Chapter 6 units 1-3 By: Wyatt Pauline
Chapter 6 units 1-3By: Wyatt Pauline
Section 1
The old Regime
France still clung to an outdated social system that had emerged ion the middle ages.
Ancien regime or old order
France belonged to 3 classes The first estate (made up of clergy) Second estate( Made up of the Nobility) Third estate(vast majority of the population)
Cont…
Church had exerted great influence throughout Christian Europe.
Clergy still enjoyed enormous wealth and privilege.
Church owned about 10%of the land, collected tithes, and paid no direct taxes to the state
High church leaders as the bishops, and abbots we usually nobles the lived very well
Cont…
Nobilities of the French society
Middle ages noble nights defended the land
Richelieu and Louis XIV had crushed the nobles’ and gave them other rights
Rights include top jobs in government, army, the court, and church
Cont….
27 million people, or 98 % of the population
At the top sat the Bourgeoisie- middle class
Bulk of the third class 9/10 people in France were rural peasant's
Poorest members are Urban workers
Cont…
From rich to poor members of the third estate resented the privileges enjoyed by their social ”betters”.
Peasants were burdened by taxes and everything on the land to soap to salt
Economic troubles
Economic woes added to the social unrest and heightened tensions.
Deficit Spending- Government’s spending more money then it takes in
Louis XIV had left France deeply in debt
To solve financial crisis, the government would have to increase taxes, reduce expenses, or both.
Cont…
Other economic troubles added to the financial crisis general decline begun in 1700s
the late 1780s that harvest to send food prices soaring and brought hunger to pour peasants and city dwellers
The heirs of Louis XIV were not the right man to solve the economic crisis that afflicted France
Louis XVI Calls the Estate Generals
As 1788 came to a close, France tottered on the verge of bankruptcy.
In preparation Louis had all three estates prepare Cahiers or notebooks listening their Grievances
Cahiers testified to boiling class resentment.
One called tax collection “bloodsuckers of the nation who drink the tears of the unfortunate from goblets of gold”.
Cont…
Third estate were elected through only propertied men could vote
Followed the king to Paris
Members worked to draft a constitution
Section 2
Creating a New France
The political crisis of 1789 coincided with the worst famine in memory
Starving peasants roam the countryside or flocks of towns
In such despair times rumors ran wild and set off what was later called “The Great Fear”
Paris, too, was in turmoil
Cont…
The capital and chief City of France, it was a long revolutionary center
Variety of fractions or small groups, competed to gain power
More radical groups, the Paris Commune, replaced the royal government of the city
Cont…
Peasant uprising and the storming of the Bastille stampeded the National Assembly into Action
On August 4, in a combative all-night meeting nobles in the National Assembly voted to end their privileges
“Feudalism is abolished” announced the proud and weary delegates at 2 a.m.
In late August, as the first step toward writing a constitution , the Assembly issued the Declaration of the rights of the Declaration of Independence.
Cont…
Declaration further proclaimed that all male citizens were equal before law
Uncertain and hesitant , Louis XVI was slow to accept the reform to the National Assembly.
October 5, thousand od women streamed down the road that led from Paris to Versailles.
Much of the crowd’s anger was directed at the Queen, Marie Antoinette.
Cont…
Ever since she married Louis in 1770, she had come under attack for being frivolous and extravagant
The women refused to leave Versailles until the king met their most important demand –to return to Paris
Reorganizing the church National assembly put French Catholic Church under the states control
National Assembly finished its main task by creating a constitution in 1791
Cont..
Set up a limited monarchy
Events in France led to debate around Europe.
English supporters applauded National Assembly's reforms
French experiment was looked at as the start of new age for equality and justice
Border patrols were increased by the European rulers to stop spread of “French plague”
Section 3
Radical Days
The Monarchy Abolished
War heightened tensions
Prussia troop were defeating inferior French troops
Royalist officers left French army
Outbreaks of violence
Revolutionist though king was in line with invaders
Violence increases due to this
Cont…
August 10, 1742 revolutionaries laughter kings guard
Royal families flee to legislative assembly
Citizens attacked prisons with priests and others
Prisoners were killed
Convention met in September 1792 to declare France a republic
Deputies drew up new constitution
Jacobins erased all evidence of Monarchy
Cont…
The French Republic
Radicals tool control of legislative assembly
Wanted new legislative body called national convention
Suffrage would be extended to all male citizens
Cont…
The convention defends the republic
Early 1793 All sides of France was threatened with danger At war with parts of Europe
Britain Netherlands Spain Prussia
Cont…
Vendee of France (royalist and priests) Led rebellions and peasants against the government.
Paris San-culottes demanded relief from infatuation and for
the shortage of food. Convention was divided into Jacobins, and Gironde's
Cont…
Committee of Public safety Committee of public safety was created to deal with
threats to France 12 member committee Had absolute power Prepared France for an all out war
French recruits marched off to defend the republic.
Later invaded Italy
Cont…
Robespierre Government battled counterrevolutionaries under the guiding hand Had embraced Rousseau’s idea of the general will Promoted religious toleration and wanted to abolish slavery Popular with sans-culottes
Hated old regime as much as he did Believed that France can achieve a “republic of virtue” Engine of terror
Guillotine Fast falling blade extinguished life quickly Invented by Dr. Joseph Guillotine Introduced as a humane method of beheading Symbol of horror
Cont…
Reaction of the directory
Entered a third stage of terror
Constitution of 1795 set up a 5 men directory and a 2 house legislature elected by male citizens of property.
Politicians planned to use him to advance their own goals
Cont..
Women in the revolution
Women in all classes participated in the revolution
Women in Paris formed political clubs
Jeanne Ronald was a noted leader
Cont..
Changes in Daily Life
1799 10 year old French revolution
dramatically changed France Dislodged the old social order
Nationalism Definition: A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to
ones country Revolution and war
Cont….
Social Reform Revolutionaries ran for social reforms and religious
toleration Had set up a couple of state schools
The Arts France adopted a grand classical style Jacques Louis David immortalized on canvas