Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Offi Lecture 6 • Topics – Observation – Observation Sampling – STROBE
Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Office
Lecture 6
• Topics– Observation– Observation Sampling– STROBE
Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Office
Observation
• Observation provides insight on what organizational members actually do
• Observation provides information about decision makers and their environments that is unavailable through any other method
• Observation helps confirm what has been found through other methods
Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Office
Observing Decision Makers
• Guidelines– Decide what is to be observed (activities)– Decide the level of concreteness of the
activities– Create category of activities that
adequately capture key activities– Prepare appropriate scales, checklists, or
other materials for observation– Decide when to observe
Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Office
Basic Approaches to observation
• Time sampling – Observe the decision maker’s activity 5 randomly chosen 10
minutes intervals throughout 7 days– Advantage:
• Reduce bias from random Observation• Views the activities that occurs frequently
– Disadvantage:• May not give the entire picture
• Event sampling – Sampling a single event– Event Example: board meeting, training session– Advantage:
• Observation of an important event– Disadvantage:
• More time• Observe the body language of the decision maker
Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Office
Recording Observations
• Systematic techniques for recording observations include– Adjective pairs– Category systems– Play scripts– Checklists– Scales
Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Office
STROBE (STRuctured OBservation of the Environment )
• STRuctured OBservation of the Environment
• A technique for observing the decision maker's environment
• Provides a standard methodology and classification for the analysis of the elements that influence decision making
• Other analysts can apply the same framework to the same organization
• Limits analysis to the organization as it exists during the current life cycle stage
Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Office
STROBE Elements
• Analyzes the following environmental elements– Office location– Placement of the decision maker's desk– Stationary office equipment– Props– External objects– Office lighting and color
Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Office
Office Location
• Accessible offices– Main corridors, open door– Major traffic flow area– Increase interaction frequency and
informal messages
• Inaccessible offices– May view the organization differently– Drift apart from others in objectives
Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Office
Placement of the Decision Maker's Desk
• Visitors placed in a tight space, back to wall, large expanse behind desk– Indicates maximum power position
• Desk facing the wall, chair at side– Encourages participation– Equal exchanges
Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Office
Stationary Office Equipment
• File cabinets, bookshelves, and large storage equipment
• If not present, person stores few items of information personally
• If an abundance, person stores and values information
Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Office
Props
• Calculators• Personal computers• Pens, pencils, and rulers• If present, person processes data
personally
Chapter 7: Observing Decision Maker & Office
Trade Journals and Newspapers
• Trade journals or newspapers present indicate the person values outside information
• Company reports, memos, policy handbooks indicate the person values internal information