene.propane, butane, acetylene.

» 2.2 Non-Flammable Gas:2.2 Non-Flammable Gas: Shipped at >41 psi, e.g., oxygen.Shipped at >41 psi, e.g., oxygen.

» 2.3 Poisonous Gas:2.3 Poisonous Gas: Toxic to humans or hazardous to health Toxic to humans or hazardous to health (or LC(or LC50 50 of not more than 5000 ml/m3), e.g., phosgene, of not more than 5000 ml/m3), e.g., phosgene,

hydrocyanic acid.hydrocyanic acid.




Hazardous MaterialsHazardous MaterialsHazard Class 2 - Gases:Hazard Class 2 - Gases:Hazard Class 2 - Gases:Hazard Class 2 - Gases:






• Hazards:Hazards:

» 2.1 -2.1 - Fire and explosion hazard. BLEVE potential. Fire and explosion hazard. BLEVE potential. Corrosive, toxic, unstable.Corrosive, toxic, unstable.

» 2.2 -2.2 - Can be corrosive, toxic, oxidizer, or burn.Can be corrosive, toxic, oxidizer, or burn.

» 2.3 -2.3 - Can cause illness, injury, or death. Corrosive, Can cause illness, injury, or death. Corrosive, flammable, or explosive.flammable, or explosive.



» 2.1 -2.1 - Fire and explosion hazard. BLEVE potential. Fire and explosion hazard. BLEVE potential. Corrosive, toxic, unstable.Corrosive, toxic, unstable.

» 2.2 -2.2 - Can be corrosive, toxic, oxidizer, or burn.Can be corrosive, toxic, oxidizer, or burn.

» 2.3 -2.3 - Can cause illness, injury, or death. Corrosive, Can cause illness, injury, or death. Corrosive, flammable, or explosive.flammable, or explosive.





Hazard Class 3 - Flammable and Hazard Class 3 - Flammable and Combustible Liquid:Combustible Liquid:

• Flammable Liquid:Flammable Liquid: Flash Point <141 Flash Point <141ooF.F.

• Combustible Liquid:Combustible Liquid: Flash Point >141 Flash Point >141ooF.F.

Hazard Class 3 - Flammable and Hazard Class 3 - Flammable and Combustible Liquid:Combustible Liquid:

• Flammable Liquid:Flammable Liquid: Flash Point <141 Flash Point <141ooF.F.

• Combustible Liquid:Combustible Liquid: Flash Point >141 Flash Point >141ooF.F.




Hazardous MaterialsHazardous MaterialsHazard Class 3 - Flammable and Combustible Liquid:Hazard Class 3 - Flammable and Combustible Liquid:Hazard Class 3 - Flammable and Combustible Liquid:Hazard Class 3 - Flammable and Combustible Liquid:





Hazard Class 3 - Flammable and Combustible Hazard Class 3 - Flammable and Combustible Liquid:Liquid:

• Examples of Flammable Liquid: Examples of Flammable Liquid: Acetone, Benzene, Acetone, Benzene, Octane, Ethyl Alcohol, MEK.Octane, Ethyl Alcohol, MEK.

• Examples of Combustible Liquid: Examples of Combustible Liquid: Diesel, Fuel Oil, Diesel, Fuel Oil, Solvents.Solvents.


• Examples of Flammable Liquid: Examples of Flammable Liquid: Acetone, Benzene, Acetone, Benzene, Octane, Ethyl Alcohol, MEK.Octane, Ethyl Alcohol, MEK.

• Examples of Combustible Liquid: Examples of Combustible Liquid: Diesel, Fuel Oil, Diesel, Fuel Oil, Solvents.Solvents.







» Fire.Fire.» Container failure.Container failure.



» Fire.Fire.» Container failure.Container failure.





Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids:Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids:


» 4.1 - Flammable Solid: 4.1 - Flammable Solid: Explosives shipped Explosives shipped with sufficient wetting agent to suppress with sufficient wetting agent to suppress explosive properties. Self-reactive materials. explosive properties. Self-reactive materials. Readily combustible solids which may cause Readily combustible solids which may cause fire through friction.fire through friction.



» 4.1 - Flammable Solid: 4.1 - Flammable Solid: Explosives shipped Explosives shipped with sufficient wetting agent to suppress with sufficient wetting agent to suppress explosive properties. Self-reactive materials. explosive properties. Self-reactive materials. Readily combustible solids which may cause Readily combustible solids which may cause fire through friction.fire through friction.







» 4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible/Pyrophoric4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible/Pyrophoric Liquid:Liquid: Substances that can ignite if in contact with Substances that can ignite if in contact with air <5 minutes. Self-heating materials.air <5 minutes. Self-heating materials.



» 4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible/Pyrophoric4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible/Pyrophoric Liquid:Liquid: Substances that can ignite if in contact with Substances that can ignite if in contact with air <5 minutes. Self-heating materials.air <5 minutes. Self-heating materials.







» 4.3 - Dangerous When Wet:4.3 - Dangerous When Wet: Substances which give Substances which give off flammable or toxic vapors or is spontaneously off flammable or toxic vapors or is spontaneously flammable upon contact with water.flammable upon contact with water.



» 4.3 - Dangerous When Wet:4.3 - Dangerous When Wet: Substances which give Substances which give off flammable or toxic vapors or is spontaneously off flammable or toxic vapors or is spontaneously flammable upon contact with water.flammable upon contact with water.





Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids:Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids:Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids:Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids:






• Examples: Examples: Magnesium, Phosphorus, Metallic Sodium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Metallic Sodium, Potassium, Calcium Carbide.Potassium, Calcium Carbide.

• Hazards: Hazards:

» Flammable -Flammable - some spontaneously.some spontaneously.

» May be water reactive, toxic and/or corrosive.May be water reactive, toxic and/or corrosive.

» May be extremely difficult to extinguish.May be extremely difficult to extinguish.


• Examples: Examples: Magnesium, Phosphorus, Metallic Sodium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Metallic Sodium, Potassium, Calcium Carbide.Potassium, Calcium Carbide.

• Hazards: Hazards:

» Flammable -Flammable - some spontaneously.some spontaneously.

» May be water reactive, toxic and/or corrosive.May be water reactive, toxic and/or corrosive.

» May be extremely difficult to extinguish.May be extremely difficult to extinguish.





Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides:Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides:

• Contains 2 divisions:|Contains 2 divisions:|

» 5.1 - Oxidizer: 5.1 - Oxidizer: A substance that yields oxygen readily and sustains A substance that yields oxygen readily and sustains fire, e.g., aluminum nitrate, ammonium permanganate, liquid fire, e.g., aluminum nitrate, ammonium permanganate, liquid oxygen, hydrogen peroxide.oxygen, hydrogen peroxide.

» 5.2 - Organic Peroxide5.2 - Organic Peroxide:: Any organic compound containing oxygen Any organic compound containing oxygen (O) in the bivalent (O) in the bivalent -O-O--O-O- structure which may be considered a structure which may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, e.g., benzoil peroxide, urea derivative of hydrogen peroxide, e.g., benzoil peroxide, urea peroxide.peroxide.


• Contains 2 divisions:|Contains 2 divisions:|

» 5.1 - Oxidizer: 5.1 - Oxidizer: A substance that yields oxygen readily and sustains A substance that yields oxygen readily and sustains fire, e.g., aluminum nitrate, ammonium permanganate, liquid fire, e.g., aluminum nitrate, ammonium permanganate, liquid oxygen, hydrogen peroxide.oxygen, hydrogen peroxide.

» 5.2 - Organic Peroxide5.2 - Organic Peroxide:: Any organic compound containing oxygen Any organic compound containing oxygen (O) in the bivalent (O) in the bivalent -O-O--O-O- structure which may be considered a structure which may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, e.g., benzoil peroxide, urea derivative of hydrogen peroxide, e.g., benzoil peroxide, urea peroxide.peroxide.




Hazardous MaterialsHazardous MaterialsHazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides:Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides:Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides:Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides:






• Hazards:Hazards:» Supports combustion.Supports combustion.

» May be unstable.May be unstable.

» Can be toxic and/or corrosive.Can be toxic and/or corrosive.

• Organic Peroxides are more dangerous than Oxidizers Organic Peroxides are more dangerous than Oxidizers and can detonate.and can detonate.


• Hazards:Hazards:» Supports combustion.Supports combustion.

» May be unstable.May be unstable.

» Can be toxic and/or corrosive.Can be toxic and/or corrosive.

• Organic Peroxides are more dangerous than Oxidizers Organic Peroxides are more dangerous than Oxidizers and can detonate.and can detonate.




Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials Hazard Class 6: Poisonous and Infectious Substances:Hazard Class 6: Poisonous and Infectious Substances:

• Contains two divisions:Contains two divisions:

» 6.1 Poisonous Materials:6.1 Poisonous Materials: A material, other than a gas, which is A material, other than a gas, which is known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a health hazard during known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a health hazard during transportation.transportation.

» 6.2 Infectious Substances:6.2 Infectious Substances: A viable microorganism, or its toxin, A viable microorganism, or its toxin, that causes or may cause disease in humans or animals and any that causes or may cause disease in humans or animals and any other agent that causes or may cause severe, disabling or fatal other agent that causes or may cause severe, disabling or fatal disease.disease.

Hazard Class 6: Poisonous and Infectious Substances:Hazard Class 6: Poisonous and Infectious Substances:

• Contains two divisions:Contains two divisions:

» 6.1 Poisonous Materials:6.1 Poisonous Materials: A material, other than a gas, which is A material, other than a gas, which is known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a health hazard during known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a health hazard during transportation.transportation.

» 6.2 Infectious Substances:6.2 Infectious Substances: A viable microorganism, or its toxin, A viable microorganism, or its toxin, that causes or may cause disease in humans or animals and any that causes or may cause disease in humans or animals and any other agent that causes or may cause severe, disabling or fatal other agent that causes or may cause severe, disabling or fatal disease.disease.




Hazardous MaterialsHazardous MaterialsHazard Class 6: Poisonous and Infectious Substances:Hazard Class 6: Poisonous and Infectious Substances:Hazard Class 6: Poisonous and Infectious Substances:Hazard Class 6: Poisonous and Infectious Substances:





Hazard Class 6: Poisonous and Infectious Hazard Class 6: Poisonous and Infectious Substances:Substances:

• Examples:Examples:

» 6.1 Poisonous Materials:6.1 Poisonous Materials: Arsenic, Methyl Arsenic, Methyl Bromide, Isocyanates, Lead Compounds.Bromide, Isocyanates, Lead Compounds.

» 6.2 Infectious Substances:6.2 Infectious Substances: Anthrax, Anthrax, Botulism, Rabies, Tetanus. Botulism, Rabies, Tetanus.



» 6.1 Poisonous Materials:6.1 Poisonous Materials: Arsenic, Methyl Arsenic, Methyl Bromide, Isocyanates, Lead Compounds.Bromide, Isocyanates, Lead Compounds.

» 6.2 Infectious Substances:6.2 Infectious Substances: Anthrax, Anthrax, Botulism, Rabies, Tetanus. Botulism, Rabies, Tetanus.






• Hazards:Hazards: When inhaled, ingested, or absorbed When inhaled, ingested, or absorbed into the body:into the body:

» May cause injury or death.May cause injury or death.

» May cause illness.May cause illness.


• Hazards:Hazards: When inhaled, ingested, or absorbed When inhaled, ingested, or absorbed into the body:into the body:

» May cause injury or death.May cause injury or death.




Hazard Class 7: Radioactive Material:Hazard Class 7: Radioactive Material:

• Substance with specific activity >0.002 Substance with specific activity >0.002 microcuries per gram. Any material microcuries per gram. Any material emitting radiation capable of penetrating emitting radiation capable of penetrating and damaging living tissue, e.g. and damaging living tissue, e.g. Plutonium, Cobalt, Uranium Plutonium, Cobalt, Uranium Hexafluoride, Thorium.Hexafluoride, Thorium.




Hazardous MaterialsHazardous MaterialsHazard Class 7: Radioactive Material:Hazard Class 7: Radioactive Material:Hazard Class 7: Radioactive Material:Hazard Class 7: Radioactive Material:







» May cause radiation burns.May cause radiation burns.


» May cause cancer.May cause cancer.

» May result in death.May result in death.

» Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases.Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases.



» May cause radiation burns.May cause radiation burns.


» May cause cancer.May cause cancer.

» May result in death.May result in death.

» Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases.Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases.




• Radioactive materials are transported Radioactive materials are transported under three labels: I, II, and III.under three labels: I, II, and III.

• Only Radioactive III shipments require Only Radioactive III shipments require placards.placards.





Hazard Class 8: Corrosive Material:Hazard Class 8: Corrosive Material:

• Substances that cause visible destruction or irreversible Substances that cause visible destruction or irreversible alterations in human skin tissue or a liquid that has a alterations in human skin tissue or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.

• Examples:Examples: Acetic Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Potassium Acetic Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Potassium Hydroxide, Nitric Acid.Hydroxide, Nitric Acid.


• Substances that cause visible destruction or irreversible Substances that cause visible destruction or irreversible alterations in human skin tissue or a liquid that has a alterations in human skin tissue or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.

• Examples:Examples: Acetic Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Potassium Acetic Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Potassium Hydroxide, Nitric Acid.Hydroxide, Nitric Acid.





Hazard Class 8: Corrosive Material:Hazard Class 8: Corrosive Material:Hazard Class 8: Corrosive Material:Hazard Class 8: Corrosive Material:







» Severe chemical burns.Severe chemical burns.» Respiratory distress.Respiratory distress.» Extensive tissue damage.Extensive tissue damage.» May be explosive, oxidizer, flammable, toxic, May be explosive, oxidizer, flammable, toxic,

unstable, and/or water reactive.unstable, and/or water reactive.



» Severe chemical burns.Severe chemical burns.» Respiratory distress.Respiratory distress.» Extensive tissue damage.Extensive tissue damage.» May be explosive, oxidizer, flammable, toxic, May be explosive, oxidizer, flammable, toxic,

unstable, and/or water reactive.unstable, and/or water reactive.





Hazard Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Hazard Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials:Materials:

• A material which presents a hazard during transportation A material which presents a hazard during transportation but which does not meet the definition of any other hazard but which does not meet the definition of any other hazard class.class.

• Includes any material which has anesthetic, noxious, or Includes any material which has anesthetic, noxious, or other similar property which could cause extreme other similar property which could cause extreme annoyance or discomfort to a flight crew.annoyance or discomfort to a flight crew.


• A material which presents a hazard during transportation A material which presents a hazard during transportation but which does not meet the definition of any other hazard but which does not meet the definition of any other hazard class.class.

• Includes any material which has anesthetic, noxious, or Includes any material which has anesthetic, noxious, or other similar property which could cause extreme other similar property which could cause extreme annoyance or discomfort to a flight crew.annoyance or discomfort to a flight crew.





Hazard Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials:Hazard Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials:Hazard Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials:Hazard Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials:






• ORM-D -ORM-D - Any material such as a consumer Any material such as a consumer commodity, which although otherwise subject to commodity, which although otherwise subject to the regulations, presents a limited hazard during the regulations, presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its form, quantity, and transportation due to its form, quantity, and packaging.packaging.


• ORM-D -ORM-D - Any material such as a consumer Any material such as a consumer commodity, which although otherwise subject to commodity, which although otherwise subject to the regulations, presents a limited hazard during the regulations, presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its form, quantity, and transportation due to its form, quantity, and packaging.packaging.







» PCBs.PCBs.

» Lithium batteries.Lithium batteries.

» Butane filled cigarette lighters.Butane filled cigarette lighters.

» Some hazardous wastes (e.g., those that have failed Some hazardous wastes (e.g., those that have failed TCLP).TCLP).



» PCBs.PCBs.

» Lithium batteries.Lithium batteries.

» Butane filled cigarette lighters.Butane filled cigarette lighters.

» Some hazardous wastes (e.g., those that have failed Some hazardous wastes (e.g., those that have failed TCLP).TCLP).






• Even small quantities of Class 9 materials, e.g., Even small quantities of Class 9 materials, e.g., nail polish, can present a danger to emergency nail polish, can present a danger to emergency responders.responders.

• Do not underestimate the hazards associated with Do not underestimate the hazards associated with Class 9 materials.Class 9 materials.


• Even small quantities of Class 9 materials, e.g., Even small quantities of Class 9 materials, e.g., nail polish, can present a danger to emergency nail polish, can present a danger to emergency responders.responders.

• Do not underestimate the hazards associated with Do not underestimate the hazards associated with Class 9 materials.Class 9 materials.



DOT Shipping Papers:DOT Shipping Papers:

• Critical to the emergency responder at a transportation incident.Critical to the emergency responder at a transportation incident.

• There are various types of shipping papers for hazardous There are various types of shipping papers for hazardous materials: materials:

» Highway - Highway - Bill of LadingBill of Lading» Rail - Rail - Waybill ConsistWaybill Consist» Water - Water - Dangerous Cargo ManifestDangerous Cargo Manifest» Air - Air - AirbillAirbill


• Critical to the emergency responder at a transportation incident.Critical to the emergency responder at a transportation incident.

• There are various types of shipping papers for hazardous There are various types of shipping papers for hazardous materials: materials:

» Highway - Highway - Bill of LadingBill of Lading» Rail - Rail - Waybill ConsistWaybill Consist» Water - Water - Dangerous Cargo ManifestDangerous Cargo Manifest» Air - Air - AirbillAirbill




• Some commodities may require additional shipping papers:Some commodities may require additional shipping papers:

» EPA hazardous substances must be denoted on shipping papers EPA hazardous substances must be denoted on shipping papers with “RQ” (reportable quantity).with “RQ” (reportable quantity).

» Any release to the environment above an “RQ” must be reported to Any release to the environment above an “RQ” must be reported to the National Response Center (NRC).the National Response Center (NRC).

» 40 CFR 302.4 contains the EPA listing of hazardous substances 40 CFR 302.4 contains the EPA listing of hazardous substances and their “RQ”. and their “RQ”.


• Some commodities may require additional shipping papers:Some commodities may require additional shipping papers:

» EPA hazardous substances must be denoted on shipping papers EPA hazardous substances must be denoted on shipping papers with “RQ” (reportable quantity).with “RQ” (reportable quantity).

» Any release to the environment above an “RQ” must be reported to Any release to the environment above an “RQ” must be reported to the National Response Center (NRC).the National Response Center (NRC).

» 40 CFR 302.4 contains the EPA listing of hazardous substances 40 CFR 302.4 contains the EPA listing of hazardous substances and their “RQ”. and their “RQ”.




• The location for each shipping paper and the individual responsible The location for each shipping paper and the individual responsible for each shipping paper is dependent on the mode of transportation.for each shipping paper is dependent on the mode of transportation.

• Highway - Driver - Cab of Vehicle:Highway - Driver - Cab of Vehicle:» Rail - Crew - With Crew.Rail - Crew - With Crew.

» Water - Captain or Master - Wheel House/Pipelike ContainerWater - Captain or Master - Wheel House/Pipelike Container on a Barge. on a Barge.

» Air - Pilot - Cockpit.Air - Pilot - Cockpit.

• See SM Table 7-5.See SM Table 7-5.


• The location for each shipping paper and the individual responsible The location for each shipping paper and the individual responsible for each shipping paper is dependent on the mode of transportation.for each shipping paper is dependent on the mode of transportation.

• Highway - Driver - Cab of Vehicle:Highway - Driver - Cab of Vehicle:» Rail - Crew - With Crew.Rail - Crew - With Crew.

» Water - Captain or Master - Wheel House/Pipelike ContainerWater - Captain or Master - Wheel House/Pipelike Container on a Barge. on a Barge.

» Air - Pilot - Cockpit.Air - Pilot - Cockpit.

• See SM Table 7-5.See SM Table 7-5.




• All shipping papers must include the following information:All shipping papers must include the following information:

» Proper shipping name (DOT).Proper shipping name (DOT).

» DOT hazard classification.DOT hazard classification.

» Four-digit identification number.Four-digit identification number.

» Packing group.Packing group.

» Type of package.Type of package.

» Total quantity of hazardous material by weight or volume.Total quantity of hazardous material by weight or volume.


• All shipping papers must include the following information:All shipping papers must include the following information:

» Proper shipping name (DOT).Proper shipping name (DOT).

» DOT hazard classification.DOT hazard classification.

» Four-digit identification number.Four-digit identification number.

» Packing group.Packing group.

» Type of package.Type of package.

» Total quantity of hazardous material by weight or volume.Total quantity of hazardous material by weight or volume.



NFPA 704 Standard for Identification of the Fire NFPA 704 Standard for Identification of the Fire Hazards of Materials:Hazards of Materials:

• Displays:Displays:

» General hazards.General hazards.

» Degree of severity of toxicity.Degree of severity of toxicity.

» Flammability.Flammability.

» Reactivity.Reactivity.

» Special information.Special information.

NFPA 704 Standard for Identification of the Fire NFPA 704 Standard for Identification of the Fire Hazards of Materials:Hazards of Materials:

• Displays:Displays:

» General hazards.General hazards.

» Degree of severity of toxicity.Degree of severity of toxicity.

» Flammability.Flammability.

» Reactivity.Reactivity.

» Special information.Special information.



NFPA 704 nationally recognized method of NFPA 704 nationally recognized method of indicating presence of hazardous materials:indicating presence of hazardous materials:

• Standard originated in 1957. Standard originated in 1957. • Officially adopted in 1961.Officially adopted in 1961.• Revised numerous times.Revised numerous times.

NFPA 704 nationally recognized method of NFPA 704 nationally recognized method of indicating presence of hazardous materials:indicating presence of hazardous materials:

• Standard originated in 1957. Standard originated in 1957. • Officially adopted in 1961.Officially adopted in 1961.• Revised numerous times.Revised numerous times.



NFPA Scope:NFPA Scope:

• Applies to facilities which:Applies to facilities which:

» Manufacture hazardous materials.Manufacture hazardous materials.

» Store hazardous materials.Store hazardous materials.

» Use hazardous materials.Use hazardous materials.

• Concerned with health, fire, reactivity and other related Concerned with health, fire, reactivity and other related hazards created by short term exposure as might be hazards created by short term exposure as might be encountered under fire or related emergency conditions.encountered under fire or related emergency conditions.




• Applies to facilities which:Applies to facilities which:» Manufacture hazardous materials.Manufacture hazardous materials.» Store hazardous materials.Store hazardous materials.» Use hazardous materials.Use hazardous materials.

• Concerned with health, fire, reactivity and other related hazards Concerned with health, fire, reactivity and other related hazards created by short term exposure as might be encountered under fire created by short term exposure as might be encountered under fire or related emergency conditions.or related emergency conditions.

• DOES NOT APPLY TO TRANSPORTATION.DOES NOT APPLY TO TRANSPORTATION.


• Applies to facilities which:Applies to facilities which:» Manufacture hazardous materials.Manufacture hazardous materials.» Store hazardous materials.Store hazardous materials.» Use hazardous materials.Use hazardous materials.

• Concerned with health, fire, reactivity and other related hazards Concerned with health, fire, reactivity and other related hazards created by short term exposure as might be encountered under fire created by short term exposure as might be encountered under fire or related emergency conditions.or related emergency conditions.

• DOES NOT APPLY TO TRANSPORTATION.DOES NOT APPLY TO TRANSPORTATION.




• Readily recognizable.Readily recognizable.

• Easily understood.Easily understood.

• At-a-glance idea of inherent hazards and the At-a-glance idea of inherent hazards and the order of severity as they relate to fire prevention, order of severity as they relate to fire prevention, exposure, and control.exposure, and control.


• Readily recognizable.Readily recognizable.

• Easily understood.Easily understood.

• At-a-glance idea of inherent hazards and the At-a-glance idea of inherent hazards and the order of severity as they relate to fire prevention, order of severity as they relate to fire prevention, exposure, and control.exposure, and control.



NPFA Objective:NPFA Objective:

• To provide on-the-spot information To provide on-the-spot information necessary to safeguard the lives of fire necessary to safeguard the lives of fire fighting personnel during an incident.fighting personnel during an incident.

NPFA Objective:NPFA Objective:

• To provide on-the-spot information To provide on-the-spot information necessary to safeguard the lives of fire necessary to safeguard the lives of fire fighting personnel during an incident.fighting personnel during an incident.



Identifies the hazards of a material in three Identifies the hazards of a material in three principal categories:principal categories:

• Health.Health.• Flammability.Flammability.• Reactivity.Reactivity.

• Special Information.Special Information.

Identifies the hazards of a material in three Identifies the hazards of a material in three principal categories:principal categories:

• Health.Health.• Flammability.Flammability.• Reactivity.Reactivity.

• Special Information.Special Information.



Ranks categories by order of severity Ranks categories by order of severity ranging from “FOUR” to “ZERO”:ranging from “FOUR” to “ZERO”:

• Four: Four: Indicates a severe hazard.Indicates a severe hazard.

• Zero: Zero: Indicates no special hazard.Indicates no special hazard.

Ranks categories by order of severity Ranks categories by order of severity ranging from “FOUR” to “ZERO”:ranging from “FOUR” to “ZERO”:

• Four: Four: Indicates a severe hazard.Indicates a severe hazard.

• Zero: Zero: Indicates no special hazard.Indicates no special hazard.

31

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NFPA information is presented by a spatial system NFPA information is presented by a spatial system of diagrams with colored backgrounds:of diagrams with colored backgrounds:

• BLUE indicates HEALTH.

• RED indicates FLAMMABILITY.

• YELLOW indicates REACTIVITY OR INSTABILITY.

• WHITE indicates SPECIAL INFORMATION.

NFPA information is presented by a spatial system NFPA information is presented by a spatial system of diagrams with colored backgrounds:of diagrams with colored backgrounds:

• BLUE indicates HEALTH.

• RED indicates FLAMMABILITY.

• YELLOW indicates REACTIVITY OR INSTABILITY.

• WHITE indicates SPECIAL INFORMATION.

NFPANFPA Health Hazards:Hazards:

• Any property of a material which either directly or Any property of a material which either directly or indirectly can cause injury or incapacitation - either indirectly can cause injury or incapacitation - either temporary or permanent - from exposure by contact, temporary or permanent - from exposure by contact, inhalation, or ingestion:inhalation, or ingestion:

» Injury resulting from the heat of a fire or force of Injury resulting from the heat of a fire or force of an explosion is not considered.an explosion is not considered.

NFPANFPA Health Hazards:Hazards:

• Any property of a material which either directly or Any property of a material which either directly or indirectly can cause injury or incapacitation - either indirectly can cause injury or incapacitation - either temporary or permanent - from exposure by contact, temporary or permanent - from exposure by contact, inhalation, or ingestion:inhalation, or ingestion:

» Injury resulting from the heat of a fire or force of Injury resulting from the heat of a fire or force of an explosion is not considered.an explosion is not considered.





NFPA Degrees ofNFPA Degrees of Health Hazards:Hazards:

• ““FOUR”FOUR”

» Short exposure could cause death or major Short exposure could cause death or major residual injury regardless of medical residual injury regardless of medical treatment.treatment.

» Special protective clothing Special protective clothing WILL BEWILL BE required.required.



» Short exposure could cause death or major Short exposure could cause death or major residual injury regardless of medical residual injury regardless of medical treatment.treatment.

» Special protective clothing Special protective clothing WILL BEWILL BE required.required.




• ““THREE”THREE”

» Short exposure could cause serious temporary or Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury - even with prompt medical treatment.residual injury - even with prompt medical treatment.

» NONO skin surface exposed. skin surface exposed.

» Full firefighter’s PPE Full firefighter’s PPE requiredrequired - SCBA, wrist and pant - SCBA, wrist and pant legs banded.legs banded.



» Short exposure could cause serious temporary or Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury - even with prompt medical treatment.residual injury - even with prompt medical treatment.

» NONO skin surface exposed. skin surface exposed.

» Full firefighter’s PPE Full firefighter’s PPE requiredrequired - SCBA, wrist and pant - SCBA, wrist and pant legs banded.legs banded.




• ““TWO”TWO”

» Intense or continued exposure could cause Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.temporary incapacitation or residual injury.

» Full firefighter’s PPE and SCBA.Full firefighter’s PPE and SCBA.



» Intense or continued exposure could cause Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.temporary incapacitation or residual injury.

» Full firefighter’s PPE and SCBA.Full firefighter’s PPE and SCBA.



NFPA Degrees of Health Hazards:

• ““ONE”ONE”» Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual

injury - even if medical treatment injury - even if medical treatment were notwere not received. received.

• ““ZERO”ZERO”» Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard

beyond that of ordinary combustible material.beyond that of ordinary combustible material.

NFPA Degrees of Health Hazards:

• ““ONE”ONE”» Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual

injury - even if medical treatment injury - even if medical treatment were notwere not received. received.

• ““ZERO”ZERO”» Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard

beyond that of ordinary combustible material.beyond that of ordinary combustible material.



NFPA NFPA FlammabilityFlammability Hazards: Hazards:

• Deals with how susceptible a material is to burning.Deals with how susceptible a material is to burning.

» Many materials which will burn under one set of Many materials which will burn under one set of conditions will not burn under others.conditions will not burn under others.

» The form or condition of the material as well as its The form or condition of the material as well as its inherent properties affect the hazard.inherent properties affect the hazard.

NFPA NFPA FlammabilityFlammability Hazards: Hazards:

• Deals with how susceptible a material is to burning.Deals with how susceptible a material is to burning.

» Many materials which will burn under one set of Many materials which will burn under one set of conditions will not burn under others.conditions will not burn under others.

» The form or condition of the material as well as its The form or condition of the material as well as its inherent properties affect the hazard.inherent properties affect the hazard.



NFPA Degrees of NFPA Degrees of FlammabilityFlammability Hazards:Hazards:


» Materials which will rapidly or completely vaporize at Materials which will rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric pressure and normal ambient atmospheric pressure and normal ambient temperatures.temperatures.


» Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions.ambient temperature conditions.

NFPA Degrees of NFPA Degrees of FlammabilityFlammability Hazards:Hazards:


» Materials which will rapidly or completely vaporize at Materials which will rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric pressure and normal ambient atmospheric pressure and normal ambient temperatures.temperatures.


» Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions.ambient temperature conditions.

Recognition and Recognition and Identification of Identification of Hazardous Hazardous Materials

Recognition and Recognition and Identification of Identification of Hazardous Hazardous Materials

NFPA Degrees of NFPA Degrees of FlammabilityFlammability Hazards: Hazards:

• ““TWO”TWO”» Materials which must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively Materials which must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively

high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur.high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur.

• ““ONE”ONE”» Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur.Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur.

• ““ZERO”ZERO”» Materials that will not burn when exposed to a temperature of 1500Materials that will not burn when exposed to a temperature of 1500ooF.F.

NFPA Degrees of NFPA Degrees of FlammabilityFlammability Hazards: Hazards:

• ““TWO”TWO”» Materials which must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively Materials which must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively

high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur.high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur.

• ““ONE”ONE”» Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur.Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur.

• ““ZERO”ZERO”» Materials that will not burn when exposed to a temperature of 1500Materials that will not burn when exposed to a temperature of 1500ooF.F.



NFPA NFPA Reactivity (Instability)Reactivity (Instability) Hazards: Hazards:

• Deals with the degree of susceptibility of materials to release energy:Deals with the degree of susceptibility of materials to release energy:

» Some materials are capable of rapid release of energy by Some materials are capable of rapid release of energy by themselves, as by self-reaction or polymerization, or can undergo themselves, as by self-reaction or polymerization, or can undergo violent eruptive or explosive reaction if contacted with water or violent eruptive or explosive reaction if contacted with water or other extinguishing agents or with certain other materials.other extinguishing agents or with certain other materials.

NFPA NFPA Reactivity (Instability)Reactivity (Instability) Hazards: Hazards:

• Deals with the degree of susceptibility of materials to release energy:Deals with the degree of susceptibility of materials to release energy:

» Some materials are capable of rapid release of energy by Some materials are capable of rapid release of energy by themselves, as by self-reaction or polymerization, or can undergo themselves, as by self-reaction or polymerization, or can undergo violent eruptive or explosive reaction if contacted with water or violent eruptive or explosive reaction if contacted with water or other extinguishing agents or with certain other materials.other extinguishing agents or with certain other materials.



NFPA Degrees of NFPA Degrees of Reactivity Reactivity Hazard:Hazard:• ““FOUR”FOUR”

» Materials are readily capable of detonation or of explosive Materials are readily capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures.pressures.

» TO FIGHT ASSOCIATED FIRE - USE HEAVY STREAMS TO FIGHT ASSOCIATED FIRE - USE HEAVY STREAMS FROM PROTECTED REMOTE LOCATIONS.FROM PROTECTED REMOTE LOCATIONS.

» EVACUATION NECESSARY.EVACUATION NECESSARY.

NFPA Degrees of NFPA Degrees of Reactivity Reactivity Hazard:Hazard:• ““FOUR”FOUR”

» Materials are readily capable of detonation or of explosive Materials are readily capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures.pressures.

» TO FIGHT ASSOCIATED FIRE - USE HEAVY STREAMS TO FIGHT ASSOCIATED FIRE - USE HEAVY STREAMS FROM PROTECTED REMOTE LOCATIONS.FROM PROTECTED REMOTE LOCATIONS.

» EVACUATION NECESSARY.EVACUATION NECESSARY.



NFPA Degrees of NFPA Degrees of ReactivityReactivity Hazard:Hazard:


» Materials are capable of detonation or of explosive Materials are capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but require a strong decomposition or explosive reaction but require a strong initiating force or must be heated under confinement before initiating force or must be heated under confinement before initiation.initiation.

» FIGHT FIRES FROM AN EXPLOSION RESISTANT FIGHT FIRES FROM AN EXPLOSION RESISTANT LOCATIONS.LOCATIONS.



» Materials are capable of detonation or of explosive Materials are capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but require a strong decomposition or explosive reaction but require a strong initiating force or must be heated under confinement before initiating force or must be heated under confinement before initiation.initiation.

» FIGHT FIRES FROM AN EXPLOSION RESISTANT FIGHT FIRES FROM AN EXPLOSION RESISTANT LOCATIONS.LOCATIONS.





» Materials which are normally unstable and Materials which are normally unstable and readily undergo violent chemical change but readily undergo violent chemical change but do not detonate.do not detonate.

» FIGHT FIRES FROM A SAFE AND FIGHT FIRES FROM A SAFE AND PROTECTED LOCATION.PROTECTED LOCATION.



» Materials which are normally unstable and Materials which are normally unstable and readily undergo violent chemical change but readily undergo violent chemical change but do not detonate.do not detonate.

» FIGHT FIRES FROM A SAFE AND FIGHT FIRES FROM A SAFE AND PROTECTED LOCATION.PROTECTED LOCATION.




• ““ONE”ONE”

» Materials which are normally stable but can Materials which are normally stable but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.pressures.

» USE CAUTION IN APPROACHING THE USE CAUTION IN APPROACHING THE FIRE AND APPLYING WATER.FIRE AND APPLYING WATER.


• ““ONE”ONE”

» Materials which are normally stable but can Materials which are normally stable but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.pressures.

» USE CAUTION IN APPROACHING THE USE CAUTION IN APPROACHING THE FIRE AND APPLYING WATER.FIRE AND APPLYING WATER.




• ““ZERO”ZERO”

» Materials which are normally stable, even Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions. under fire conditions.


• ““ZERO”ZERO”

» Materials which are normally stable, even Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions. under fire conditions.



NFPA NFPA Special InformationSpecial InformationQuadrant:Quadrant:

• Used to indicate unusual reactivity with waterUsed to indicate unusual reactivity with water (DANGEROUS WHEN WET).(DANGEROUS WHEN WET).

• Used to indicate other information:Used to indicate other information:» Pressure vessels.Pressure vessels.» Radioactivity.Radioactivity.» Proper fire fighting agent.Proper fire fighting agent.» PPP requirements.PPP requirements.

• See page 7.26 of SM.See page 7.26 of SM.

NFPA NFPA Special InformationSpecial InformationQuadrant:Quadrant:

• Used to indicate unusual reactivity with waterUsed to indicate unusual reactivity with water (DANGEROUS WHEN WET).(DANGEROUS WHEN WET).

• Used to indicate other information:Used to indicate other information:» Pressure vessels.Pressure vessels.» Radioactivity.Radioactivity.» Proper fire fighting agent.Proper fire fighting agent.» PPP requirements.PPP requirements.

• See page 7.26 of SM.See page 7.26 of SM.



NFPA System Deficiencies:NFPA System Deficiencies:

• NFPA placards do not indicate:NFPA placards do not indicate:» Name of material.Name of material.» Quantity of material.Quantity of material.» Location of material within the building.Location of material within the building.

• NFPA placards may be obscured.NFPA placards may be obscured.» At night.At night.» By smoke.By smoke.» By fog.By fog.

NFPA System Deficiencies:NFPA System Deficiencies:

• NFPA placards do not indicate:NFPA placards do not indicate:» Name of material.Name of material.» Quantity of material.Quantity of material.» Location of material within the building.Location of material within the building.

• NFPA placards may be obscured.NFPA placards may be obscured.» At night.At night.» By smoke.By smoke.» By fog.By fog.



If NFPA numbers exceed If NFPA numbers exceed 2-3-2:2-3-2:

• OBTAIN EXACT OBTAIN EXACT INFORMATION PRIOR INFORMATION PRIOR TO INITIATING ANY TO INITIATING ANY TACTICAL EFFORTTACTICAL EFFORT

If NFPA numbers exceed If NFPA numbers exceed 2-3-2:2-3-2:

• OBTAIN EXACT OBTAIN EXACT INFORMATION PRIOR INFORMATION PRIOR TO INITIATING ANY TO INITIATING ANY TACTICAL EFFORTTACTICAL EFFORT

32 2

THE ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE/IDENTIFY THE ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE/IDENTIFY HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IS CRITICAL TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IS CRITICAL TO A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO A A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO A HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT.HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT.

THE ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE/IDENTIFY THE ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE/IDENTIFY HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IS CRITICAL TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IS CRITICAL TO A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO A A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO A HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT.HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT.


Hazardous MaterialsHazardous MaterialsSUMMARYSUMMARY



THE CORRECT COURSE OF ACTION CAN BE THE CORRECT COURSE OF ACTION CAN BE DETERMINED DETERMINED ONLYONLY AFTER A THOROUGH AFTER A THOROUGH IDENTIFICATION AND RECOGNITION HAS IDENTIFICATION AND RECOGNITION HAS BEEN PERFORMED.BEEN PERFORMED.

CONTINUAL EVALUATION OF THIS PROCESS CONTINUAL EVALUATION OF THIS PROCESS MUST BE CONDUCTED UNTIL THE INCIDENT MUST BE CONDUCTED UNTIL THE INCIDENT HAS BEEN TERMINATED.HAS BEEN TERMINATED.

THE CORRECT COURSE OF ACTION CAN BE THE CORRECT COURSE OF ACTION CAN BE DETERMINED DETERMINED ONLYONLY AFTER A THOROUGH AFTER A THOROUGH IDENTIFICATION AND RECOGNITION HAS IDENTIFICATION AND RECOGNITION HAS BEEN PERFORMED.BEEN PERFORMED.

CONTINUAL EVALUATION OF THIS PROCESS CONTINUAL EVALUATION OF THIS PROCESS MUST BE CONDUCTED UNTIL THE INCIDENT MUST BE CONDUCTED UNTIL THE INCIDENT HAS BEEN TERMINATED.HAS BEEN TERMINATED.













QuestionsQuestionsQuestionsQuestions

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1. E-mail question(s) to [email protected]. Your question(s) will be answered asap.

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Chapter #7 RECOGNITION & IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

Documents

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