144 Chapter 7 : Mediation Analysis and Hypotheses Testing 7.1. Introduction Data analysis of the mediating hypotheses testing will investigate the impact of mediator on the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. This study examines mediating effect on the direct path between the independent variables and the dependent variable using the Baron and Kenny’s (1986) three-step mediation analysis and chi-square (χ 2 ) difference test. The results of the mediating effect are further confirmed by Sobel’s (1982) test, the Aroian’s (1944) test, and the Goodman’s (1960) test. A variable may be considered a mediator to the extent to which it carries the influence of a given independent variable to a given dependent variable. Mediation can be said to occur when... (1) the independent variable significantly affects the mediator, (2) the independent variable significantly affects the dependent variable in the absence of the mediator, (3) the mediator has a significant unique effect on the dependent variable, and (4) the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable shrinks upon the addition of the mediator to the model. These criteria can be used to informally judge whether or not mediation is occurring, but MacKinnon & Dwyer (1993) and MacKinnon, Warsi, & Dwyer (1995) have popularized statistically based methods by which mediation may be formally assessed by using the Sobel’s (1982) test, the Aroian’s (1944) test, and the Goodman’s (1960) test. These tests consider the unstandardized regression and standard error for the association between independent variable and mediator, and also the unstandardized regression and standard error for the association between mediator and the dependent variable. We propose the following mediating hypothesis: Mediating Hypothesis MedH1 : Teachers Job Contribution (Mediator) significantly mediates the relationship between Teachers Organizational Commitment (Independent Variable) and Teacher’s Engagement (Dependent Variable). Mediating Hypothesis MedH2 : Teachers Job Contribution (Mediator) significantly mediates the relationship between Teachers Perceived Organizational Support (Independent Variable) and Teacher’s Engagement (Dependent Variable).
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144
Chapter 7 : Mediation Analysis and Hypotheses Testing
7.1. Introduction
Data analysis of the mediating hypotheses testing will investigate the impact of mediator on the
relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. This study examines
mediating effect on the direct path between the independent variables and the dependent variable
using the Baron and Kenny’s (1986) three-step mediation analysis and chi-square (χ2) difference
test. The results of the mediating effect are further confirmed by Sobel’s (1982) test, the Aroian’s
(1944) test, and the Goodman’s (1960) test.
A variable may be considered a mediator to the extent to which it carries the influence of a given
independent variable to a given dependent variable. Mediation can be said to occur when...
(1) the independent variable significantly affects the mediator,
(2) the independent variable significantly affects the dependent variable in the absence of the
mediator,
(3) the mediator has a significant unique effect on the dependent variable, and
(4) the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable shrinks upon the addition of
the mediator to the model.
These criteria can be used to informally judge whether or not mediation is occurring, but
MacKinnon & Dwyer (1993) and MacKinnon, Warsi, & Dwyer (1995) have popularized
statistically based methods by which mediation may be formally assessed by using the Sobel’s
(1982) test, the Aroian’s (1944) test, and the Goodman’s (1960) test. These tests consider the
unstandardized regression and standard error for the association between independent variable and
mediator, and also the unstandardized regression and standard error for the association between