Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks[1] (1)

7/30/2019 Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks[1] (1)

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Sequence the formation of sedimentary rocks

Explain the process of lithification Describe features of sedimentary rocks


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Mechanical/Physical

Breakdown of rock

Does not change therocks composition

Only changes size andshape

Chemical

Changes the chemical

composition of rocks Acid rain, rust, calcite*


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Weathering and Erosion

Breakdown of rocks = weathering

Small particles of rocks = sediments

Particles range from really small to very large

Movement of sediments = erosion

Deposition Sediments have been carried then deposited

Larger sediments deposit first


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Lithification

Sediments are turned into sedimentary rocks

Compaction

Particles pushed together due to more and more deposition

Water and air gets squeezed out

Cementation Minerals grow and cement compressed particles together


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Sedimentary Features

Bedding

The making of layers that go horizontal in the rocks

Graded bedding

Small particles layer at the top of a layer

Larger particles layer are at the bottom layer Cross bedding


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Ripple marks

Small ridges made by wind, waves or river current

Sorting and Rounding

Harder minerals generally take long to break apart

When sediments move they break apart and getrounded


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Describe the types of clastic sedimentary rocks

Explain how chemical sedimentary rocks form

Describe biochemical sedimentary rocks


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Types of Sedimentary rocks

Clastic

Rocks made of particles of other rocks

Coarse grained

Gravel sized particles

Medium grained

Sand sized particles

Fine grained

Silt/clay size particles


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Chemical and Biochemical

Result due to evaporation and precipitation of

minerals

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

Crystals precipitate out due to saturation

Crystals settle on the bottom

Called evaporites


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Biochemical

Formed from the remains of once living things

Shells settle on bottom are buried

Lithification then occurs

Water gets pushed out

Rocks like limestone are made


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Compare and Contrast the different types andcauses of metamorphism

Distinguish among metamorphic textures

Explain how mineral and compositional changesoccur during metamorphism

Apply the rock cycle to explain how rocks areclassified


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Recognize metamorphic rocks

Metamorphism = to change

Changes result due to heat and pressure

High heat needed for metamorphism comes from theearths interior


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Metamorphic Textures

Foliated

Rocks that have undergone great pressure

Cause mineral to be compressed

This compression causes rocks to have layers

Non-Foliated

Rocks that have undergone great pressure and heat


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Types of Metamorphism

Regional

High temperatures and pressure affect an entire area

Contact metamorphism

Magma comes into contact with already existing rocks

changes the existing rocks Hydrothermal metamorphism

Hot water reacts with rocks

Gold, copper, zinc, and lead are formed this way


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Economic Importance of Metamorphic Rocks

Trade materialsGold, silver, copper and lead

Building materialsmarble, slate


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Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks[1] (1)

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