Chapter 7 Notes - Cells

CHAPTER 7 NOTESCHAPTER 7 NOTES

CellsCells

Microscope TypesMicroscope Types

Light MicroscopeLight Microscope

Scanning Electron microscope (SEM)Scanning Electron microscope (SEM)

((Scans the surface of cell)Scans the surface of cell)

Transmission Electron microscopes (TEM)Transmission Electron microscopes (TEM)

(Scans insides of cell)(Scans insides of cell)

CELLSCELLS

The basic building The basic building blocks of all living blocks of all living

thingsthings

Cell TheoryCell Theory

1. All living organisms are made of cells1. All living organisms are made of cells

2.2. Cells are the basic unit of organization in Cells are the basic unit of organization in living thingsliving things

3.3. All cells come from pre-existing cellsAll cells come from pre-existing cells

Structures Common to all cellsStructures Common to all cells

Plasma membranePlasma membrane

CytoplasmCytoplasm

DNA (genetic material)DNA (genetic material)

2-Types of Cells2-Types of Cells

1.1. Prokaryotic cells:Prokaryotic cells:• ((ProPro = before, = before, KaryoKaryo = nucleus) = nucleus)

Do notDo not contain a membrane bound contain a membrane bound

nucleusnucleus

Ex: bacteriaEx: bacteria

Prokaryotic Cell

2. Eukaryotic cells 2. Eukaryotic cells (Eu = true, Karyo = nucleus)(Eu = true, Karyo = nucleus)

Contains a membrane bound nucleus and Contains a membrane bound nucleus and organelles.organelles.

Plant and animal cellsPlant and animal cells

Why are membranes around the Why are membranes around the nucleus important???nucleus important???

The Separation allows more chemical The Separation allows more chemical reactions, leading to more complexity.reactions, leading to more complexity.

Eukaryotic Cell

Cellular OrganellesCellular Organelles

Small membrane bound structures located Small membrane bound structures located within the cell that carry on specialized within the cell that carry on specialized

functions.functions.(Just like we have organs within our bodies that carry out (Just like we have organs within our bodies that carry out

specialized functions)specialized functions)

Plasma MembranePlasma Membrane

Controls what goes Controls what goes into and outinto and out of the cell of the cell

Selectively permeableSelectively permeable: Allows some : Allows some substances in, while keeping other substances in, while keeping other substances out.substances out.

Phospholipid bi-layerPhospholipid bi-layer

Phospholipid

Fluid Mosaic Model of the Plasma Fluid Mosaic Model of the Plasma MembraneMembrane

Cell WallCell Wall

Found in plant cellsFound in plant cells

Provides structure and supportProvides structure and support

Cell Wall

NucleusNucleus

The control center for the cellThe control center for the cell

Contains the DNA (genetic instructions) for Contains the DNA (genetic instructions) for the cellthe cell

Nucleus via TEM

RibosomesRibosomes

Protein productionProtein production

Free floating or attached to the Free floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulumendoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2-typesEndoplasmic Reticulum 2-types

Transportation and chemical reactionsTransportation and chemical reactions

1.Rough ER1.Rough ER: Ribosomes are attached : Ribosomes are attached giving a rough appearance (some proteins giving a rough appearance (some proteins

produced)produced)

ER Types Cont…ER Types Cont…

2. Smooth ER2. Smooth ER

Lacks ribosomes which gives it a smooth Lacks ribosomes which gives it a smooth appearance.appearance.

Some lipids produced hereSome lipids produced here

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus

Also referred to as golgi body or golgi Also referred to as golgi body or golgi complexcomplex

Modifies, packages, and transports Modifies, packages, and transports materialsmaterials

Golgi Apparatus

VacuolesVacuoles

Storage tanksStorage tanks

Larger in plants cellsLarger in plants cells

VacuolesVacuolesPlant vs. AnimalPlant vs. Animal

LysosomesLysosomes

Clean up crewClean up crew

Contains digestive enzymes that break Contains digestive enzymes that break down old worn out cell parts, digest food, down old worn out cell parts, digest food,

and bacteria and virusesand bacteria and viruses

NotNot found in plant cells found in plant cells

ChloroplastChloroplast

Found Found in plant cells onlyin plant cells only

Convert light energy into chemical energy Convert light energy into chemical energy (food)(food)

Contain a pigment called Contain a pigment called chlorophyllchlorophyll that that traps light energy and gives plants their traps light energy and gives plants their

green colorgreen color

Visible Chloroplasts in CellsVisible Chloroplasts in Cells

MitochondriaMitochondria

Power plant:Power plant: convert food into energy the convert food into energy the cell can usecell can use

Contains a outer membrane and a highly Contains a outer membrane and a highly folded inner membranefolded inner membrane

The folds in the inner membrane provide The folds in the inner membrane provide increased surface areaincreased surface area for energy for energy productionproduction

MitochondriaMitochondria

CytoskeletonCytoskeleton

Provide the framework or structure for the Provide the framework or structure for the cellcell

Made up of microfiliments and Made up of microfiliments and microtubulesmicrotubules

Cilia and FlagellaCilia and Flagella

Provide locomotion (movement) and aid in Provide locomotion (movement) and aid in feedingfeeding

Cilia is short and numerousCilia is short and numerous

Flagella are long and fewFlagella are long and few

Cilia And flagellaCilia And flagella

PeroxisomesPeroxisomes

Convert toxic peroxide into waterConvert toxic peroxide into water