VOCABULARY particle theory of matter heat kinetic energy temperature thermal energy thermal expansion thermal contraction 7 CHAPTER 8 Chapter 7 • Heating and Cooling NEL Heating and Cooling KEY QUESTION: How does heat affect matter? Looking Ahead Heating and cooling are important in everyday natural and artificial processes. The particle theory explains heating and cooling. Heat is the transfer of energy from warmer substances to cooler substances. Most materials expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled. Investigation skills can be used to learn about expansion and contraction of different materials.