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Slide 1
Chapter 6 Religion
Slide 2
Key Issue 1 Where are Religions Distributed? Two types of
religions Universalizing Religion: attempt to be global, appeal to
all people, no matter where they live, 62% of world Ethnic
Religion: appeals primarily to one group living in one place, 24%
of world
Slide 3
Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism Three main universalizing
religions Each is divided into branches Branches can be divided
into denominations Sects are small groups broken away from a
denomination
Slide 4
Christianity More than 2 billion adherents, more than any other
world religion Most widespread distribution Predominant religion in
North America, South America, Europe and Australia Also, some
countries in Africa & Asia are predominately Christian
Slide 5
Branches of Christianity Three Major Branches Roman Catholic:
52% of worlds Christians Protestant: 21% Eastern Orthodox: 10% 22%
do not fall under the 3 major branches 5% unaffiliated with any
church, but are Christian
Slide 6
Christianity in Europe
Slide 7
Roman Catholicism Dominant Christian Branch in Southwest and
East Protestantism Northwest Eastern Orthodox East and
southeast
Slide 8
Europe Regions of Roman Catholic and Protestant majorities
Sharp boundaries, either by country or a dividing line within the
country Eastern Orthodox Collection of 14 self-governing churches
in Eastern Europe & Middle East Christianity came to Russia in
10 th Century Russian Orthodox Church: 16 th Century Romanian
Orthodox Church: 20% of all Eastern Orthodox Christians
Slide 9
Christianity in Western Hemisphere 90% of people in Western
Hemisphere are Christian 5%: other religion 6%: no religion Roman
Catholics: 93% of Christians in Latin America 29% in North America:
Clustered in Southwestern & Northeastern United States &
Quebec in Canada
Slide 10
Christianity in Western Hemisphere United States Protestants:
28% of US population Baptists: southeast (most popular of Prot)
Lutherans: upper Midwest Mormon: Methodists
Slide 11
Clusters in US
Slide 12
Smaller Branches of Christanity Some developed independently
from three main branches Isolation during development of
Christianity 1) Coptic Church: Egypt 2) Ethiopian Church (split
from Egyptian Coptic Church, 1948) Both trace roots to 4 th century
Two shipwrecked Christians, taken as slaves, converted Ethiopian
king to Christianity
Slide 13
Smaller branches of Christianity Armenian Church (Syria)
Diffused Christianity to South and East Asia, 7 th - 13 th
Centuries Smaller following, but plays a significant role in
regional conflicts Armenian Christians vs Shiite Muslim in
Azerbaijan NY Times Article
Slide 14
Smaller Branches of Christianity United States Church of
Latter-Day Saints (Mormons), 3% of US Consider their church to be
separate from other branches Large clustering in Utah and
surrounding areas
Slide 15
Facts about Mormons religionfacts.com Active full-time
volunteer missionaries Belief in modern prophets, beginning with
Joseph Smith, Jr., and continuing today with Gordon B. Hinckley
Acceptance of the Bible, the Book of Mormon, Doctrine and
Covenants, and The Pearl of Great Price as works of scripture A
dietary code called the Word of Wisdom, currently requiring
abstinence from alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea, and illegal drugs;
caffeinated soft drinks are left to individual discretion. Belief
in God the Father, the Son (Christ), and the Holy Ghost existing as
three separate individual beings or personages Belief in a form of
theosis called exaltation or eternal progression Formerly
practicing polygamy (plural marriage) Wearing ceremonial temple
garments under their daily clothes Performing baptisms for the
dead, and other ordinances by proxy, in temples and doing attendant
genealogical research.
Slide 16
Islam Predominant religion of the Middle East from North Africa
to Central Asia Half of worlds Muslims lives outside Middle East:
Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India Islam in Arabic means
submission to the will of God Muslims are ones who surrender to God
in Arabic
Slide 17
Islam 5 Pillars 1. There is no god worth of worship except the
one God, the source of all creation, and Muhammad is the messenger
of God 2. Five times daily, a Muslim prays, facing the citty of
Mecca, as a direct link to God 3. A Muslim gives generously to
charity, as an act of purification and growth 4. A Muslim fasts
during the month of Ramadan, as an act of self-purification If
physically and financially able, a Muslim makes a pilgrimage to
Makkah
Slide 18
Branches of Islam Two important branches: Sunni & Shiite
Sunnis: 83% of Muslims, largest branch in most Muslim countries in
the Middle East Shiites: 16% of Muslims, clustered. 30% of all
Shiites live in Iran, 15% in Pakistan, 10% in Iraq. 90% of
population in Azerbaijan, Iraq, Oman, Bahrain
Slide 19
Islam in North America and Europe Increasing rapidly in recent
years Europe: 5% Muslims France has largest Muslim population, 4
million, migration from North Africa Germany: 3 million, migration
from Turkey Southeast Europe (Albania, Bosnia, Serbia) 2 million
Muslims
Slide 20
United States & Canada Today: Home to 5 million Muslims
1990: only a few hundred thousand Nation of Islam: Black Muslims,
founded in Detroit 1930 Elijah Muhammad messenger of Allah Tension
between Malcolm X & Muhammad led to divided sects, 1960s
Slide 21
Buddhism Third of worlds major universalizing religions 400
million adherents Mostly in China & Southeast Asia Represented
by the Four Noble Truths Someone can be Buddhist AND a believer in
other Eastern religions
Slide 22
Four Noble Truths 1. All living beings must endure suffering 2.
Suffering, which is caused by a desire to live, leads to
reincarnation 3. The goal of all existences is to escpae from
suffering and the endless cycle of reincarnation into Nirvana,
which is achieved through mental and moral self- purification 4.
Nirvana is attained though an Eightfold Path, which includes
rightness of belief, resolve, speech, action, livelihood, effort,
thought and meditation
Slide 23
Buddhism Split into more than one branch Followers disagreed on
interpretation Main branches: Mahayana 56% of Buddhists, China
Japan Korea Theravada 38% of Buddhists Cambodia Laos Myanmar Sri
Lanka and Thailand Tantrayana 6% Tibet and Mongolia
Slide 24
Other Universalizing Religions Sikhism, 25 million, Punjab
region of India Bahais, 8 million, dispersed mostly in Africa &
Asia
Slide 25
Sikhism First Guru (religious teacher / enlightener): Nanak
(1469-1538) in Punjab region (Pakistan) Believe in a formless God
with many names Meditation Pray many times a day Prohibited from
worshipping idols or icons Believe in Karma, Reincarnation but
reject Caste System Everyone is equal in Gods eyes Men wear turbans
and never cut beards or hair
Slide 26
Bahai Religion Arose from Islam in 1800s, Iran Promote gender
and race equality Freedom of expression & assembly World peace
& world government Every person has an immortal soul which cant
die, but is free to travel through the sprit world after death
Slide 27
Ethnic Religions Hinduism, 3 rd largest world religion 97% of
Hindus are in India Most of the remaining 3% are in Nepal
Individuals chose best way to worship God Individual pursuits to
reach God
Slide 28
Hinduism Average Hindu has allegiance to a particular God
Vishnu and Siva are most common Purpose of life is to rejoin with
God Samsara: Cycles of Birth, Life, and Death Karma: progress
toward enlightenment Caste System
Slide 29
Other Ethnic Religions East Asia: China & Japan Many
Chinese consider themselves Buddhists and either Confucian, Daoism
or some other Chinese ethnic religion
Slide 30
Confucianism Confucius, philosopher & teacher Taught
correct behavior Ethnic religion because is traditional values are
especially important in Chinese culture Prescribed a series of
ethical principles: Fulfilling obligations Treating others with
sympathy and respect Following traditions
Slide 31
Daoism (Taoism) Founded by Lao-Tse, a contemporary of Confucius
Daoists seek the path or way Find balance of life, Yin and Yang
Myths and legends develop to explain not knowable events
Slide 32
Shintoism Ethnic religion of Japan Forces of nature are divine:
sun, moon, mountains, rivers, etc Became official state religion
under Emperor Meiji (1868-1912) After WWII, Allies ordered Japan to
renounce empire as being divine Still exists in Japan, but no
longer the official state religion
Slide 33
Judaism 6 million Jews live in US 5 million in Israel 2 million
in Europe and 1 million in Asia Heavily concentrated in large US
cities New York of Jewish population Majority in Israel, First
state with Jewish majority since biblical era
Slide 34
Judaism Christianity and Islam find roots in Judaism Jesus was
born a Jew Muhammad traced his ancestry to Abraham Ethnic religion,
based in lands bordering eastern end of Mediterranean Sea First
religion to support monotheism: One God Believe the Messiah will
return, Jews will gather in Israel, resurrection of the dead, 1 st
Temple will be rebuilt
Slide 35
Ethnic African Religions 100 million Africans follow
traditional ethnic religions: animism Believe inanimate ojsects are
animated have spirtis and conscious life Few holy books have been
written Rituals are passed down by generation Monotheistic
concepts, but hierarchy of divinities Numbers are declining bc
Islam & Christianity Majority exists in Botswana Half of
population in Angola, Congo, Madagascar, and more
Slide 36
A large and fundamental division within a religion is a A)
branch B) denomination C) sect D) dialect E) family
Slide 37
A large and fundamental division within a religion is a A)
branch B) denomination C) sect D) dialect E) family
Slide 38
A relatively small group that has broken away from an
established church is a A) branch B) denomination C) sect D)
dialect E) family
Slide 39
A relatively small group that has broken away from an
established church is a A) branch B) denomination C) sect D)
dialect E) family
Slide 40
A universalizing religion A) is based on the physical
characteristics of a particular location on Earth B) appeals to
people living in a wide variety of locations C) is rarely
transmitted through missionaries D) has celebrations based on
seasonal changes E) is less likely to be used as a reason for
violence than ethnic religions
Slide 41
A universalizing religion A) is based on the physical
characteristics of a particular location on Earth B) appeals to
people living in a wide variety of locations C) is rarely
transmitted through missionaries D) has celebrations based on
seasonal changes E) is less likely to be used as a reason for
violence than ethnic religions
Slide 42
The worlds largest universalizing religion is A) Buddhism B)
Christianity C) Hinduism D) Islam E) Shintoism
Slide 43
The worlds largest universalizing religion is A) Buddhism B)
Christianity C) Hinduism D) Islam E) Shintoism
Slide 44
The worlds largest ethnic religion is A) Confucianism B) Daoism
C) Hinduism D) Shintoism E) Islam
Slide 45
The worlds largest ethnic religion is A) Confucianism B) Daoism
C) Hinduism D) Shintoism E) Islam
Slide 46
Which is a branch of Christianity A) Druze B) Eastern Orthodox
C) Shiite D) Theravadist E) Judaism
Slide 47
Which is a branch of Christianity A) Druze B) Eastern Orthodox
C) Shiite D) Theravadist E) Judaism
Slide 48
Which of the following is NOT a universalizing religion? A)
Buddhism B) Sikhism C) Islam D) Judaism E) Christianity
Slide 49
Which of the following is NOT a universalizing religion? A)
Buddhism B) Sikhism C) Islam D) Judaism E) Christianity
Slide 50
Roman Catholics are clustered in the US southwest primarily
because of migration of A) Roman Catholics from Latin America B)
Roman Catholics from the northeast United States C) Roman Catholics
from Ireland D) Protestants to the north E) Protestants to the
east
Slide 51
Roman Catholics are clustered in the US southwest primarily
because of migration of A) Roman Catholics from Latin America B)
Roman Catholics from the northeast United States C) Roman Catholics
from Ireland D) Protestants to the north E) Protestants to the
east
Slide 52
Muslims are clustered in A) Sub-Saharan Africa B) South America
C) Eastern Europe D) East Asia E) the Middle East
Slide 53
Muslims are clustered in A) Sub-Saharan Africa B) South America
C) Eastern Europe D) East Asia E) the Middle East
Slide 54
Lutheranism is an example of a Christian A) branch B)
denomination C) religion D) sect E) family
Slide 55
Lutheranism is an example of a Christian A) branch B)
denomination C) religion D) sect E) family
Slide 56
Eastern Orthodoxy is an example of a Christian A) branch B)
denomination C) religion D) sect E) family
Slide 57
Eastern Orthodoxy is an example of a Christian A) branch B)
denomination C) religion D) sect E) family
Slide 58
The dominant branch of Islam is A) Druze B) Eastern Orthodoxy
C) Sikh D) Sunni E) Shiite
Slide 59
The dominant branch of Islam is A) Druze B) Eastern Orthodoxy
C) Sikh D) Sunni E) Shiite
Slide 60
The belief in the existence of only one god is A) animism B)
cosmogony C) monotheism D) polytheism E) pagan
Slide 61
The belief in the existence of only one god is A) animism B)
cosmogony C) monotheism D) polytheism E) pagan
Slide 62
Animists believe that A) people should complete Gods creation
of the Earth B) inanimate objects and natural events have spirits
C)people should make complete use of the Earths resources D)
natural disasters are preventable E) enlightenment can be achieved
by all people
Slide 63
Animists believe that A) people should complete Gods creation
of the Earth B) inanimate objects and natural events have spirits
C)people should make complete use of the Earths resources D)
natural disasters are preventable E) enlightenment can be achieved
by all people
Slide 64
Adherents of which religion are also likely to believe in other
religions simultaneously? A) Judaism B) Christianity C) Hinduism D)
Islam E) Buddhism
Slide 65
Adherents of which religion are also likely to believe in other
religions simultaneously? A) Judaism B) Christianity C) Hinduism D)
Islam E) Buddhism