Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function (Aligned with 7.1 Intro Sheet and 7.2 Cell Structure Chart) IMPORTANT: My hope is that you will use this on your computer as a way to ensure that your chart is filled in completely. If you MUST print it out, please make sure you print SIX SLIDES PER PAGE!! Save a tree!!
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Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function (Aligned with 7.1 Intro Sheet and 7.2 Cell Structure Chart) IMPORTANT: My hope is that you will use this on your.
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Chapter 7Cell Structure and Function (Aligned with 7.1 Intro Sheet and 7.2 Cell Structure Chart)
IMPORTANT: My hope is that you will use this on your computer as a way to ensure that your chart is filled in completely. If you MUST print it out, please make sure you print SIX SLIDES PER PAGE!! Save a tree!!
7-1 Life is Cellular
A. Cells – basic units of structure and function in living things
B. Early scientists that led to the cell theory
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1600s) – given credit for developing the 1st mini microscope, looked at pond water and made detailed drawings
Robert Hooke – coined the term “cell” when he looked at slices of cork and dead plant cells
Robert Brown (1833) – observed a dark structure near the center of the cell (we now know this is the nucleus)
Matthias Schleiden (1838) – stated all plants are made of cells
Theodore Schwann (1839) – stated all animals are made from cells
Rudolph Virchow (1855) - stated all cells come from the division of preexisting cells
Lorenz Oken – stated all new cells are the result of division of preexisting cells…VIRCHOW STOLE HIS THUNDER
C. Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
Structure: NUCLEOLUS – a small, darkened region in the
nucleus that is made up of RNA and proteins, this is where ribosomes are made
CHROMOSOMES – large structures formed from DNA that contain the genetic info CHROMATIN – uncondensed DNA found in non-
dividing cells NUCLEAR ENVELOPE – double membrane
around the nucleus that contains pores, allows molecules to move in and out of the nucleus, and protects the nucleus NUCLEAR PORES – allows passage of materials
into or out of nucleus (RNA, ribosomes)
Nucleus
Nucleus
ORGANELLES THAT STORE, CLEAN UP, SUPPORT: VACUOLE
Structure: Large, central structure in plants Many, small, circular structures in animal cells Filled with liquid
Function: Storage of water, salts, proteins,
carbohydrates, waste products Pressure system for plants, prevents wilting Special case: contractile vacuole - prevents
excess water intake, leading to cell-bursting
Store and move materials between cell
organelles and to/from cell surface
ORGANELLES THAT STORE, CLEANUP, SUPPORT: VESICLE
ORGANELLES THAT STORE, CLEAN
UP, SUPPORT: LYSOSOME
Structure: Small, circular structures Found only in animal cells Contain digestive enzymes
Function: Digestion of:
Worn out organellesDebris Large ingested particles
Lysosomes are responsible for your hands not being webbed!!
Lysosome
ORGANELLES THAT STORE, CLEAN UP, SUPPORT: CYTOSKELETON
Structure: Hollow tubes of proteins Examples: cilia, flagella, centrioles
Function: Framework Provide cell with support, structure and shape Movement (cilia, flagella)
Microfilaments - allow movement of cytoplasm within the cell (cytoplasmic streaming)
Microtubules - Maintain cell shape, make up cilia, flagella and centrioles
ORGANELLES THAT STORE, CLEAN UP, SUPPORT: CENTRIOLES
Function: Regulates what enters and leaves the cell Semi-permeable membrane Protection and support
Cell/Plasma Membrane
CELLULAR BOUNDRIES:CYTOPLASM
Material between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Contains the organelles of the cell
QUESTIONS: Describe the steps involved in the synthesis, packaging, and exporting of a protein from
a cell. Proteins assembled on ribosomes (if targeted for export to cm or to
specialized locations w/in cell, complete their assembly on RER protein in vesicle Golgi apparatus (further modifies, proteins before sorting and packaging them in membrane bound vesicles vesicle final destination
What are the two major parts of the cell? Cytoplasm with organelles, and nucleus
How do contractive vacuoles help maintain water balance? Pump out excess water
What is the difference between rough and smooth ER? Rough has ribosomes, smooth does not
Why is the cell membrane sometimes referred to as a fluid mosaic? What part of the cell membrane acts like a fluid? And what makes it like a mosaic? It is made of many parts (like a mosaic) that can float around in the fluid
phospholipid bilayer How do the properties of lipids help explain the structure of the cell membrane?
Hydrophilic lipid heads are attracted to water, hydrophobic fatty acid tails turn away from water. A bilayer forms when heads turn outward towards water inside and outside a cell
Why do you think it’s important that cell membranes are selectively permeable? Allows needed substances to enter and wastes to leave, while keeping