Chapter 6 (information system) answer

Learning area 6: INFORMATION SYSTEMS (FORM 5)

DEFINITION:

DATA: like raw material, it is not organized and has a little Value. Include text, numbers, images, audio, video.

INFORMATION: is organized data that is valuable and Meaningful to a specific user.

INFORMATION SYSTEM: is a set of related components that collects Data, processes data and provides information.

Collect data Process data Provide Information

Usage Of Information System In various Field

1. Education

• Keep track statistics & grades • Help teachers & students in online learning & discussion • Store subject content

2. Business

3. Management

• carry out online buying & selling• help plan the delivery of goods and services • make room booking & for checking the best Rates

• see employee records • Analyze products, services & product prices • Keep track of product inventory.

Information Systems Components

Input Process Output

Case study : School System

• Input : students, teachers, textbooks, and teaching facilities.

• Process: teaching and training

• Output: Educated students

Components Of Information Systems

Data

Hardware

Software

Procedures People

5 types of InformationSystem

TransactionProcessing System

(TPS)

Expert System(ES)

Management Information System

(MIS)

Decision Support System

(DSS)

Executive Information System

(EIS)

DATABASEDATABASE Collection of Collection of information on information on specific subjects specific subjects

Can be accessed, Can be accessed, updated, stored, updated, stored, retrieved retrieved

FILEFILE Collection of record.Collection of record. Students record Students record (many students)(many students)

RECORDRECORD Collection of related Collection of related fields. fields.

Students recordStudents record

(1 student)(1 student)

FIELDFIELD One or more One or more

Characters (byte)Characters (byte)

Students ID,Students ID,

Name, addressName, address

BYTE BYTE -Collection of bits.Collection of bits.- 8 bits 8 bits

Eg: s (01010011)Eg: s (01010011)

BITBIT - Represented by - Represented by

0 & 1 0 & 1

-Smallest unit -Smallest unit

0 and 1 0 and 1

Hierarchy Of Data

Binary digit (bit)

Electronic charge

0 OFF

1 ON

BIT ASCII Symbol

00110000 0

00110001 1

BYTE

Customer ID

Name

C001 Ali

C002 Ahmad

Address Phone no.

Engkilili 019-2223333

Lubok Antu 013-5554444

FIELD

Customer ID

Name

C001 Ali

C002 Ahmad

Address Phone no.

Engkilili 019-2223333

Lubok Antu 013-5554444

RECORD

Customer ID

Name

C001 Ali

C002 Ahmad

Address Phone no.

Engkilili 019-2223333

Lubok Antu 013-5554444

FILE

DatabaseIs a structured collection of information on specific Subjects.

Database Management system Is a program that accesses information from a database.Eg: DBMS, ORACLE, SQL Server, Microsoft access.

Meaning of ….

Benefits of Using Database

Data can be shared

Data integrity is assured

Information can be accessed

easily

Minimizes data redundancy

Define the meaning of …...

Primary key • Is a field that uniquely represent each record in

a table. These keys must not have null values.• each table must have at least one primary key.

Foreign key• is a field that matches the primary key in

another table. It contains same data as those of the primary key in the other table.

•May have duplicate values.

Data Manipulation

Data Manipulation refers to the operations of _accessing_,__locating____, _organizing___, _modifying____, and __managing__ data contained in the database.

Data Data manipulation manipulation

Example of statements:Example of statements:

1. update1. update Update the contact number from 03- Update the contact number from 03- 78087614 to 03-78088808. 78087614 to 03-78088808.

2. Insert2. Insert Adding record to a database table.Adding record to a database table.

3. Delete3. Delete Removing record from a database Removing record from a database table.table.

4. Retrieve4. Retrieve Retrieve records from a database table.Retrieve records from a database table.

5. Sort5. Sort Sorting database. Ascending (A-z)Sorting database. Ascending (A-z)

Descending (z-A)Descending (z-A)

6. Filter6. Filter Filtering records from a database table.Filtering records from a database table.

7. Search 7. Search Finding records from a database table.Finding records from a database table.

7 Basic operations of data manipulation

Phases of system development

Analysis Phase • Problem analysis • Identify input, process and output

Design Phase • Design an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Implementation phase • Create the database using database software.

Testing phase • tested by target users. If any errors, developers will •fix the error.

Documentation phase • produce the documents for the program.

Maintenance phase • provide support and monitoring.