Chapter 6: The world of Islam (600 – 1500)
Feb 24, 2016
Chapter 6: The world of Islam (600 – 1500)
Section 1: The Rise of Islam
The Arabs Arabian Peninsula Arabs
Sheikh Allah
The Black Stone Kaaba, in the city of Makkah (Mecca).
Section 1: The Rise of Islam
The Life of Muhammad Muhammad
Khadija Revelations from God.
angel Gabriel Quran Islam Muslims Madinah (Medina) Hijrah Bedouin
Hajj
Section 1: The Rise of Islam
The Teachings of Muhammad Islam
Monotheistic Salvation and an afterlife
Muhammad Preacher but not divine
Five Pillars of Islam Belief Prayer Charity Fasting Pilgrimage
Shari’ ah Other principles of behavior
Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors
Creation of an Arab Empire Abu Bakr
Caliph Arab Conquest
Jihad Arab Rule Madinah After Abu Bakr Conquered territories
Muslim administrators were tolerant
Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors
The Umayyads 661 – Mu’awiyah, the governor of Syria became Caliph Calipahate hereditary within his family Established the Umayyad Dynasty – capital from Madinah
to Damascus, Syria Conquests
8th Century North Africa –Berbers 710 – Strait of Gibraltar
Split in Islam The Umayyad Dynasty Revolt in Iraq
Led by Hussein, son of Ali, the Son-in-law of Muhammad The revolt led to split in Islam
Shia Sunni
Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors
The Abbasid Dynasty In 750, Abu al-‘Abbas, descendant of Muhammad’s uncle,
overthrew the Umayyad Dynasty Abbasid Rule
new capital in Bagdad influence from the Persians ideal citizens
Harun al-Rashid al-Ma’mun
Trade routes The bureaucracy of the Caliph
Vizier, advised the Caliph Decline and Division
Problems did exist Rulers within the Empire would break away from the empire
Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors
Seljuk Turks and the Crusades The Fatimids The Seljuk Turks
Nomadic people from central Asia Sultan – “holder of power” The battle of Manzikert in 1071
The Crusades The Byzantine Emperor Alexius I 1169 – Saladin
Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors
The Mongols Nomadic tribe, horse riding and very
destructive 1258 – Hulegu
strong hatred of Islam Mamluks
Eventually the Mongols in the region converted to Islam
Section 3: Islamic Civilization
Prosperity in the Islamic World Trade was a key Morocco Role of the Cities
Great Cities: Bagdad, Iran – Abbasid Dynasty Cairo, Egypt, - Fatimids Dynasty Damascus, Syria – Umayyad Dynasty
Islamic cities were distinctive – Impressive structures were palaces, of the caliphs, and Mosques
Bazaars – covered market The Importance of Farming
Section 3: Islamic Civilization
Islamic Society Politics, economics, and social life are all
covered in Islamic Teachings Social Structure
All Muslim people are equal in the eyes of Allah Non-Muslims were not equal
Slaves Slaves would serve in the military Slave women were domestic servants Islamic law stated that slaves should be treated fairly and
should eventually be able to gain their freedom
Section 3: Islamic Civilization
The Role of WomenQuran – men and women were spiritual and
social equals WomenFamily and societyAll women had a male guardian (Adult family
member)Men had to pay a dowry Older customs
Section 4: The Culture of Islam
Philosophy, Science and History Arabs – Translated Greek philosophy – Plato and Aristotle
into Arabic Preservation of Knowledge Islamic Advancements
Islamic Scholars Ibn-Rushd Scholars – contributions in mathematics and sciences Numerical system Astronomy
Astrolabe Medicine
Ibn Sina History
Ibn-Khaldun Muqaddimah
Section 4: The Culture of Islam
Literature Omar Kyayyam (KY-YAHM) – wrote Rubaiyat and
The 1001 Nights also called The Arabian Nights – a collection of folktales, fables and romance.
Story of Aladdin and the magic lamp was added later along with other stories
Section 4: The Culture of Islam
Art and Architecture Mix of Arab, Persian, and Turkish Art in their Architecture Mosques
Samarra Mosque Minaret muezzin
Palaces Alhambra
Art