Chapter 7 nationalism and sectionalism

Chapter 7 nationalism and sectionalism

Chapter 7 nationalism and sectionalismSection 1: Industry and TransportationObjectivesSummarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of the early 1800s

Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s

Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in the early 1800s Transportation revolutionNew methods of transportation and manufacturing goods changed the way people lived and workedUS set on a course of industrialization Transportation revolutionOriginal 13 states along Atlantic coastMajor settlements along harbors/riversEasier to transportation19th centuryTransportation carts, wagons, sleighs, stagecoaches pulled by horses or oxen on dirt roads

Improving the roadsTurnpikes Roads for which users had to pay a tollToll income meant to be used to pay for new roadsVery few turnpikes actually made moneyMost failed to lower transportation costs or increase the speed of travelNational RoadCountrys lone decent route made of crushed rockExtended from Maryland to the Ohio River in 1818

Steamboat goes commercialSteamboat 1st major major advancement in transportationRobert Fulton, the ClermontSteamboat made travel easier to travel upstream against a currentUsed to take 4 months to travel 1,440 miles from New Orleans to Louisville, KY along MS and OH Rivers steamboat made it in 20 days (1820) 6 days (1838)Revolutionized transatlantic travel1850, steamship crossed Atlantic in 10-14 days, compared to 25-50 days for a sailing ship

Canals boomCanals2nd transportation advance of the early 1800s Nations canal network grew from 100 miles in 1816 to 3,300 miles in 1840 Provided efficient water transportation that linked farms to the expanding cities Eerie Canal Best known canal of the eraCompleted in 1825Ran 363 miles across NY state from Lake Eerie to the Hudson River Before the canal it could cost $100 to ship a ton of freight overland from the Buffalo City to NYCThe canal lowered that cost to $4Eerie Canal helped make NYC the nations greatest commercial centerCity grewCanal also enhanced the value of farmland in the Great Lakes Region7Railroads further ease transportRailroadsMost dramatic advance in the 1800sTechnology mostly developed in Great BritainUsed horses first, then developed steam powered enginesCost less to build than canals and could scale hills easierTrains moved faster than ships and carried more weightEx. a journey from NYC to Detroit, MI took 28 days by boat in 1800, but in 1857 the same trip took 2 days by train

Checkpoint What were the major developments in transportation between 1800 and 1860

WRITE IT DOWN IN YOUR NOTESHomeworkFor homework, students will make a chart titled Transportation and Industry and they will list the causes and effects of each new transportation improvement from 1800-1860.

Technology Sparks industrial growth Industrial Revolution Began in Great Britain in 1700sMachines that were powered by steam or flowing rivers to perform work originally done by handSlaterSamuel Slater, skilled worker built nations 1st water-powered textile mill in 1793 in Pawtucket, RIFather of the Industrial RevolutionLater built more factories family system

Massachusetts industry Francis Cabot Lowell1811, toured Englands factory towns After tour, he was able to organize a company Boston Associates 1813, Associates built their first mill in Waltham, MA (cloth manufacturer)1820s, built more factories on Merrimac River and established a new town called LowellLowell girls Young, unmarried girls recruited from neighboring farmsAfter a few years, mist of the young girls left, got married, and had kids Factory work changes livesMachines increased the speed of work and divided labor into many small tasks done by separate workers Process reduced the amount of skill needed and training required Factory owners can save moneyMachines only make cloth or thread as opposed to final product

Checkpoint: What changes occurred in the United States with the rise of industry in the early 1800sIncreased the speed and volume of the production of goods such as cloth and shoes. It also reduced the amount of skill and training needed for workers who made those goods. Factories in cities grew because of the rise in industry.Inventions transform industry & agricultureInterchangeable partsHelped make factories more efficientEli Whitney introduced the ideaStop assembling weapons one at a time manufacture each individual partInnovation quickens communication1837, Samuel F.B. Morse invented the electric telegraph allowed electrical pulses to travel long distances along metal wires as coded signalsMORSE CODEAgricultureRemained the largest industry despite new innovationsOnly helped farms become more productive and being able to raise larger crops1815, sold only 1/3 of harvest1840, steel plow by John Deere and mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick1860, the previous share doubled (partly because of greater fertility of Midwest soil)

QuestionWhat were the key inventions between 1820 and 1860?The system of interchangeable parts, the sewing machine, the telegraph, the plow, and the reaper