American Anthem Modern American History Chapter 7 Entering The World Stage 1898-1917 Copyright © 2009, Mr. Ellington Ruben S. Ayala High School Columbus statute in Rhode Island
American AnthemModern American History
Chapter 7
Entering The World Stage
1898-1917
Copyright © 2009, Mr. Ellington
Ruben S. Ayala High School
Columbus statute in
Rhode Island
1. The Lure of Imperialism
A: Imperialist Activity
B: Taking Control of Hawaii
C: Influence in China
D: Influence in Japan
2. The Spanish-American War
A: Simmering Unrest in Cuba
B: Americans Get War Fever
C: The Course of War
D: Annexing the Philippines
3. Roosevelt and Latin America
A: Cuba and Puerto Rico
B: The Panama Canal
C: The Roosevelt Corollary
D: Reshaping U.S. Diplomacy
4. Wilson and the Mexican Revolution
A: Dictatorship Sparks a Revolution
B: The United States Intervene
C: The Revolution Concludes
Columbus statute in
Rhode Island
Chapter 7: Entering the World Stage, 1898-1917
Part 1: The Lure of Imperialism
Section 1A: Imperialist Activity
• In 1867 US bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
• World powers, led by England scrambled to build their own empires in the late 1800s and early 1900s
Part 1: The Lure of Imperialism
Section 1B:Taking Control of Hawaii
• American missionaries and traders started settling in Hawaii in the 1820s bringing disease and the Island under American influence
• In 1893, American sugarcane planters gained overthrew Queen Liliuokalani and asked to be annexed by the US
• After a 5 year wait, Congress narrowly approved Hawaii’s annexation
Part 1: The Lure of Imperialism
Section 1C: Influence in China
• In 1890s, China was carved up into several “spheres of influence”
• US Secretary of State, John Hay, proposed an “Open Door” policy for China in hopes of allowing US access to China’s markets
• Boxer Rebellion of Chinese nationalists was put down by 20,000 foreign troops and increased support for US Open Door policy
Part 1: The Lure of Imperialism
Section 1D: Influence in Japan
• In the mid-1800s, Japan decided to modernize and industrialize to compete with the US and European powers
• Japan gained influence after it seized Taiwan and attacked Russia
• In 1907, TR sent our “Great White Fleet” to impress Japan’s military
1853 Japanese View of Commodore Perry1853 Japanese View of Commodore Perry
Part 2: The Spanish-American War
Section 2A: Simmering Unrest in Cuba
• By 1890, Spain had lost all its N. American colonies except Cuba
• Spanish forces brutally repressed Cuban rebels and thousands of Cubans died from disease in concentration camps
Part 2: The Spanish-American War
Section 2B: Americans Get War Fever
• Many Americans sympathized with Cuban’s desire for independence
• Main causes for US declaring war on Spain: (1) Yellow journalism, (2) The de Lôme letter, (3) Explosion of USS Maine in Havana harbor
• The US promised Cuba its freedom in the Teller Amendment days before war started
Part 2: The Spanish-American War
Section 2C: The Course of War
• Dewey’s surprise defeat of the Spanish fleet and Emilio Aguinaldo’s rebels’ capture of Manila led to Aug. 1898 US capture of Philippines
• US soldiers were poorly equipped and many died from disease
• Most soldiers, such as the Rough Riders, were volunteers
• US captured Cuba and Puerto Rico after several weeks of fighting
• War cost $250 million and thousands of lives, but it gave the US an empire
Part 2: The Spanish-American War
Section 2D: Annexing the Philippines
• Expansionists argued in favor of annexation on economic, strategic, and humanitarian grounds, while other opposed it as a violation of America’s democratic ideals and feared a wave of new immigrants
• Decision to annex led to a bloody 3 year uprising and many deaths
17th US Infantry in burning Philippine city
Part 3: Roosevelt and Latin America
Section 3A: Cuba and Puerto Rico
• US Army doctors helped eradicate yellow fever in Cuba in 6 months
• Cuba was forced to write a new constitution with the Platt Amendment that allowed US to intervene if it deemed necessary
• Puerto Rico became a US territory and later its people were given US citizenship and it eventually became a self-governing commonwealth
Part 3: Roosevelt and Latin America
Section 3B:The Panama Canal
• French had tried and failed to build a canal in Panama in the 1880s
• After the Columbian Senate rejected a US canal treaty, Roosevelt supported a revolution in Panama and then signed a treaty with the new country
• The canal took 44,000 workers ten years to build and is one of the great engineering feats of the 20th century
Part 3: Roosevelt and Latin America
Section 3C:The Roosevelt Corollary
• The 1823 Monroe Doctrine had warned European countries not to colonize in the Americas but TR feared debts would undo it
• The Roosevelt Corollary made the US a police power in the Western Hemisphere and had the US collect foreign debts to prevent conflict
Part 3: Roosevelt and Latin America
Section 3D: Reshaping U.S. Diplomacy
• Taft supported “Dollar Diplomacy” which promoted US economic interests and used them to achieve American policy goals
• Wilson favored moral diplomacy, emphasizing humanitarianism
Part 4: Wilson and the Mexican Revolution
Section 4A: Dictatorship Sparks a Revolution
• Porfirio Diaz ruled Mexico as a dictator from 1877-1910 until he was overthrown by a series of uprisings in different parts of the country
• Victoriano Huerta murdered the newly elected president, Madero, in 1913 leading to chaos throughout the country
Diaz Zapata Madero Huerta
Part 4: Wilson and the Mexican Revolution
Section 4B: The United States Intervenes
• Wilson refused to recognize Huerta’s government and was angered by the brief arrest of US sailors (the Tampico incident)
• To stop a German arms shipment, Wilson ordered the occupation of Vera Cruz costing hundreds of lives and almost leading to war
• Mediation by the ABC powers led the US to withdraw in 6 months
Part 4: Wilson and the Mexican Revolution
Section 4C:The Revolution Concludes
• After Huerta fled, the US supported Carranza against Zapata and Villa who Wilson feared might confiscate US property in Mexico
• In retaliation, Villa attacked Americans along the border and was unsuccessfully pursued by the US Army for over a year