Chapter 7 Reading Notes The American Revolution. Ch. 7.2—American strengths and weaknesses 1. List three weaknesses of the Americans at the start of the.

ChapterChapter 7 Reading 7 Reading Notes Notes

The American The American Revolution Revolution

Ch. 7.2—American strengths and Ch. 7.2—American strengths and weaknessesweaknesses

1.1. List three List three weaknesses weaknesses of the of the Americans at the start of the war.Americans at the start of the war.

*Continental Army was small and *Continental Army was small and short of soldiersshort of soldiers

*Few Americans were trained for *Few Americans were trained for battlebattle

*The army was not well supplied *The army was not well supplied with guns, gunpowder, food, or with guns, gunpowder, food, or uniformsuniforms

Ch. 7.2—American strengths and Ch. 7.2—American strengths and weaknessesweaknesses

2. Besides patriotism (love of one’s 2. Besides patriotism (love of one’s country), list two American country), list two American strengthsstrengths at the start of the war. at the start of the war.

*Secret aid from the French*Secret aid from the French

*Washington was an experienced *Washington was an experienced commander who inspired commander who inspired courage and confidencecourage and confidence

Ch. 7.3—British strengths and Ch. 7.3—British strengths and weaknessesweaknesses

1.1. List three List three strengthsstrengths of the British at the of the British at the start of the war.start of the war.

*Large army (50,000 soldiers, 30,000 *Large army (50,000 soldiers, 30,000 mercenaries (soldiers who fought mercenaries (soldiers who fought for anyone who would pay them), for anyone who would pay them), Loyalists, Native Americans, and Loyalists, Native Americans, and African Americans)African Americans)

*Well trained and experienced *Well trained and experienced *Well supplied with food, uniforms, *Well supplied with food, uniforms,

ammunition, and weaponsammunition, and weapons

Ch. 7.3—British strengths and Ch. 7.3—British strengths and weaknessesweaknesses

2. List two 2. List two weaknessesweaknesses of the British of the British at the start of the war.at the start of the war.

*Expensive and slow to send *Expensive and slow to send troops and supplies from Britain troops and supplies from Britain to Americato America

*British were not passionate about *British were not passionate about beating the Americans and they beating the Americans and they had poor military leadershiphad poor military leadership

Round 1-Capture the FlagRound 1-Capture the Flag

The Blue team is smaller. It has not The Blue team is smaller. It has not warmed up. It hasn’t played Capture the warmed up. It hasn’t played Capture the Flag as much as the Red team, just likeFlag as much as the Red team, just like……the American forces were smaller and the American forces were smaller and had less training and experience than had less training and experience than the British.the British.

The Blue team’s captain has experience The Blue team’s captain has experience playing Capture the Flag, just playing Capture the Flag, just like...like...George Washington, who led the George Washington, who led the Continental Army.Continental Army.

Round 1-Capture the FlagRound 1-Capture the Flag

The White team cheers for the Blue The White team cheers for the Blue team, just liketeam, just like…the French …the French secretly aided the Americans at secretly aided the Americans at the beginning of the war.the beginning of the war.

Half of the Red team starts the game Half of the Red team starts the game far away from the field, just likefar away from the field, just like……Britain was far away from Britain was far away from America and had to ship supplies America and had to ship supplies and troops across the Atlantic.and troops across the Atlantic.

7.4—Britain almost wins the war7.4—Britain almost wins the war

1.1. Why did the D of I increase Americans Why did the D of I increase Americans motivations to fight and win the war?motivations to fight and win the war?

*Many Americans believed that freedom and *Many Americans believed that freedom and the chance to create their own country the chance to create their own country were goals worth fighting for.were goals worth fighting for.

2. For which group of Americans did the D of I raise 2. For which group of Americans did the D of I raise hopes as well as questions? Why?hopes as well as questions? Why?

*African Americans; they wondered if the *African Americans; they wondered if the words and ideas of the D of I applied to words and ideas of the D of I applied to them and if independence would bring an them and if independence would bring an end to slavery. end to slavery.

7.4—Britain almost wins the war7.4—Britain almost wins the war3. What factors allowed the British to 3. What factors allowed the British to

almost win the war in 1776?almost win the war in 1776?

*The British, with their greater *The British, with their greater numbers and superior training, numbers and superior training, overwhelmed the inexperienced overwhelmed the inexperienced Americans at New York and Americans at New York and other battles in 1776.other battles in 1776.

Round 2-Capture the FlagRound 2-Capture the Flag

The teacher tells the Blue team that they The teacher tells the Blue team that they will receive a prize if they win the game. will receive a prize if they win the game. This increases their motivation to win, just This increases their motivation to win, just likelike…the D of I increased the …the D of I increased the motivation of many Americans to motivation of many Americans to fight and win the war.fight and win the war.

Because they have more experienced Because they have more experienced players, the Red team is almost able to players, the Red team is almost able to steal the Blue flag, just steal the Blue flag, just like…the British, like…the British, with greater numbers and training, with greater numbers and training, almost defeated the Americans in almost defeated the Americans in 1776.1776.

Round 2-Capture the FlagRound 2-Capture the Flag

One member of the Blue team is told that One member of the Blue team is told that he or she might not receive the prize, even he or she might not receive the prize, even if the Blue team wins. That player must if the Blue team wins. That player must decide whether to stay on the Blue team decide whether to stay on the Blue team or switch to the Red team, just or switch to the Red team, just like….like….African Americans were not sure African Americans were not sure if fighting for independence would if fighting for independence would assure them equal rights or the end assure them equal rights or the end of slavery. They had to decide which of slavery. They had to decide which side to fight on.side to fight on.

7.5—A pep talk and surprise 7.5—A pep talk and surprise victories victories

1. In your own words, what was the message 1. In your own words, what was the message of Paine’s pamphlet of Paine’s pamphlet The CrisisThe Crisis??

*To remind Americans that real patriots *To remind Americans that real patriots hold onto their beliefs, even in hard hold onto their beliefs, even in hard timestimes

2. How were the Americans able to win such 2. How were the Americans able to win such an overwhelming victory at Trenton?an overwhelming victory at Trenton?

*Washington had his troops cross the *Washington had his troops cross the Delaware River on Christmas night Delaware River on Christmas night and take the enemy by surprise and take the enemy by surprise early the next morningearly the next morning

7.5—A pep talk and surprise 7.5—A pep talk and surprise victoriesvictories

3. How did victories at Trenton and 3. How did victories at Trenton and Princeton affect American morale? Princeton affect American morale?

*These victories showed that the *These victories showed that the Americans could beat the British Americans could beat the British and their allies, and greatly and their allies, and greatly boosted American morale.boosted American morale.

Round 3—Capture the FlagRound 3—Capture the Flag

The teacher gives the Blue team a The teacher gives the Blue team a pep talk and encourages them to pep talk and encourages them to keep fighting, just likekeep fighting, just like…Paine’s …Paine’s pamphlet pamphlet The CrisisThe Crisis encouraged encouraged Americans to hold onto their Americans to hold onto their beliefs, even during hard times.beliefs, even during hard times.

Round 3—Capture the FlagRound 3—Capture the Flag

The teacher adds a second Blue flag. The teacher adds a second Blue flag. This makes it harder for the Red This makes it harder for the Red team to win and boosts the morale of team to win and boosts the morale of the Blue team, just likethe Blue team, just like…American …American victories at Trenton and victories at Trenton and Princeton showed the British Princeton showed the British that it would be harder than they that it would be harder than they expected to win the war, and expected to win the war, and boosted the moraleboosted the morale of the of the Americans.Americans.

Wednesday!Wednesday!

Please take out your Ch. 7 Reading Please take out your Ch. 7 Reading Notes, a book for Silent Reading, and Notes, a book for Silent Reading, and your AR card. your AR card.

7.6—The tide begins to turn 7.6—The tide begins to turn

1. As the war progressed, how did 1. As the war progressed, how did Washington revise his military Washington revise his military strategy?strategy?

*Washington avoided large battles *Washington avoided large battles that might put his army at risk. that might put his army at risk. Instead, he fought a defensive Instead, he fought a defensive war that was designed to tire war that was designed to tire out the British.out the British.

Lord Germain’s planLord Germain’s plan

7.6—The tide begins to turn7.6—The tide begins to turn

2. Why did the American cause look 2. Why did the American cause look more hopeful after the Battle of more hopeful after the Battle of Saratoga?Saratoga?

*After the Battle of Saratoga, the *After the Battle of Saratoga, the French agreed to become allies French agreed to become allies of the Americans.of the Americans.

The surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga

7.6—The tide begins to turn7.6—The tide begins to turn

3. Name two foreigners who were 3. Name two foreigners who were present with the Americans at Valley present with the Americans at Valley Forge, and explain how they helped Forge, and explain how they helped the Americans.the Americans.

*Baron Friedrich von Steubon of *Baron Friedrich von Steubon of Prussia helped with training the Prussia helped with training the soldiers.soldiers.

*The Marquis de Lafayette of *The Marquis de Lafayette of France used his own money to France used his own money to buy clothing for the soldiers.buy clothing for the soldiers.

Marquis de Lafayette with Washington at Valley Forge

Baron von Steubon drilling troops at Valley Forge

Round 4—Capture the FlagRound 4—Capture the Flag

The teacher tells the Blue team that The teacher tells the Blue team that they do not have to capture the Red they do not have to capture the Red flag to win. Instead, they must keep flag to win. Instead, they must keep the Red team from capturing all the the Red team from capturing all the Blue flags, just likeBlue flags, just like…Washington …Washington told Congress that he would told Congress that he would fight a defensive war to try to fight a defensive war to try to tire out the British.tire out the British.

Round 4—Capture the FlagRound 4—Capture the Flag The teacher has one volunteer from the The teacher has one volunteer from the

White team join the Blue team, just White team join the Blue team, just like…like…some Europeans, like von some Europeans, like von Steubon and Lafayette, helped the Steubon and Lafayette, helped the Americans.Americans.

**The teacher tells the Blue team that if The teacher tells the Blue team that if they can hold on for one more round, they can hold on for one more round, they may receive help, just like…they may receive help, just like…after after the American victory at the Battle the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga, the French became of Saratoga, the French became American allies.American allies.

7.7—The war goes south7.7—The war goes south

1. What tactics did the Americans use 1. What tactics did the Americans use successfully against the British in successfully against the British in the Southern Colonies?the Southern Colonies?

*Americans in the south used *Americans in the south used guerilla tactics, like hit and run guerilla tactics, like hit and run raids, against the British.raids, against the British.

Francis Marion—aka the Swamp Fox

7.7—The war goes south7.7—The war goes south

2. How did the success of the 2. How did the success of the Continental Army in the South Continental Army in the South contribute to the American victory?contribute to the American victory?

*The success of the Americans *The success of the Americans tired out the British and tired out the British and eventually forced them to eventually forced them to retreat to Yorktown, where they retreat to Yorktown, where they were defeated. were defeated.

7.7—The war goes south7.7—The war goes south

3. How did the French help the 3. How did the French help the Americans at the Battle of Yorktown?Americans at the Battle of Yorktown?

*French troops and warships *French troops and warships helped the Americans to trap the helped the Americans to trap the British army at Yorktown.British army at Yorktown.

The surrender at Yorktown

Round 5—Capture the FlagRound 5—Capture the Flag

The teacher adds a third Blue flag. The teacher adds a third Blue flag. This makes it harder for the Red This makes it harder for the Red team to win, just like…team to win, just like…successful successful American hit and run tactics in American hit and run tactics in the South made it even more the South made it even more difficult for the British to win the difficult for the British to win the war.war.

Round 5—Capture the FlagRound 5—Capture the Flag

The White team enters into the game The White team enters into the game to help the Blue team in this round, to help the Blue team in this round, just like…just like…the French sent troops the French sent troops and warships to help the and warships to help the Americans defeat the British at Americans defeat the British at Yorktown.Yorktown.

7.8—The war ends7.8—The war ends

1. How did the British people respond 1. How did the British people respond to the news of the Battle of to the news of the Battle of Yorktown?Yorktown?

*Most British were tired of the *Most British were tired of the war, but King George did not war, but King George did not want to accept defeat.want to accept defeat.

7.8—The war ends7.8—The war ends

2. What were three key provisions of the 2. What were three key provisions of the Treaty of Paris?Treaty of Paris?

*Britain recognized the United *Britain recognized the United States as an independent countryStates as an independent country

*Britain handed over territory from *Britain handed over territory from the Atlantic Coast to the the Atlantic Coast to the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

*The United States agreed to return *The United States agreed to return all rights and property taken from all rights and property taken from Loyalists during the warLoyalists during the war

Treaty of Paris, 1783

Round 6—Capture the FlagRound 6—Capture the Flag

By the end of Round 6, many By the end of Round 6, many members of the Red team don’t want members of the Red team don’t want to play anymore, but some do, just to play anymore, but some do, just like…like…after Yorktown, many after Yorktown, many British were tired of the war, British were tired of the war, though King George did not want though King George did not want to accept defeat.to accept defeat.

Round 6—Capture the FlagRound 6—Capture the Flag At the end of the game, the Blue, Red, and At the end of the game, the Blue, Red, and

White teams shake hands. The Blue and White teams shake hands. The Blue and White team receives their prizes. The Red White team receives their prizes. The Red team captain hands over the Red flag. team captain hands over the Red flag. The Blue team promises to be nice to the The Blue team promises to be nice to the Red team, just like…Red team, just like…at the end of the at the end of the war, the treaty was signed. In the war, the treaty was signed. In the treaty, the US got its independence treaty, the US got its independence and the British handed over territory and the British handed over territory to the US. The US also promised to to the US. The US also promised to respect the rights and property of the respect the rights and property of the Loyalists.Loyalists.