CHAPTER 6 DETAILED DESIGN OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY …

Final Report Vol.1 Main Report Chapter 6 Detailed Design of Rural Water Supply Project

NIPPON KOEI 6-1 The Detailed Design Study on TAIYO CONSULTANTS the Rural Water Supply Project in Tunisia

CHAPTER 6 DETAILED DESIGN OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROJECT

6.1 Detailed Design of Subproject

The detailed design components of each subproject are listed in Table 6.1.1, 6.1.2

and each subproject outline is shown in Figure 6.1.1.

6.1.1 Water Source (Intake)

(1) Water Sources for the Project

There are 41 water sources in the Project covering 43 subprojects projected water

supply systems as listed in the following table. Those water sources categorized

five types and their brief descriptions are given below the table.

Water Source Region Number Subproject

Dam North 1 1 Barbara Spring North 2 2 Fatnassa,M’hafdhia

North 9 Rouissat BouSmadah,Tergulech, Chaamba,Hmidet,Daaysia,HenchirTounsi OuedLagsab,SidiHarrath Deep Tube Well

South 7

16 Amairia,Blahdia,Bouchiha,Mahrouga, KahnguetZammour, Thleijia,BatenTrajma

North 4 Chouaoula,Chelalga,Gudifett, Zgainia GR Extension South 2

6 HenchirDhouaher,Ezzahra

North 9 FaidhElAmrine,HmaiemEssoufla,Tyayra,OuledBenMiled,SidiFredj,SidiHammed, Jimla,ElGaria,ElGarrag, SONEDE Connection

South 7

16 Bousslim,ElAitha,ChaabetEjjayer, Bougueddima,Chouamekh,Echguiguia, TarfEllil

Total 41

The allowable and design intakes of 41 subprojects are listed in Table 6.1.3. The

proposed design intake is decided based on the maximum daily demand of year

2017. However, design intake is some times restricted by allowable yield of each

water source. The allowable intake of surface water and spring for each subproject

is authorized by related local water resources office based on the agreement

between AGR and local water resources office. The design intake of tube well

should be considered with allocated and allowable intake of each well, because

some tube wells are used for irrigation and co-operative use with other communities.

The allowable intake of each well is recommended by DGRE. The design intake of



GR Extension and SONEDE connection are also restricted by the allowable intake

which are provided from existing water supply systems.

1) Dam

The northwest mountainous area is divided into two areas by the Oued

Majerda River which flows from west to east. The north mountainous area is

called Kroumiri and Mogod and its geological structure is mainly fissured silt

rock or lime stone. Rainwater consequently infiltrates into the ground easily

and water comes out in many places as springs. However, such high pervious

ground formation condition makes it difficult to find groundwater sources.

Three subprojects in Jendouba, i.e. Ouled Dhifallah, Maalim and Jouaouda

1/battaha, were, therefore, planned to make use stored water of Barbara dam

under an unified water supply system of Complex AEP Barbara. The intake

facilities design applied to dam is attached to Figure 6.1.2.

2) Spring

As described above, subprojects which water source is a spring are located in

Governorates Beja and Le Kef. A spring is generally has been tapped by a

concrete structure. Considering the geological conditions in the area, the time

of which water passes through the ground does not seem so long. It means that

the water from spring is still contaminated and the discharge may have

seasonal fluctuation. The allowable intake was consequently determined

based on the discharge of the water source spring in dry season, i.e. in summer.

Moreover, the Study Team recommended concerned AGR protection of

assumed catchment area from contamination by human activities. The intake

facilities design applied to spring is attached to Figure 6.1.3.

3) Deep Tube Well

Groundwater sources in the subprojects are developed by 16 deep tube wells

in 8 governorates from the North to the South as shown in Table 6.1.4., which

shows the discharge with corresponded drawdown at the pumping test of each

well. The designed pumpage of each subproject of which water source is the

deep tube well is always less than that applied to the pumping test. Further

more, the pump operation hours in general are 16 for the project of which



power source is STEG and 12 for a generator. It therefore does not seem to

affect the groundwater level. The intake facilities design applied to deep tube

well is attached to Figure 6.1.4.

4) Extension GR

If there is an existing water supply system established under the Rural Water

Supply Program executed by CRDA near a subproject and the system has

enough capacity to supply water to another water supply system, the

subproject water source would draw upon such system. Such type of project is

called “Extension GR”.

Though it necessitates to study the following:

a) Necessity of existing facilities alternation such as expansion,

rehabilitation, replacement of equipment, etc.

b) Financial analysis should be made including residual value of existing

facilities

c) Policy whether GIC should be established independently or merged with

an existing GIC which manages the existing system

If the capacity of the water source permits, Extension GR is preferable from

the viewpoint of the whole project cost. The intake facilities design applied to

GR extension is attached to Figure 6.1.5.

5) SONEDE Connection

Similar to above, if the water supply from SONEDE is available near a

subproject area, the subproject planned to connect the projected water supply

system to the SONEDE water supply system under the agreement with

SONEDE. Though a technical study is necessary in case that assured supply

and residual pressure at a connecting point were not enough for a subproject

design, well-controlled quality of water supplied by SONEDE was desirable

for small scale water supply that would be managed by beneficiaries. The

intake facilities design applied to SONEDE connection is attached to Figure

6.1.5.

(2) Scheme Set Out



41 projected water supply systems retained according to the type of water

distribution are distributed as follows:

1) 16 water supply systems designed on deep wells,

2) 16 water supply systems designed on SONEDE connection,

3) 6 water supply systems designed on GR extension (extension from the old

networks undertaken by AGR of CRDA),

4) 2 water supply systems designed on a spring, and

5) 1 water supply system designed on dams, as Complex AEP Barbara.

6.1.2 Classification of Water Delivery System

41 projected water supply systems which consist of 43 subprojects can be classified

regarding their transmission method. The subprojects of Ouled Dhifallah, Maalim,

and Jouaouda 1/ Battaha in Jendouba are considered as a unified water supply

system of Complex AEP Barbara. It is shows in the following table.

Description SONEDE

Connection Deep tube

well GR

extension Spring Dam Total

Gravitational 6 0 2 0 0 8 With pump pressurized One pump 5 12 1 0 0 18 Two and over pumps 0 2 1 1 1 5 Pumps with pressure tanks 1 2 0 0 0 3 Pressure tanks 1* 1 0 0 2 Gravitational with Pressure tanks 2 1 3 Gravitational with Pump 1 1 2

Sub-total 10 16 4 2 1 33 Total 16 16 6 2 1 41

Note: * Tyayra (Ariana) operates with 2 surpressers.

Among 28 systems operating with pumping, five adopt two and over pumps which

are Fatnasssa subproject in Beja using four pumps on a spring source, Ghaamba

subproject in Le Kef and Sidi Harrath-Gouassem subproject in Kasserine using two

pumps on a deep tube well, Chouaoula subproject in Jendouba planned three pumps

on a GR Extension, and Complex AEP Barbara planned seven pumps on the Dam

source. Indeed, a relay pump is adopted with a well pump to avoid using a

generator because no three-phased current is supplied in case of Chaamba

subproject. Sidi Harreth subproject is designed on a deep well aimed to serve two

networks (Sidi Harreth and Torch), which have respective distribution tanks located



on different elevation spots. One pump cannot be applied to the transmission to two

tanks. Therefore, one relay pump is considered just beside the well hosting the well

pump for the two water supply systems. Consequently, for these two subprojects, a

relay pumping station will be constructed respectively just beside the deep tube

well, which may ease the operation of these equipment, namely, that of water

supply systems.

Only one system is designed on a single-phased current for four pumps on a spring.

That is Fatnassa subproject in Beja, the first pumping station is designed for intake

pumps. The intake pumps transmit water to the existing tank, which relays it to a

projected distribution tank supplying water to an existing network. The second

pumping station will be constructed beside the existing tank to pump water up to the

projected tank positioned at a place with sufficient elevation for serving

gravitationally Fatnassa population. Two same capacity pumps will be installed in

each pumping station and operate in parallel because available single-phased motor

pumps can not meet the required specification by only one pump for the system.

Though this is the case of two stations, they are located at around 1,500m from each

other. This distance is not so important for there is only one pump operator to be in

charge of both stations.

Consequently, it can be concluded that the systems are simple and easier to be

managed by future GIC.

The systems provided with pumps that are exposed to high and low pressures due to

a physical wave-swinging phenomenon, widely called as Water Hammer. The most

characteristical reasons of this phenomenon are due to pump stops and closure of a

valve, but it happens under much various circumstances.

Consequences of Water Hammer may be spectacular (pipe bursting or tap snatching,

flattening under low pressure effect), but mostly insidious (material tiredness, pump

rupture, joint aspiration….) and provoke a system yield dimming. In order to

protect the network, diverse systems can be used (chimney, discharge valve, water

hammer balloon…). The protection system that is most frequently used for drinking

water supply projects is that of water hammer balloon. It is a simple protection



system avoiding any head loss. This system consists in a hydro pressure tank filled

up by 2/3 of water with 1/3 of air. Two plays a role of shock absorber due to the

wave-swinging phenomenon described here above.

6.1.3 Power Supply

Out of the 33 systems which adopt pressurized operation, there are eight systems

which will install the pressure tank with a single-phase current power supply.

Out of the other 28 pump operating systems, 23 system operate one, 2 system

operate 2 pumps and remaining 3 system operate 3, 4, and 7 pumps respectively,

then finally 41 pumps will be installed in the Project 2001 using different energy

types shown below:

(1) 23 pumps operating with three-phased current,

(2) 13 pumps operating with single-phased current, and

(3) 4 pumps operating with generator.

Using generators should be limited as much as possible because the fuel purchasing

and generator maintenance may handicap GIC operation. The Study Team state the

case of Chaamba subproject in Le Kef which population claims that with only one

generator the subproject cannot be successful because the area is isolated and away

from fuel service stations. Therefore, using two pumps operating in single-phased

current is proposed. This solution is also adopted for Fatnassa subproject in Béja in

order to avoid using two generators which may increase running costs including

water cost per m3 in addition to the aforesaid disadvantages.

Pump station power supplying in three phase electric current from STEG network

requires installing a transformer. Power of transformer may be designed on the

basis of a power absorbed by pumping motor unit and also another power required

for lighting. After calculating absorbed power (pumping and lighting), a

corresponding transformer is selected among those standardized (10, 16, 25, 30, 40,

63, 80, 100 et 125 kVA). The standard designs concerning as the pumping station

are attached to Figure 6.1.6 ~ 6.1.8.



6.1.4 Treatment

In rural water supply project, the only treatment foreseen is a disinfecting treatment

generally performed with bleach water. On the other hand, concerning Ouled

Dhifallah subproject in Jendouba, which also supplies two other subprojects and

designed on Barbara dam, installing one filtration station is necessary before water

disinfecting process.

In Project 2001, the disinfection by adding javel water (hypochlorite) at a

transmission in general is considered as the treatment except a filtration system

adopted in “Complex AEP Barbara” water supply system which will supply water

to three subprojects in Jendouba governorate: Ouled Dhifallah, Maalim and

Jouaouda 1/battaha.

As explained in Chapter 6.1.1, it is quite difficult to find good groundwater

resources in Jendouba governorate, the population consequently depends on the

surface water resources or springs. These three subprojects were planned to make

use of stored water in dam lake.

Since the intake facilities for such small scale water supply projects had not been

designed in the said dam project, the intake pump was planned to be installed in the

irrigation intake facilities to avoid a little complicated design to meet the water level

fluctuation of dam lake.

Moreover, surface water necessitates, in general, the treatment to reduce its

contained particles, colloid with microbiology until the specified level generally

acknowledged as the drinkable water. In this sense, a package water treatment is

planned to introduce to the projected water supply system considering its easier

O&M. Because a subproject in Jendouba constructed under the Rural Water Supply

Program has been installed and well operated the package water treatment plant.

Therefore, the planned plant for the projects was recommended to adopt same type

of existing one to make future O&M easier by having assistance from the said

subproject. The route for spare parts procurement for the plant is supposed to be



available is another reason.

As detail is described in Figure 6.1.9, the system of the package plant is quite

simple; it has sole function, i.e. filtration, anticipating the good sedimentation

function from the dam reservoir. In fact, the turbidity at the intake point was only 6

NTU while its value at upstream is 16 NTU according to the result of water quality

analysis executed by the Study Team at the end of the rainy season.

Considering above-mentioned conditions, the targeted three project sites are

planned to supply water by one water supply system for making the system

optimum in viewpoints of construction cost, O&M, etc.

The maximum daily water supply, which is the base to determine the capacity of the

plant, is around 700 m3/day according to the socio-economic survey of the said

projects and the plant necessitates around 5% of the necessary treatment water

volume for washing the filter sand. The capacity of the plant, consequently, is

estimated at around 750m3/day.

6.1.5 Disinfecting

12% hypochlorite solution is used for disinfection in the rural water systems. This

solution is familiar in Tunisia by the name of “Javel water”.

The minimum residual free chlorine concentration at the service points is 0.1

mg/liter according to the guideline of SONEDE. Though it depends on raw water

quality regarding microbiological indexes and staying time of water in a system, it

necessitates from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/liter chlorine dose at a pumping station.

DGGR applies 0.8mg/liter of chlorine as the dosage to designing the rural water

supply system considering its small scale. The injection method applied to the

Project 2000 was only that of using volumetric pump to inject “Javel water” to the

transmission pipe. The standard disinfection equipment drawing is attached to

Figure 6.1.7.

As in Tunisia, for disinfecting, 38.52g/L free chlorine bleach water is used.



Diluting this liquid in a preparation basin allows to constitute a solution in

necessary concentration and quantity for insuring an autonomous operation for

several days with a reasonable injection rate. Measuring chlorinating posts is made

in the following way:

(1) Javel water measuring = Pumping rate in l/h x 0,8g/l = …….l/h, 38,52g/l

(2) Injection rate set between 1l/h and 2l/h for pumps with maximum flow rate of

3l/h and between 1.5l/h and 3.5l/h for pumps with maximum flow rate of 5l/h,

and

(3) Desirable autonomous operation between 1 and 3.5 days according to daily

pumping.

6.1.6 Water Storage Tank

Storage tanks serve to store the water needs of population. They are sized so as to

meet one of two values:

(1) 25% of daily peak demand (defined in Chapter 5), and

(2) 50% of average daily demand (defined in Chapter 5).

Selection of volume can follow the following criteria: a semi-buried storage tank

may be sized close to 25% of daily peak demand and water tower for 50% of daily

average, by considering extension problems and marginal price difference on

execution. Another factor is due to pumping by generator that requires ensuring a

more comfortable storage for compensating more extended pump stopping. It is

also valid in case of water coming from irrigations.

Certain subprojects designed on SONEDE connection or GR extension require no

storage tank because water storing may be insured by existing infrastructure.

31 projected water supply systems of 41 will have storage tanks and three systems

were planned to make use of existing tank. Remaining 7 systems do not necessitate

the distribution tank; there are three systems of which distribution will be made by a

pressure tank, six systems which were designed on SONEDE connection and



remaining three which were designed on GR extension will make use of residual

pressure at a connection point of distribution pipeline of the respective systems.

In case of the Complex Bouslim subproject, two distribution tanks are projected in a

big network designed on SONEDE connection. Needs for storing are about 400m3,

therefore, two tanks are planned, one is on pillars having a capacity of 250m3 to

serve the upper located population, another is half-buried type having a capacity of

150m3 designed to supply the lower located population. The standard design of the

semi-buried type tank is attached to Figure 6.1.10.

Subprojects List using Water Storage Tank Type and Volume Subproject Governorate

Semi-buried type、10m3 M’hafdhia-Ghraissia Le Kef Semi-buried type、15m3 Jimla

El Garia Zaghouan Béja

Semi-buried type、20m3 Sidi Fredj Daaysia Ouled Lagsab Amairia

Ben Arous Kasserine Kasserine Sidi Bouzid

Semi-buried type、30m3 Blahdia Mahrouga

Sidi Bouzid Sidi Bouzid

Semi-buried type、40m3 Sidi Hammed Roussat Bougarmine Smadah Terguleche Complexe Barbara

Nabeul Zaghouan Bizerte Bizerte Jendouba

Semi-buried type、50m3 Fatnassa Chououla Complexe Barbara Chaamba-O.El Assel-Hmaidia Hmidet Sidi Harrath-Gouassem Bouchiha Baten Trajma Chouamekh-R.Ennagueb

Béja Jendouba Jendouba Le Kef Kairouan Kasserine Sidi Bouzid Gabes Medenine

Semi-buried type、60m3 Khanguet Zammour Gafsa Semi-buried type、100m3 Complexe Barbara Jendouba Semi-buried type、150m3 Complexe Bouslim Mahdia Elevated tank 25m3 x 15m Henchir Tounsi Kasserine Elevated tank 25m3 x 15m Tarf Ellil Medenine Elevated tank 25m3 x 15m Thleijia Gafsa Elevated tank 25m3 x 15m Complexe Bousmil Mahdia

Water storage tanks are reinforced concrete structure made. The interior should be

waterproofed for minimizing any water leak. Interior waterproofing is ensured

thanks to special mortar coating prepared by cement called SIKA cement.

Water level of the tank is controlled both manually and automatically. In case of

automatic control, the following two methods are applied:



(1) Water level sensor with pilot cable signal transmission

(2) Water level sensor with radio signal transmission

There is another manual control method using pressure sensor to be installed in the

transmission pipeline in the pumping station. It starts manually, stops and is

controlled by a pressure detector.

The selection of a method depends on the distance and ups and downs condition

between the pumping station and the tank. If the topographic conditions allow, the

distance decides the method in general. The following are guidelines for the

selection:

Less than 1 km: Pilot cable

From 1 km to 3 km: Pressure sensor

Over 3 km: Radio (even if less than 3km, topographic condition is

much ups and downs, this system is applied)

The waterproof treatment of the tank is made with cement mortar which contains

chemical agent for water tightness.

6.1.7 Distribution Pipeline and Its Ancillary Facilities

The pipeline networks may be classified in three categories:

(1) Conveyance pipes: this type of pipeline links up connection points on an

existing network (SONEDE or GR network) with pumping stations often also

called relay stations,

(2) Transmission pipes link up pumping stations with water storage tanks, and

(3) Distribution pipes: starting from water storage tanks or connection points in

case of gravitational network up to distribution points.

The pipeline lengths for 43 subprojects per category are:

(1) Conveyance pipes = 27,266 ml (2) Transmission pipes = 79,744 ml (3) Distribution pipes = 443,442 ml



For Project 2001, polyethylene pipes should mostly be used because this type of

pipe offers several advantages:

(1) Polyethylene products are not carcinogenic as is the case for asbestos.

(2) Pipes are easy to handle and place as they are flexible.

(3) Number of accessories is less important because pipes are supplied in roll

shape with a length of 100 meters.

(4) Materials are flexible, likely to absorb shocks.

(5) Pipes are much less expensive than those of cast-iron. Indeed, a linear meter

of cast-iron pipes of 100mm diameter costs about 80DT while a linear meter

of polyethylene in equivalent diameter is about 15DT.

However, since the polyethylene pipe reportedly has the following defects, it should

be transported and handled carefully.

(1) Organic solvent such as toluene, benzene, etc erodes the pipe

(2) Gasoline, kerosene, etc deteriorates the pipe

(3) Sunlight (ultraviolet rays) deteriorates the pipe

On 41 water supply systems, 39 are provided with conveyance and distribution

pipes that are high-density polyethylene made. Only two subprojects have ductile

pipes. That concerns Complex AEP Barbara (Jendouba Governorate), Smadah

(Bizerte Governorate) where geometric heights overrun the polyethylene nominal

pressure of 16 bars.

Pipe setting works may respect the standards of pipeline layout drawings, depths

and slopes. The stadard design of the pipe installation works and the ancillary

equipment are attached to Figure 6.1.11 ~ 6.1.14 respectively.

(1) Layout of pipeline network

Pipeline should be set along existing roads so that it is easy to spot in order to avoid

any pipe damage on probable developing works. The distance with respect to roads

or routes axis should meet the prescriptions of Ministry of equipment, that is to say:



1) 7.5 m for listed roads

2) 15 m for routes

In case of no natural landmark for pipeline, a signposting or boundary marking

should be done every 300 m and at all direction changing.

(2) Covering of pipes

Minimum pipeline covering is 80 cm above upper generatrix. However, it is

desirable not to exceed 1.50 m deep.

(3) Pipe setting slope

Minimum upward and downward slops in the current direction will be respectively

2%o and 4%o.

Conveyance, transmission, and distribution networks are provided with Wash Out

and air bleeding works playing the following roles.

(4) Wash Outs

Works to be used for drainage pipes in case of repairing or maintenance, because

water generally contains dry residues likely to reach 2g/l. Wash outs are also used

for cleaning pipes. In order to wash out all pipes, these works are bottom mounted.

Their handling can be made with direct pass ball type valve taps fixed in manholes.

As a safety and preventive precaution against any destruction likely to be caused by

citizen, all parts mounted in manholes (valves, T pipes, removal parts, accessories,

etc) should be ductile cast-iron made.

(5) Air Valves

Air valves are mounted on top of materials for air bleeding. Indeed, there are two

types used for different three purposes. The purposes of air valves allow to

evacuate air in normal operation and to retake air in case of breakdown.



Consequently, they are recommended especially for transmission pipes.

The single purpose air valves are to allow air to be purged in normal operation.

They are mostly used for distribution and conveyance pipes.

In addition, distribution networks should be provided with pressure control works

of two types as follows:

(6) Break Pressure Tanks

These works are used for decreasing pressure at an appointed point on an

atmospheric pressure network. Break pressure tanks are used when there is an

useless overload still going to increase in pipe. They are mini storage tank of 8m3

capacity provided with floating valves allowing an automatic shut-open function

according to upstream water demand.

(7) Pressure Reducer

Mechanical instruments allowing to control intake and discharging pressures. They

are used to reduce pressures at an appointed value not by bringing it to the

atmospheric pressure. In our case, these devices are used especially for maintaining

the operating pressure at distribution point level to an admissible value, generally

less than 5 bars.

(8) Dividing works

When secondary pipes start from a main pipe, dividing works should be constructed

at its starting point. These works consist of cast-iron parts such as T pipes, reducing

cones, and principally dividing valves. These valves serve to isolate downstream

stubs in case of any breakage or non-payment by beneficiaries.

6.1.8 Service Point

Service points are those of water distribution. Selecting distribution point types

(BF or potence) has been based on the number of beneficiaries and also on the



dispersion rate according to the standard and criteria fixed by DGGR, that is to say

about 100 habitants by BF and up to 200 habitant by potence. Potence is a water

distribution work constructed with a steel pipe of 40mm diameter mounted about

2m above ground level for allowing water tank filling operation. Also, easiness of

access and distance of groups from distribution points (500m for BF and 2km for

potence) have been taken into consideration. On this basis and because the ground

is uneven in northern governorates, potences are practically not used. Indeed, 43

subprojects total up 481 distribution points including 430 communal taps, 23

existing communal taps, and 28 potences. These figures were fixed after discussion

with beneficiary families of each subproject. The north region governorates (those

having a daily peak coefficient of 1.25) count 310 service points including 6

potences only, that is to say 1.9%. Three out of six potences are located especially

in Kasserine, a semi arid area.

The south region governorates (those having a daily peak coefficient of 1.5) count

171 distribution points including 22 potences, that is to say 13%. The number of

potences is relatively higher in the South, which is due to the rate of dispersion,

nature of relief, and customs of citizens for water storage.

The standard design of the communal point and the potance are attached to Figure

6.1.15 and 6.1.16 respectively.

6.2 Construction Plan

6.2.1 Construction Method

(1) Facilities and major work quantities

Construction work is composed of pipe laying, civil work such as reservoir; pump

station, public tap, potence and related structure, and electrification work. Major

construction facilities are shown in Table 6.2.1.

(2) Pipe laying

1) Excavation: Minimum trench width shall be outer diameter of pipe plus

40cm (20cm between trench wall and outside of pipe in both sides).



Minimum trench depth shall be (80cm from top of pipe + outer diameter

of pipe + pipe bed thickness).

a) Sandy soil, cohesive soil, and gravelly soil: Trench shall be excavated

according to the specified width and depth by an excavator with

appropriate width bucket or manually excavated.

b) Rock: Trench shall be made by drill or breaker.

2) Pipe bed: Pipe bed thickness shall be minimum 10cm in normal soil. In

case excavated bed is rock, pipe bed thickness shall be minimum 20cm.

Pipe bed which consists of appropriate excavated soil or sand shall be

compacted with plate-vibrating compactor or rammer.

3) Back filling: Excavated soil shall be used for backfilling except

inappropriate soil. The soil shall be sieved and then only sandy soil shall

be backfilled up to 20cm from the top of the pipe. Backfilling shall be

manually well compacted with plate-vibrating compactor or rammer of

20cm finishing thickness. Minimum covering of soil shall be 60cm from

top of pipe to surface.

4) Pipe jointing works: Polyethylene pipe shall be connected by electric

fusion joint.

(3) Structure work

1) Reinforcing bar

Reinforcing bar shall be used in compliance with the technical specification.

Deformed bars in steel should be of the TUNSID-42 type.

2) Concrete works

a) Concrete mixing:

Test mixing shall be carried out in several compositions and 6 specimens

are prepared from each composition. 3 specimens are tested for 7 days to

have compressive strength and remaining 3 for 28th days for compressive

strength.

b) Casting concrete:

The temperature of the concrete at casting shall be less than 35℃.

Concrete shall be compacted by vibrator or other appropriate method.



Cast concrete shall be cured from bad effects due to low temperature,

drying up, sudden temperature change, etc.

3) Ancillary facilities

Ancillary facilities such as water level sensor, water meter, valves, etc., shall

be installed in compliance with the technical standard or manufacturer’s

instruction.

4) Finishing work

After the completion of structural works, anti-leak mortar shall be executed

inside the tank wall up to a little higher than designed high water level and

painting shall be made outside the tank.

(4) Equipment installation

Equipment such as pump, filtration facility, disinfection facility and so on shall be

installed in principle by supplier under the condition of turn key basis.

(5) Electrical works

Electrical works is contracted out to STEG.

(6) Available workable days

6.2.2 Construction Schedule

Available workable days for construction work are estimated on the basis of rainfall

data in each subproject and holidays. The actual operation hour is assumed to be 8

hours per day.

The structure works proceed in parallel with pipeline works. Work schedule is

made considering work conditions at each site such as weather, topography,

geology, and social condition. 15-30 days are needed for the temporary works. An

average production rate per day per unit or group is 150m for excavation (sandy,

cohesive, gravelly soil), 80m (PEHD DE90-200), 120m(PEHD DE63-75) for pipe

laying, 70m for backfilling. Contractor shall adjust production rate at it's

convenience. It will take 40-60days for structure works such as pump station and



reservoir and 8-12days for small structures works.

6.3 Tender Documents

6.3.1 Tender Documents Components

The tender documents are composed of the following documents:

(1) Procurement and installation of pipe networks and civil works

1) Explanation of tender and draft condition of contract

2) Technical specifications:

a) Procurement of pipes and special parts

b) Installation and equipment of pipe networks

c) Civil works

3) Design Drawings

4) Bill of quantities

(2) Hydro-mechanical and electrical works

1) Explanation of tender and draft condition of contract

2) Technical specifications

3) Bill of quantities (generally included in Bill of quantities of Procurement

and installation of pipe network and civil works)

A model tender documents for the rural water supply projects was made by DGGR

in 1996 and sent to the CRDA. The table of contents on DGGR model tender

document are shown in Table 6.3.1. The CRDA made their tender documents in

accordance with the DGGR Model and conducted their tenders. The tender

documents and contract of the rural water supply project need the approval of the

Contract Committee of the local government as a part of the policy of

decentralization adopted in 1999. So, each CRDA has reviewed and modified the

DGGR model tender documents. The tender documents of almost all the CRDA are

the same as the DGGR Model.

6.3.2 Tendering Method

(1) Procedure of the tender



The tender will be a local competitive open bidding. The bidder has to have a

construction license of the Ministry of Housing and Equipment for the water supply

project, and also be registered as a construction company of water supply project

with CRDA. The public announcement of tender for the construction of subproject

is published in three newspapers in French and Arabic. The implementation of the

subproject, its name, applicant qualification, tender schedule and distribution place

of the tender documents are in the tender announcement.

The tender adopts the two (2)-envelope method: one is the technical proposal and

the other is the cost proposal. The opening of tender may be done in two stages.

The technical proposals are open first and the technical evaluation is done. And

then, the cost proposals of the bidders that have passed the technical competitions

are open. As a part of the policy of decentralization adopted in 1999, the approval

of the tender documents and contract of the water supply project by the Contract

Committee of the local government is mandatory.

(2) Tendering matters and supervision during construction period

The CRDA conducts the tender and is the owner of the subproject. The local

consultants employed by CRDA will conduct the supervision of construction works.

The Japanese Consultant employed by DGGR will assist in the technical aspects

and management of the Project through DGGR.

Tab

le 6

.1.1

Soc

io-e

cono

mic

Con

ditio

ns o

f Eac

h Su

bpro

ject

and

its

Pro

ject

ed W

ater

Dem

and

Gov

erno

rate

Subp

roje

ctW

ater

Sou

rce

Gro

uped

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latio

nin

200

0

Gro

uped

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latio

nin

201

7

Scat

tere

dPo

pula

tion

in 2

000

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tere

dPo

pula

tion

in 2

017

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latio

nin

200

0Po

pula

tion

in 2

017

Dis

pens

ary

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que

Scho

olO

ther

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ilitie

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eep

and

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t

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, Hor

sean

dD

onke

y

Max

imum

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ly W

ater

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ly w

ith L

oss

in 2

002

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ay)

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imum

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ly W

ater

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ly w

ith L

oss

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017

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ay)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly W

ater

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ply

with

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s in

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2 (m

3 /day

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vera

ge D

aily

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er S

uppl

yw

ith L

oss

in 2

017

(m3/

day)

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MR

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FSA



Tab

le 6

.1.2

Pro

ject

ed I

nsta

llatio

ns a

nd F

acili

ties

for

Eac

h Su

bpro

ject

Gov

erno

rate

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roje

ctW

ater

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rce

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latio

nin

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pula

tion

in 2

017

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rage

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ly W

ater

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ply

with

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s in

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aily

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er S

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017

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ber o

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dual

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nect

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latio

n pe

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mer

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152

214

267

310

7.6

442

3019

CO

MPL

EXE

BO

USS

LIM

SON

EDE

CO

NN

ECTI

ON

5,24

56,

426

261.

4737

4.60

423

1013

3.8

132

1610

CO

MPL

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EL A

ITH

ASO

NED

E C

ON

NEC

TIO

N1,

214

1,48

660

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86.6

217

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42

3Su

btot

al6,

459

7,91

232

246

159

310

121.

71

3618

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ENC

HIR

ED

HO

UA

HER

EXTE

NTI

ON

GR

271

295

11.8

616

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273

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11

2K

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NG

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ZA

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OU

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EEP

TUB

E W

ELL

1,63

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781

66.8

593

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74

511

8.7

19

311

THLE

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DEE

P TU

BE

WEL

L1,

492

1,62

570

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94.6

514

311

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37

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otal

3,39

93,

701

149

204

216

811

2.2

21

197

20B

ATE

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RA

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BE

WEL

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747

3,09

292

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99.5

74

330

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23

1000

CH

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AY

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NED

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ON

NEC

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432

013

.52

18.5

74

80.0

42

1EZ

ZAH

RA

EXTE

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ON

GR

198

223

7.49

11.0

03

74.3

31

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btot

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229

3,63

511

412

911

321

3.8

126

55

BO

UG

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ON

NEC

TIO

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941

816

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24.3

66

69.7

81

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HO

UA

ME

KH

- R

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NA

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147

2,81

294

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147.

7213

118

7.5

121

412

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GIU

IGU

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NED

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ON

NEC

TIO

N47

862

718

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30.0

36

178

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13

TAR

F EL

LIL

SON

EDE

CO

NN

ECTI

ON

476

623

24.5

36.3

17

169

.212

36

Subt

otal

3,42

04,

480

153

238

323

117.

91

509

25To

tal

53,8

4963

,168

2,32

03,

150

430

2328

7112

4.1

1817

2843

329

433

928

AR

IAN

A

BEN

AR

OU

S

ZAG

HO

UA

N

BIZ

ERTE

BEJ

A

JEN

DO

UB

A

LE K

EF

KA

IRO

UA

N

GA

BES

MED

ENIN

E

KA

SSE

RIN

E

SID

I BO

UZI

D

MA

HD

IA

GA

FSA





Table 6.1.3 Allowable and Design Water Intake

GOVERNORATEDELEGATION NAME OF SUBPROJECT Water SourcesAllowable

IntakeDesignIntake

(l/s) (l/s)ARIANA FAIDH EL AMRINE-SIDI GHRIB SONEDE 1.13 1.20ARIANA HMAIEM ESSOUFLA SONEDE 0.50 0.40ARIANA TYAYRA SONEDE 1.00 0.40BEN AROUS OULED BEN MILED and OULED SAAD SONEDE 2.00 2.00BEN AROUS SIDI FREDJ SONEDE 1.00 1.10NABEUL SIDI HAMMED SONEDE 2.00 2.00ZAGHOUAN JIMLA SONEDE 2.00 0.30ZAGHOUAN ROUISSAT BOUGARMINE Tube Well 7.00 1.60BIZERTE SMADAH Tube Well 14.00 1.50BIZERTE TERGULECH Tube Well 15.70 7.00BEJA EL GARIA SONEDE 1.00 0.30BEJA EL GARRAG SONEDE 2.00 1.70BEJA FATNASSA Spring 5.00 0.70JENDOUBA CHOUAOULA GR Extension 5.00 1.70JENDOUBA JOUAOUDA 1 / BATTAHA 9.20JENDOUBA MAALIM 3.00JENDOUBA OULED DHIFALLAH 3.00JENDOUBA SIDI SALAH* - - -LE KEF CHAAMBA - O.EI ASSEL - HMAIDIA Tube Well 1.80 0.60LE KEF M'HAFDHIA - GHRAISSIA Spring 2.00 0.60KAIROUAN CHELALGA GR Extension 11.00 1.50KAIROUAN GUDIFETT GR Extension 10.00 1.70KAIROUAN HMIDET Tube Well 12.00 2.10KAIROUAN ZGAINIA GR Extension 3.00 0.70KASSERINE DAAYSIA Tube Well 5.00 0.50KASSERINE HENCHIR TOUNSI Tube Well 13.50 1.70KASSERINE OUED LAGSAB Tube Well 4.50 0.90KASSERINE SIDI HARRATH - GOUASSEM Tube Well 22.00 1.30SIDI BOUZID AMAIRIA Tube Well 15.00 0.60SIDI BOUZID BLAHDIA Tube Well 7.00 1.70SIDI BOUZID BOUCHIHA Tube Well 6.00 3.00SIDI BOUZID MAHROUGA Tube Well 15.00 1.00MAHDIA COMPLEXE BOUSSLIM SONEDE 27.00 10.00MAHDIA COMPLEXE EL AITHA SONEDE 8.50 2.10GAFSA HENCHIR EDHOUAHER GR Extension 4.00 0.40GAFSA KHANGUET ZAMMOUR Tube Well 4.00 2.50GAFSA THLEIJIA Tube Well 4.00 2.50GABES BATEN TRAJMA Tube Well 0.20GABES CHAABET EJJAYER SONEDE 2.00 0.50GABES EZZAHRA GR Extension 1.50 0.20MEDENINE BOUGUEDDIMA SONEDE 4.50 0.60MEDENINE CHOUAMEKH - R. ENNAGUEB SONEDE 7.50 3.80MEDENINE ECHGIUIGUIA SONEDE 5.00 0.80MEDENINE TARF ELLIL SONEDE 3.50 1.00* Subproject is cancelled.

ComplexAEPBarbara

Barbara Dam 16.10

Tab

le 6

.1.4

　L

ist o

f Dee

p T

ube

Wel

ls fo

r Pr

ojec

t 200

1W

ell

Long

itude

Latit

ude

Elev

atio

nCon

stru

cted

Dril

ling

Wel

lW

ell

Sree

n SW

LPW

LQ

DD

Spec

ific

Tra

ns-

Aqu

ifer

Test

pum

ping

Dril

ling

Allo

wab

leEl

evat

ion

in m

eter

s at

Pos

sibl

e Q

No.

Sub-

Proj

ect

Gov

erno

rate

(gra

de)

(gra

de)

date

Dep

thD

epth

Dia

mte

rpo

sitio

nC

apac

itym

issi

vity

hour

QG

roun

dSW

LPW

LA

llow

able

Scre

en(m

)(G

L-m

)(G

L-m

)(G

L-m

)(G

L-m

)(G

L-m

)(l/

s)(G

L-m

)(l/

s/m

)(m

2 /day

)(h

r)co

ntra

ctor

(l/s)

surf

ace

PWL

top

1173

4/2

Rou

issa

/ Bou

gaZa

ghou

an8°

40' 2

2"40

°52

' 48"

240

1996

/7/3

115

012

49"

-5/8

78.2

35.5

63.8

7.0

28.2

70.

2523

.7Sa

nd8

SOFO

RI

7.0

240.

020

4.5

176.

316

3.77

161.

8

1996

/8/3

011

2.6

(San

d St

one)

9316

/1Sm

adah

Biz

erte

7°83

' 90'

'40°

97' 5

0"36

019

99/8

/820

665

9"-5

/838

11.0

17.0

14.0

6.00

2.33

55.3

Lim

e St

one

6EM

ASO

NH

Y14

.036

0.0

349.

034

3.0

324

322.

0

1999

/9/1

865

9317

/1T

ergu

lech

Biz

erte

8°24

' 20'

'41°

00' 0

0"14

019

99/6

/23

5333

12"-

1/4

8.0

7.4

7.9

15.7

0.50

31.4

031

6.2

Lim

e St

one

60EM

ASO

NH

Y15

.714

0.0

132.

613

2.1

134

132.

0

1999

/8/6

30.0

6957

/3L

e K

ef7°

33' 2

5''3

9°93

' 10"

685

1997

/5/3

119

719

79"

-5/8

110

79.8

116.

91.

837

.13

0.05

1.6

Lim

e St

one

24R

.S.H

1.8

685.

060

5.2

568.

157

757

5.0

1998

/6/1

714

0/ M

arl

1966

6/4

Hm

diet

Kai

roua

n8°

35' 2

0''3

9°41

' 95"

170

1999

/1/2

226

821

69"

-5/8

159.

865

.878

.812

.013

.04

0.92

75.9

Sand

8SO

FOR

I12

.017

0.0

104.

291

.212

.210

.2

1999

/2/8

207.

1(S

and

Ston

e)

1963

1/4

Daa

ysia

Kas

seri

ne7°

26' 2

0''3

9°52

' 95"

920

-17

010

09"

-5/8

100

119

129.

05.

010

.00

0.50

49.4

Lim

e St

one

24E.

H.

5.0

920.

080

1.0

791.

082

282

0.0

-17

08"

-1/2

150

-K

asse

rine

7°22

' 10'

'39

°45'

50"

945

1999

/8/2

362

579"

-5/8

31.1

7.00

20.5

13.5

13.5

01.

0026

.7Li

me

Ston

e6

R.S

.H13

.594

5.0

938.

092

4.5

915.

991

3.9

1999

/9/1

138

.1

-K

asse

rine

6°79

' 60'

'38°

63' 0

0"71

0-

300

250

9"-5

/816

015

0.18

160.

74.

510

.50

0.43

24.9

Sand

24SO

FOR

I4.

571

0.0

559.

854

9.3

552

550.

0

-23

0(S

and

Ston

e)

-K

asse

rine

7°25

' 80'

'39°

14' 2

0"66

5-

270

140

9"-5

/860

53.5

56.0

22.0

2.50

8.8

-Sa

nd4

SOFO

RI

22.0

665.

061

1.5

609.

060

760

5.0

-11

0(S

and

Ston

e)

2038

9/5

Am

airia

Sidi

Bou

zid

7°80

' 90'

'38°

72' 5

0"36

219

96/1

1/19

280

225

13"-

3/8

225.

044

.097

.216

.053

.20

0.30

16.3

Lim

e St

one

8E.

Hyd

16.0

362.

031

8.0

264.

813

913

7.0

1997

/2/2

728

09"

-5/8

279.

0

1957

7/4

Bla

hdia

Sidi

Bou

zid

7°70

' 95'

'39°

27' 9

0"54

019

98/9

/18

716

673

9"-5

/862

1.0

158.

016

3.0

7.2

5.00

1.44

162.

6Sa

ndy

Mar

l24

SOFO

RI

7.2

540.

038

2.0

377.

0-7

9-8

1.0

1998

/8/1

267

3.0

2055

4/5

Bou

chih

aSi

di B

ouzi

d8°

39' 8

0''3

8°85

' 05"

200

1998

/12/

2745

043

79"

-5/8

350.

012

3.0

162.

86.

539

.80

0.16

15.6

Sand

24SO

FOR

I6.

520

0.0

77.0

37.2

-148

-150

.0

1999

/2/1

643

1.0

(San

d St

one)

2055

7/5

Mah

roug

aSi

di B

ouzi

d7°

79' 8

0''3

8°48

' 50"

330

1998

/2/1

830

016

49"

-5/8

75.1

55.0

61.0

20.0

6.00

3.3

191.

6Li

me

Ston

e14

SOFO

RI

20.0

330.

027

5.0

269.

025

6.9

254.

9

1999

/4/2

215

2.1

1939

3/5

Kha

ngue

t Zam

mou

rG

asfa

7°88

' 50'

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20' 2

0"12

519

86/1

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053

.27

9"-5

/853

.343

.047

.03.

34.

000.

8-

Sand

& g

rave

l10

R.S

.H3.

312

5.0

82.0

78.0

73.7

371

.7

1986

/4/2

512

4.77

8"-5

/811

2.8

9624

/5Th

leiji

aG

asfa

7°52

' 80'

'38°

36' 1

0"37

719

68/2

/723

5.5

719"

-5/8

52.8

26.0

32.0

4.6

5.96

0.8

8.1

Sand

& g

rave

l8

R.S

.H4.

637

7.0

351.

034

5.0

326.

1732

4.2

1968

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068

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Bat

en T

rajim

aG

abes

Not

e:SW

L= S

tatic

Wat

er L

evel

, PW

L= P

umpi

ng W

ater

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el, Q

= Q

uant

ity, D

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Dra

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rath

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alve

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Con

nect

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Stat

ion

Faci

lity

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ion

mm

mun

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3 *hun

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itsun

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12

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DE

C.

3,46

70

3,46

72

86

43

1Su

btot

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011

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00

02

020

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111

00

01

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nd O

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DE

C.

10,5

2225

010

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124

2717

131

11

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SON

ED

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600

06,

600

11

201

56

67

11

Subt

otal

17,1

2225

017

,372

10

10

10

129

3323

200

20

12

NA

BEU

LSI

DI H

AM

MED

SON

ED

E C

.18

,484

018

,484

140

118

2221

131

1Su

btot

al18

,484

018

,484

00

10

10

018

2221

130

00

11

JIM

LASO

NE

DE

C.

4,40

30

4,40

31

115

15

43

31

RO

UIS

SAT

BO

UG

AR

MIN

ED

EEP

WEL

L12

,312

012

,312

11

140

210

63

101

11

1Su

btot

al16

,715

016

,715

12

20

10

215

106

131

10

12

SMA

DA

HD

EEP

WEL

L17

,044

363

17,4

071

140

12

2818

717

21

TER

GU

LEC

HD

EEP

WEL

L19

,971

019

,971

11

401

1616

219

11

1Su

btot

al37

,015

363

37,3

782

02

00

22

4434

936

03

02

1EL

GA

RIA

SON

ED

E C

.4,

798

04,

798

115

11

77

EL G

AR

RA

GSO

NE

DE

C.

10,0

120

10,0

121

401

14

57

71

1FA

TN

ASS

ASP

RIN

G12

,017

012

,017

11

501

44

411

111

Subt

otal

26,8

270

26,8

271

03

02

06

99

2525

01

00

2C

HO

UA

OU

LAEX

TEN

TIO

N G

R21

,461

021

,461

150

27

830

195

1C

OM

PLEX

E A

EP B

AR

BA

R*D

AM

71,0

2330

2074

,043

11

100

69

3030

9065

131

11

401

50Su

btot

al92

,484

3020

95,5

041

04

08

09

3738

120

840

181

02

CH

AA

MB

A -

O.E

I ASS

EL -

HM

AID

IADEE

P W

ELL

11,6

300

11,6

301

11

509

74

51

21

1M

'HA

FDH

IA -

GH

RA

ISSI

ASP

RIN

G8,

320

08,

320

11

101

16

53

72

1Su

btot

al19

,950

019

,950

12

20

10

115

127

121

20

32

CH

ELA

LGA

EXTE

NTI

ON

GR

23,7

550

23,7

554

2020

720

GU

DIF

ETT

EXTE

NTI

ON

GR

10,1

190

10,1

193

1010

38

2H

MID

ETD

EEP

WEL

L5,

766

05,

766

11

505

47

51

1ZG

AIN

IAEX

TEN

TIO

N G

R5,

962

05,

962

16

33

61

1Su

btot

al45

,602

045

,602

01

10

01

741

3720

390

30

12

DA

AY

SIA

DEE

P W

ELL

7,41

10

7,41

11

11

207

53

51

HEN

CH

IR T

OU

NSI

DEE

P W

ELL

12,8

390

12,8

391

11

25*1

510

53

91

11

OU

ED L

AG

SAB

DEE

P W

ELL

7,82

50

7,82

51

11

208

63

33

11

SID

I HA

RR

ATH

- G

OU

ASS

EMD

EEP

WEL

L7,

062

07,

062

11

150

75

611

31

1Su

btot

al35

,137

035

,137

44

31

00

032

2115

283

50

42

AM

AIR

IAD

EEP

WEL

L3,

822

03,

822

11

120

44

32

11

BLA

HD

IAD

EEP

WEL

L10

,513

010

,513

11

130

129

511

11

1B

OU

CH

IHA

DEE

P W

ELL

19,5

640

19,5

641

11

5018

126

83

21

1M

AH

RO

UG

AD

EEP

WEL

L12

,672

012

,672

11

130

85

57

11

1Su

btot

al46

,571

046

,571

44

40

00

042

3019

267

30

43

CO

MPL

EXE

BO

USS

LIM

SON

ED

E C

.58

,673

058

,673

115

01

250*

201

132

1610

423

101

1C

OM

PLEX

E EL

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HA

SON

ED

E C

.14

,856

014

,856

42

317

Subt

otal

73,5

290

73,5

290

01

11

10

3618

1359

310

01

1H

ENC

HIR

ED

HO

UA

HER

EXTE

NTI

ON

GR

3,34

70

3,34

71

11

22

1K

HA

NG

UET

ZA

MM

OU

RD

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L16

,615

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,615

11

160

93

117

44

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17,3

780

17,3

781

11

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59

37

143

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22

11

10

019

720

216

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150

192

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18,2

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121

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Tab

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.2.1

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Table 6.3.1 Table of Contents on DGGR model Tender Document

I. Tender Information and Contract ConditionsChapter I: General

Article 1: Objective of the Tender Article 2: Definitions

Chapter II: Procedures for Contract Signing Article 3: Documents composing the Tender Article 4: Appearance of the Offers Article 5: Schedule of the Tender Article 6: Criteria for judging the Offers Article 7: Acknowledge on the localization and working conditions Article 8: Technical and financial memory on the works Article 9: Provisional bond Article 10: Validity of the Offers

Chapter III: Requirement for executing the contracts Article 1: Objective of the Contract Article 2: Amount of the Contract Article 3: Provisional acceptance Article 4: Organization of the construction site Article 5: Place of delivery for the equipment Article 6: Work implementation documents Article 7: Delivery time and acceptance of equipment Article 8: Implementation period of the works Article 9: Subcontracting Article 10: Overall equipment and works Article 11: Labor and security of the works Article 12: Controlled expenditure works Article 13: Period of guarantee Article 14: Final acceptance Article 15: Type of price Article 16: Method of payment Article 17: Performance bond Article 18: Retention of guarantee Article 19: Penalties Article 20: Insurance Article 21: Case of force majeure Article 22: Rejection of the Contract Article 23: Arbitration Article 24: Deed of security for debt Article 25: Stamp and registration Article 26: Taxes and references Article 27: Contract documents Article 28: Contract validity Appendix: Form of tender for the Package

II. Technical Specifications Chapter I : Supply of the Pipes, special hydraulic joint parts and cocks and fittings

Chapter II : Piping and special parts laying works and construction of standard worksChapter III :Civil engineering works



0 500 200015001000

Legend

BF 6

SONEDECONNEXION 2

BF 1

372

373

374

375

377

376

508507 510509

SONEDECONNEXION 1

BF 5

BF 7

BF 2

BF 3

BF 4

The Detailed Design Study on The Rural WaterSupply Project in the Rupublic of Tunisia

Japan International Cooperation Agency

Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 1/41 (Faidh El Amrine-Sidi Ghrib)



Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline



0 500 200015001000

Legend

BF 2

BF 1

374

375

376

377

379

378

380

508507 5105098.50gr



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 2/42 (Hmaiem Essoufla)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

SONEDECONNECTION 1



0 500 200015001000

Legend

391

513512511 515514

392

393

394

396

395

BF 2

BF 3

BF 1



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 3/41 (Tyayra)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

SONEDECONNECTION 1 SONEDE

CONNECTION 2



0 500 200015001000

Legend

BF 6

361

363

364

362

538537 540539

SONEDECONNECTION

BF 5

BF 7BF 2

BF 3

BF 1

BF 4

BACHE DEREPRISE

360

RESERVOIR

BF 8

BF 9

BF 10

BF 11

BF 12

BF 13BF 14

BF 15

EXISTINGRESERVOIR

BF 16

365

BF 17



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 4/41 (Ouled Ben Miled and Ouled Saad)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline



0 500 200015001000

Legend

BF 6

369

368

371

372

370

538537 540539

BF 5

BF 7

BF 2

BF 3

BF 1

BF 4

367

40.45gr

10D20'



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 5/41 (Sidi Fredj)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

SONEDECONNECTION

BACHE DEREPRISE

RESERVOIR

BACHE DEREPRISE

SONEDECONNECTION

BACHE DEREPRISE

RESERVOIR

BACHE DEREPRISE

SONEDECONNECTION

BACHE DEREPRISE

RESERVOIR

BACHE DEREPRISE

RESERVOIR

BACHE DEREPRISE



0 500 200015001000

Legend

BF 6

347

346

349

350

348

556555 558557

BF 5

BF 7

BF 2BF 3

BF 1

BF 10

BF 8

BF 4

BF 9

BF 13

BF 12

BF 11

345

40.45gr



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 6/41 (Sidi Hammed)

SONEDECONNECTION

BACHE DEREPRISE

RESERVOIR

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

SONEDECONNECTION

BACHE DEREPRISE

RESERVOIR



BF 3

BF 2

BF 4

BF 1

50000

Legend

25000

0 500 200015001000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 7/41 (Jimla)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

RESERVOIR

BACHE DEREPRISE

SONEDECONNECTION



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 8/41 (Rouissat Bougarmine)





BF 6

BF 5

BF 7

BF 2

BF 3

BF 1

BF 10

BF 8

BF 4

BF 9

BF 13BF 12BF 11

BF 14BF 16

BF 15

BF 17

BF 18

BF 19

BF 20

BF 21

1000 300020000 4000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 9/41 (Smadah)

DEEP WELL

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

LegendLegend

RESERVOIR

DEEP WELL



BF 6BF 5

BF 7

BF 2

BF 3

BF 1

BF 10

BF 8

BF 4

BF 9

BF 13BF 12BF 11

RESERVOIR

BF 14BF 16

BF 15

BF 17BF 18

BF 19

0 1000 400030002000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 10/41 (Terguleche)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

DEEP WELLDEEP WELL

SCHOOL



0 500 200015001000

BF 6

361

363

364

362

424423 426425

BF 5

BF 7

BF 2BF 3

BF 1

BF 4

360

EXISTINGRESERVOIR

365

36d45'



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 11/41 (El Garia)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

SONEDECONNECTION 1

SONEDECONNECTION 2

SONEDECONNECTION 1

SONEDECONNECTION 2



BF 6

BF 5

BF 7

BF 2

BF 3

BF 1

BF 4

RESERVOIR

BF 10

BF 9

BF 8

0 500 200015001000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 12/41 (El Garrag)

LegendLegendLegend

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

SONEDECONNECTION

SCHOOL



BF 6

BF 5

BF 2

BF 3

BF 1

BF 4EXISTINGRESERVOIR

BF 10 BF 9

BF 8

BF 7

0 1000 400030002000

RESERVOIR



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 13/41 (Fatnassa)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

SPRINGWATER





Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 14/41 (Chouaoula)





Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 15/41 (Complexe AEP Barbara-Battaha)





Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 15/41 (Complexe AEP Barbara-Ouled Dhifallah)





Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 15/41 (Complexe AEP Barbara-Maalim)



BF 3

BF 2

POTANCE 1

BF 1

RESERVOIR

BF 4

0 2000500 15001000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 16/41 (Chaamba-O.El Assel-Hmaidia)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

DISPENSARY

SCHOOL





Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 17/41 (M'hafdhia Ghraissia)



28

BF 3BF 2

BF 4

BF 1

266

BF10

BF 9

BF 8

BF 7BF 6BF 4

BF 5

BF11

RESERVOIR

268

262

264

258

260

3032 2426

0 40001000 30002000


Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 18/41 (Chelalga)


Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

LegendLegend



BF 3

BF 2

BF 1

261

BF 6 BF 7

BF 4

BF 5

RESERVOIR

262

259

260

257

258

454

MOSQUE

453452451

2560 500 200015001000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 19/41 (Gudifett)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

SCHOOL





Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 20/41 (Hmidet)



BF 3

BF 2

BF 1

BF 6

BF 4

BF 5

500 2000150010000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 21/41 (Zgainia)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

SONEDECONNECTION



BF 1

BF 3

BF 2BF 4

BF 5RESERVOIR

0 500 200015001000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 22/41 (Daaysia)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

DEEP WELL

EXISTINGDEEP WELL

EXISTINGRESERVOIR



BF 1

BF 7

BF 8

RESERVOIR

BF 2

BF 4BF 3

BF 5

BF 6

BF 10

BF 9

BF 11

BF 12

BF 13

484483 486485

0 500 200015001000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 23/41 (Henchir Tounsi)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

EXISTINGRESERVOIR

DEEP WELL



P 1

RESERVOIR

BF 1

BF 3

P 2

BF 4

BF 2

450449 452451

P 3

3846

3848

3847

3845

3850

3849

0 500 200015001000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 24/41 (Ouled Lagsab)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

DEEP WELL



RESERVOIR

BF 1

BF 3

BF 2

487486 489488

BF 4BF 3

BF 5

BF 6

BF 7

BF 8

BF 9

BF 10BF MOSQUE

BF 11

BF MOSQUE

490

0 500 200015001000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 25/41 (Gouassem Sidi Harrath)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

DEEP WELL

BF SCHOOL



P 1

RESERVOIR

P 2

170

172

171

169

174

173

0 500 200015001000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 26/41 (Amairia)

DEEP WELL

Legend

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline



RESERVOIR

BF 1

3910

BF 3

BF 2

BF 4

BF 5

BF 6

BF 8

BF 7

BF 9 BF 10

BF 11

3906

3907

3908

3909

3905

521 524523522

BF 12

0 500 200015001000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 27/41 (Blahdia)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

DEEP WELL



RESERVOIR

BF 1P1

BF 2

BF 4

BF 5

BF 6BF 8

BF 9

BF 7

577 580579578

BF 3

P 2

MOSQUE

0 500 200015001000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 28/41 (Bouchiha)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

DEEP WELL

SCHOOL

Legend



RESERVOIR

BF 1

BF 2

BF 4 BF 5

BF 6

P 1

BF 7

3822

BF 3

3822

3826

3824

0 1000 30002000

3826

3830

3828

3832

3000 4000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 29/41 (Mahrouga)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

DEEP WELL

EXISTINGRESERVOIR



BF 1

BF 2

BF 4

BF 5

BF 6

BF 7

BF 3

0 1000 30002000

BF 9

BF 8

BF 10

BF 13

BF 12

BF 11

BF 14

BF 15

BF 17

BF 16

4000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 30/41 (Complexe Aitha)

SONEDECONNECTION

Legend

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline



BF 1

BF 2

BF 4BF 5

BF 6BF 7

BF 3

BACHE DEREPRISE

0 1000 30002000

BF 9

BF 8

BF 10

BF 13BF 12

BF 11BF 14

BF 15

BF 17

BF 16

BF 23BF 22

BF 21

BF 20 BF 19

BF 18

BF 24 BF 26,27

BF 25

BF 29BF 30BF 28

BF 31

BF 35

BF 34

BF 33

BF 32

BF 37

BF 40

BF 39

BF 38

BF 36

BF 41

BF 42BF 43

RESERVOIR

4000

BF 44

BF 45



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 31/41 (Complexe Bouslim)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

SONEDECONNECTION



RESERVOIR

P 1

P 2

484483 486485

BACHE DEREPRISE

500 2000150010000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 32/41 (Henchir Dhouaher)

BF 1EXISTING

SCHOOL

EXISTINGP 1

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

DEEP WELL

EXISTINGP 2



0 500 200015001000

BF 63800

535534 536

BF 5BF 7

BF 2

BF 3

BF 1

BF 4

3798

RESERVOIR

537

3802

3804

3801

3804

3803

POTANCE 3POTANCE 1

POTANCE 4POTANCE 2

MOSQUE

MOSQUE



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 33/41 (Khanguet Zammour)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

LegendDEEP WELL

SCHOOL

DISPENSARY

SCHOOL

LegendDEEP WELL

SCHOOL

DISPENSARY

SCHOOL





Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 34/41 (Thlleijia)



BF 3

POTANCE 2

BF 1

8G60'

BF 2

POTANCE 3

BF 4

POTANCE 1

RESERVOIR

0 1000 400030002000



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 35/41 (Baten Trajima)

DEEP WELL

Legend

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline



0 500 200015001000

40

509508 510

BF 3

BF 2

39

511

BF 4

BF 1

42

41

43

44

8G50'

37G40'

SURPRESSEUR



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 36/41 (Chaabat Ejjayyar)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

SONEDECONNECTION



0 500 200015001000

BF 2

BF 3

BF 1



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 37/41 (Ezzahra)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

SONEDECONNECTION

SCHOOL



0 500 200015001000

BF 3

BF 2

BF 1

BF 4

BF 6

BF 5

326

321

322

323

324

325

574571 572 573The Detailed Design Study on The Rural Water

Supply Project in the Rupublic of Tunisia


Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 38/41 (Bougeddima)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

DEEP WELL



0 500 200015001000

BF 3

BF 2

BF 1

BF 4

POTANCE 1

BF 5

BF 6

BF 10

BF 9 BF 8 BF 7

BF 10

POTANCE 3

POTANCE 2

RESERVOIR

BACHE DEREPRISE



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 39/41 (Chouamekh)

SONEDECONNECTION 1

SONEDECONNECTION 2

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend



0 500 200015001000

BF 3

BF 2

BF 1

BF 4

37

POTANCE 1

BF 6

BF 5

37

34

32

35

36

33

31



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 40/41 (Echgiuiguia)

Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

Legend

SONEDECONNECTION



0 500 200015001000

BF 3

BF 2

BF 1

BF 4

POTANCE 1

BF 5

BF 6

BF 7



Figure 6.1.1Subproject Outline 41/41 (Tarf Ellil)

SONEDECONNECTION 1 Water Source

Reservoir

Water Point

Pipeline

LegendSONEDECONNECTION 2 SONEDE

CONNECTION 1

LegendSONEDECONNECTION 2

ELEVATEDTANK

Final Report Vol.1 Main Report Chapter 7 Cost Estimates


CHAPTER 7 COST ESTIMATES

7.1 Detailed Construction Costs

The detailed construction costs in the detailed design stage may be classified as

follows in accordance with the B/Q of tender document:

(1) Procurement of pipes and special parts,

(2) Installation and equipment of pipe networks,

(3) Civil works, and

(4) Procurement and installation of hydro-mechanical and electrical equipment.

7.1.1 Construction Quantity

The construction quantity to be used in cost estimation is determined in the

detailed design. Concerning the pipe networks, the length of PEHD and other

kind of pipes, number of special pieces and valves and the volume of excavation,

sand bed, back-filling, etc., for civil works are estimated based on the detailed

design drawings and standard drawings. Concerning the water reservoir, overhead

tank, relay pumping station and break pressure, the volume of excavation,

foundation, concrete, reinforced concrete and etc. are estimated and added up. The

water supply facilities of public tap and gallows are estimated by unit.

7.1.2 Unit Cost

The DGGR prepares the average costs and prices of procurement of equipment

and civil works based on the actual contract of the rural water supply project

(about 2 years ago) of the whole country and send it to the CRDA. The unit cost

of civil works and the price of equipment are decided by CRDA based on the

DGGR price list, actual results of many past and similar projects and site

conditions.

7.1.3 Construction Cost

The construction costs are estimated based on the quantities and unit costs and

classified according to the B/Q of tender document. The standard form of cost



estimation is shown as Table 7.1.1.

7.2 Project Cost Component

The Project cost is composed of the following items:

7.2.1 Construction Cost

The Direct Construction costs correspond to the expenses necessary to realize the

subprojects and are estimated in the detailed design according to the subprojects.

7.2.2 Equipment Cost for Project Implementation

The procurement of vehicle, copy machine and inspection instruments are

necessary for the project implementation. The cost is estimated at the same cost of

the agreement between DGGR and JBIC.

7.2.3 Administration Expense

The administration expenses for the executing agency is required for the project

implementation. CRDA may pay the necessary expenses from their own budget.

The cost is not included in this estimation.

7.2.4 Engineering Service Expense

The cost of the required consulting services for the implementation of the project

is estimated at the same cost of the agreement between DGGR and JBIC.

7.2.5 Physical Contingency

The detailed figures of the subproject are determined in the detailed design study.

Therefore, the price contingency is not estimated.

7.2.6 Price Contingency

After the detailed design study, the construction work of the subproject is to be

implemented soon. Therefore, the price contingency is not estimated.



7.2.7 Tax

The tax of the construction is estimated at 18% of direct construction cost. The tax

of the imported equipment (mainly vehicle) is estimated at 100% of equipment

cost.

7.3 Construction Cost

Total construction cost of the Project 2001 estimated applying to the above

conditions is shown in below.

Total Construction Cost

Item Estimated Cost (1,000DT)

Equivalent to Yen (Million Yen)

1. Construction Cost 15,712.7 1,302.8 2. Procurement 1,103.9 91.5 3. Engineering Fee 4,493.5 372.6 4. Tax 2,828.3 1,234.5

Total Cost 24,138.4 2,001.4



Table 7.1.1 Standard Form of Cost Estimation (1/2)

No. Designations Unit Quantity UnitCost

Amount withoutTaxes

I Procurement and transportation cost of pipes and special pieces 1-1 PEHD pipe PN10 DE90 ml 1-2 PEHD pipe PN16 DE90 ml 1-3 Tee 1-3-1 CI Tee with 3 flanges DN90/60/90 U 1-3-2 PEHD Tee EF Joint DE90/75/90 U 1-4 PEHD Reduction 1-4-1 DE110/75 U 1-5 Stop valve 1-5-1 DN100 U 1-5-2 DN75 U 1-6 Air valve 1-6-1 Simple U 1-6-2 Double U Sub-total (I)II Installation and equipment of pipe networks1 Earth works 1-1 Excavation m3 1-2 Back-filling m32 Transport 2-1 PEHD ml 2-2 Special pieces lump3 Laying of pipe and special pieces 3-1 PEHD 3-1-1 DE90 PN10 ml 3-1-2 DE90 PN16 ml 3-2 Sand bed m3 3-3 Air valve with stop valve and special p. 3-3-1 Simple U 3-3-2 Double U 3-4 Blow-off with stop valve and special p. 3-4-1 DN 80 U4 Concrete, steel and mortar works 4-1 Reinforcement concrete works (B5) incl. iron bar, shuttering work

and etc. for air valve box and blow-off boxm3

4-2 Mortar works m2 4-3 Steel ladder for blow-off box U5 Distribution works 5-1 Public tap U 5-2 Gallows U6 SONEDE/ GR connection work U

Sub-total (II)III Civil worksIII-1 Construction of one reservoir (100m3) and two break pressures (8m3)1 Earth works 1-1 Excavation m3 1-2 Back-filling m32 Concrete works 2-1 Preparation concrete (B1) m3 2-2 Reinforcement concrete (B5) incl. iron bar, shuttering, shooting and etc. m3 2-3 Water proofed mortar m23 Metal works with accessories including procurement, transport and installation 3-1 Ventilation U 3-2 Ladder U 3-3 Manhole cover U



Table 7.1.1 Standard Form of Cost Estimation (2/2)

No. Designations Unit Quantity UnitCost

Amount withoutTaxes

4 Equipment of special pieces including procurement, transport and installation 4-1 Floating valve 4-1-1 DN100 U 4-1-2 DN60 U 4-2 Stop valve 4-2-1 DN150 U 4-2-2 DN100 U 4-3 Bend 4-3-1 CI bend 1/4 DN 100 U 4-3-2 CI bend 1/8 DN 100 U 4-4 Strainer of bronze DN100 U 4-5 Reduction 4-5-1 DN150/DE160 U 4-5-2 DN80/DE90 U

Sub-total (III-1)III-2 Construction of pumping station1 Earth works 1-1 Excavation and backfilling m32 Concrete works 2-1 Preparation concrete (B1) incl. m3 2-2 Reinforcement concrete (B5) incl. m3 2-3 Brick works m2 2-4 Mortar m2 2-5 Painting m23 Metal works 3-1 Metal door, 2.1m/0.9m U 3-2 Metal sash, 1.2m/0.9m U

Sub-total (III-2)Sub-total (III)

IV Hydro-mechanical and electrical works1 Pump facility 1-1 Electric pump (Q=8m3/h, Hmt=150m) U 1-2 Hydro-mechanical equipment 1-2-1 Stop valve U 1-2-2 Check valve U 1-2-3 Manometer U 1-2-4 Water meter U 1-2-5 GIC suction pipe DN65, 3m long with 2 flanges U 1-2-6 Tee, bend, joint and etc. U 1-2-7 Drain pipe and etc. U2 Chlorination with electric pump 2-1 Injection pump (3 l/h) U 2-2 PVC pipe and pieces 2-2-1 PVC valve, dia.1/2" U 2-2-2 PVC tank, 40 l U3 Electric equipment 3-1 Control panel U 3-2 Submergible cable ml 3-3 Lead cable ml 3-4 Transformer 25KVA U 3-5 Transmission Line ml 3-6 Radio U 3-7 Pilot cable ml4 Spear pump U

Sub-total (IV)V Total (I~IV)VI Tax

Grand Total

Final Reprot Vol.1 Main Report Chapter 8 Implementation Plan


CHAPTER 8 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

8.1 Implementing Agency

The Implementation Agency of the Project 2000 and 2001 is Directorate General

of Rural Engineering (DGGR), Ministry of Agriculture, which is responsible for

the management of the Project including loan appraisal, loan agreement and

overall management of the Project. DGGR functions as the technical and

financial administrative organization for the implementation of the subproject.

The Implementation Agency of each subproject is the Regional Office of

Agricultural Development (CRDA) of Governorate. The Division of Rural

Engineering (AGR) and the Direction of Hydraulics and Rural Equipment

(DHER) are in charge of the implementation works under CRDA.

A Japanese Consultant is employed and will assist DGGR in order to implement

the Project smoothly.

8.2 Financial Source

The construction cost of rural water supply subprojects will be financed by JBIC

(Japan Bank for International Cooperation). The taxes of construction costs,

administration costs of each CRDA and hiring fee of local consultants for

construction supervision will be covered by Tunisian national budget.

8.3 Contract Package

The Contract of the subproject will be basically divided into the following

packages:

(1) Procurement and installation of pipe networks and civil works

(2) Hydro-mechanical and electrical works

(3) Electrical works of outside line (by STEG)

Final Reprot Vol.1 Main Report Chapter 8 Implementation Plan


8.4 Implementation Schedule

The schedule of the Project 2001 is planned as follows:

(1) Tender procedure : 2001/03/01~2001/09/30

(2) Execution of Works : From 2001/07/01

(3) Final inspection of Works : Finishes on 2003/08/31

(*source : JBIC SAPROF report, March 1999)

The subproject is to be implemented following the above period according to the

scale of its works. Necessary work period of each subproject is estimated around

3~12 months, and all subprojects will be completed within two years from the

commencement of the work.

Final Report Vol.1 Main Report Chapter 9 Sensitization Work


CHAPTER 9 SENSITIZATION WORK

9.1 Objectives

As for the former rural water supply project, water tariff was not collected well so

that many projects financial balance were in the red. To improve such a situation,

the sensitization program was introduced since 1996. The program explained the

beneficiary’s duties about project planning and responsibilities. The objectives

of the sensitization work are as follows:

(1) To explain the project effects for the beneficiaries,

(2) To persuade the beneficiaries into the project planning,

(3) To explain the beneficiaries duties, and

(4) To get agreement about the project implementation from more than 80% of

the total beneficiaries.

DGGR owns the sensitization manual, therefore, the work was also carried out to

follow the existing manual.

In this present Study, the first phase of the sensitization program will be

performed over three visits per group of households and will be devoted to

formulate the concept of the project, adapting the needs and hope of the

prospected beneficiaries as much as possible and ensure the optimum conditions

of success for the water supply project. During these visits, information, meeting

and sensitization sessions with the beneficiaries will be organized in co-ordination

with the sections concerned with the regional implementation of rural water

supply projects, namely AGR of CRDA.

The following items are activities and field observations recorded in the three

visits.

9.2 First visit Sensitization Work

The first visit follows the preliminary phase and starts with the detailed survey for

the design of the water supply system. It is essentially centered on the following

themes:



(1) Inconveniences of the Present Water Supply Methods

This is an introductory topic to help prospective users to identify and analyze

problems with the present water supply, enhancing their motivation toward the

project. Open-ended questions were made to prospective users such as “how

many times a day do you fetch water?” “how do you find water quality you use

actually?”, “what is inconvenient for you?”. This identification of present

unfavorable situation facilitates an explanation on the advantages of the new water

supply system to be followed.

In the subprojects of Gafsa, Gabes and Medenine, large-sized pictures describing a

water drop was presented to the participants, which seemed to play an initial role

to draw interest of the target population in the water supply itself.

(2) Introduction of the Advantages of the New Water Supply System

The sensitization experts explained to the beneficiary that the new water supply

system has the following advantages to compare with the present one.

1) The new water supply system can reduce the transportation distance.

2) The new water supply system can keep the stable water quality.

3) The new water supply system can provide better hygienic condition than

the present one.

Simple drawing representing components of water supply system such as deep

tube well, pipeline, water storage tank and communal taps were presented to

participants in most of the subprojects. It was explained that the present water

supply system aimed at facilitation of access to safe and stable water.

At this moment, request on individual water supply was frequently made, which

required sociologists to repeat explanation on objective of the present project

patiently.

Through the first visit of sensitization work, it was found that the beneficiaries of

the Marthoum-Maja subproject in Kasserine requested the water for irrigation



purposes; so the project was cancelled and replaced by Henchir Tounsi subproject.

Also, it was found that the project area of Sidi Sarah subproject in Jendouba was

covered by another project and the proposed alternative one was larger than Sidi

Sarah; the subproject was finally cancelled.

(3) Management Principles of the Projected Water Supply System

After explaining the advantages of the project, principles necessary to maintain

such advantages were introduced. Such principles include energy, personnel

expenses, and O&M. This explanation was thoroughly made in the second visit,

and in the first visit this topic was presented to initiate prospective users into the

role of GIC and participation required to them.

(4) Initial Confirmation on the Nature, Number and Location of Service Points

This is first implication of prospective user’s important objectives in integrating

their opinions in the determination of the location, nature and number of water

service points before discussion on subproject design between the AGR of CRDA,

the local consultant firms and the JICA Study Team.

In the subprojects of Gafsa, Gabes, and Medenine, just after the sensitization

meeting, participants took a walk in their localities with sociologists and engineers

of the local consultant firm to indicate their expected water service points.

The first visit plays a key role to promote prospective users’ interest in:

sensitization meetings to be followed, though this visit is made just to provide

general information on the Project. Therefore, establishment of contact with

participants, especially resource inhabitants, relay-persons selected among the

population by the sociologist to spread the information on the Project to

prospective users not touched by the sensitization work in the locality, is

fundamental to conduct the next stage following the sensitization meetings

smoothly and efficiently.



9.3 Second visit Sensitization Work

The second visit of sensitization starts with the confirmation of the project

components determined provisionally through the detailed survey. It is normally

carried out a little bit ahead of the topographical surveys to allow acceptable

changes detected through the sensitization work. It is mainly centered on the

following themes.

(1) Introduction of the layout of the water supply system and the location of

service points, and

(2) Re-explanation on the method of service and type of service points

(communal tap, ‘’potence’’, individual connection)

The elaborated layout of water supply system through the Study was shown and

participants were asked to give their opinions to the layout shown in large sized

paper in the second visit, which was presented firstly to inform them of the result

of discussion between the AGR of CRDA, the local consultant firm and the JICA

Study Team. Prospective users’ needs on additional communal taps in their

localities or change of service points provisionally decided in the first visit were

also confirmed.

This is important part of the second visit to make understood the way their

opinions are considered in the determination of the location, nature and number of

service points, so that prospective users’ may find the water supply system their

own property, namely consciousness of ownership. Opinions collected during

the second visit were communicated to engineers after the sensitization meetings.

The discussion was relatively active in most of the subprojects observed by the

JICA Study Team. In Faidh el Amrine–Sidi Ghrib subproject in Ariana,

participants of the sensitization meetings made a request to the sociologist to

change a water service point to a more centered point of their locality after

discussion on the presented layout network.

(3) Method of Cost Recovery (metered charge or fixed rate)



Following the introductory explanation made in the first visit, the theme on the

necessity of cost recovery is deepened. Posters prepared by DGGR describing

relation between cost recovery and sustainable function of the water supply

system was used to make necessity of payment more comprehensible.

Metered charge was recommended rather than a fixed rate as a more equal method

for all prospective users and as a way to reduce the spilling of water at communal

tap.

(4) Selection of Potential Tap Keepers

Once location and number of service points were confirmed, the sensitization

meeting progressed to the next theme, which was the selection of tap keepers for

projected water service points.

As a general tendency observed during the Study, men have more access to

candidacy of this role than women. In the subprojects of Gafsa, Gabes and

Medenine, all prospective tap keepers were men selected in the meetings for men,

and women were just informed of the selection of these tap keepers during their

meeting held separately.

(5) Necessity to Organize into Water Users’ Groups (GIC) and Initiative to

Introduce a Request to Establish a GIC

Role, function of GIC and required participation were explained as preparatory

procedure for the next sensitization stage. At the same time, the content of

contract for revolving fund was reminded to get prospective users well prepared to

sign contracts during the next visit, namely third visit.

(6) Specific Items of Sensitization Identified during the Socio-economic Survey

Introduction of theme on public hygiene was observed. Explanation of causes

and effects and prevention from pollution was initiated.



9.4 Third visit Sensitization Work

According to the methodology of the Study on the rural water supply project

applied by DGGR, the third visit of the sensitization work could start after the

approval of the proposed water charge per cubic meter of supplied water by

CRDA. Since the JICA Study Team undertakes the Study under the technical

co-operation between Tunisia and Japan, it can be considered in general that the

JICA Study Team has the duty to approve it under the co-operation of each CRDA.

Considering the future responsibility of CRDA on each subproject, the JICA Study

Team requested each CRDA to approve the water charge to be applied to future

GICs under the Project. However, as waiting for the approval of CRDA

reportedly takes a long time, the third visit cannot start in line with the given

schedule by JICA. The JICA Study Team therefore discussed with DGGR to

tentatively modify the methodology on the third visit. As a result of it, the third

visit could start around August 20, 2000 by informing the proposed water charge

per cubic meter of supplied water verbally to the population and confirm the

intention of the commitment to GIC. After having the approval of the charge by

CRDA, sociologists of the local consultant firms have to visit again to get written

contract. The following topics were introduced during the visit.

(1) Proposed Unit Cost of One Cubic Meter of Water

The result of technical study was explained step by step: technical data such as

total length of pipeline first, then necessary investment cost for the whole water

supply system to be realized and re-explanation was made on the necessity of

payment, namely cost for energy (payment to SONEDE or STEG), personnel

expenses and cost for O&M using flip chart.

(2) Proposed Amount of the Contribution to the Revolving Fund

The significance of the revolving fund was reminded to the prospective

beneficiaries, namely fund for the effective starts of the GIC. However, although

the target population had understood the significance of revolving fund, their

intention was not always favorable. For instance, in Chouamekh subproject in



Medenine, participants in the sensitization meeting were not satisfied with the

amount of revolving fund informed, which seemed expensive for them to collect

from the total of targeted families. Then they requested to lower the cost. In

Ghraissia subproject in Le Kef, the population of one locality showed reluctance

to commit to the GIC, because they were not satisfied with the result of the F/S

that the water service point provisionally chosen was technically impossible to be

installed according to the confirmed topographical conditions for gravitational

distribution.

However, contracts collected through the third visit showed a commitment rate of

prospective head of beneficiary families of over 80% for each subproject,

confirming the social feasibility of the subprojects (please refer to Table 9.4.1).

9.5 Field Observation on the Sensitization Works

(1) Insufficient Participation Rate of Prospective Users

According to the minutes of meeting, the number of prospective users was not

sufficient in relation to the total family number of prospective families in some of

the subprojects (please refer to Table 9.4.1). As cited below, insufficient

preparation or lack of consideration on favorable conditions on sociologists’

obligations can be listed as major causes of this insufficiency in participation rate

of the target population. In some 1st sensitization works, average participants of

male and female are 94 persons and 44 persons respectively. It is because of the

following reasons:

1) Market days and/or field harvest days, important days for the target

communities were selected,

2) Meetings were not sufficiently advertised to the target population by

local authorities, and

3) Meetings places were not prepared in advance. Some sociologists of the

local consultant firms started to look for meeting places on the spot.

The poor mobilization of the target population may not ensure optimum



conditions of success for the water supply project. The Study team requested for

the local authorities to promote the sensitization program. As a result, average

participants of the second meeting increased approximately 40~50% from the first

meeting, the average number of male and female is 131 persons and 67 persons

respectively.

(2) Lack of Involvement of Prospective Beneficiaries in the Planning of the

Project Water Supply System

In some meetings, as mentioned earlier, an active involvement of the beneficiaries

was observed in the determination of the position, number and nature of service

points and pipeline route. On the contrary, in other cases, prospective

beneficiaries were not sufficiently and directly involved; this participation was

often a mere passive activity limited to receiving only the outline of the project

from the sociologist, so the beneficiaries real aspirations and needs may fail to be

reflected in the elaboration of the basic technical design. In some meetings, the

Study team advised to the local consultant experts to appoint the person who

answered the questions. The designated person showed positive attitude for the

meeting and appealed his/her opinions about the project. Once their opinions

were picked up, the other participants also started to join in the discussion.

(3) Poor Understanding of the Significance of Each Visit

The methodology of the sensitization work was not well assimilated by the local

consultant firms. Each visit has its objective in relation to technical works such

as topographic survey and the elaboration of basic technical design: for the first

visit, initial confirmation of needs on project components (location, number and

nature of water service points) prior to the discussion on provisional subproject

component between the local consultant firms, AGR of CRDA and the JICA Study

Team; for the second visit, confirmation on the result of the discussion between

the above parties concerned before the elaboration of the basic design.

This process has not been necessarily followed in the required appropriate

sequence described above. In some cases, confirmation of needs on project



components without even any initial proper confirmation of the needs with the

population was made according to some of the meetings attended by the JICA

Study Team or the minutes of sensitization meeting or prior to any discussions on

these needs being held between AGR, the JICA Study Team and the local

consultant.

Then, the Study team held the periodically meetings with the local consultants

experts in the course of the first sensitization meeting, and suggested them to

make the beneficiary’s project participation heighten. The second sensitization

meeting has the most important role to decide the water supply planning, so the

Study team explained its importance to the experts repeatedly. After the

suggestion, the local consultants experts prepared the maps and illustrations when

they explained to the beneficiaries and urged population to appeal their opinion in

the meeting.

(4) Favorable Effects on People

The sensitization work made the following contributions to the target population.

1) Opportunity for gathering for women, who tend to be excluded from

community meeting

Due to the cultural reasons, participants of each meeting were mainly male,

female participants were quite limited. The separate meeting was

introduced by the Project, the opportunities to attend the meeting increased

for the female beneficiaries. In actual, there were very few female

participants in Jendouba, Béja, and Le Kef in the first meeting, the number

of the female increased in the second and third meeting.

2) Opportunity for re-thinking the problem of rural exodus which is related

in a number of minutes of sensitization meetings and in meetings

attended by the JICA Study Team for the Ghraissia subproject in Le Kef.

3) Realization of the educational opportunities about hygiene matters

The population can use the existing well free at present, however, hygiene

condition is very poor like high turbidity and mixture of suspended solids.



The sensitization works introduced to improve hygiene condition and reduce

water-related disease rate by the Study, the population could understand the

relationship between water and human’s health by the sensitization works.

4) Beneficiary’s participation for water supply planning.

The population hardly imagine the exact water point location on the map, so

the participated population went to the proposed water point location with

the local experts, and they decided the exact location under their agreement.

They could act to implement the project planning spontaneously.

9.6 Conclusion

Though the sensitization work contributed to the inclusion of needs and opinions

of prospective users into project component to a certain degree, it has revealed at

the same time as not having been thoroughly assimilated by all parties concerned

due to less experience in this area, which caused different insufficient effects as

mentioned. However, it would be too early to evaluate the result of the

sensitization work, as achievement of the overall goal will take a long time to

appear. Furthermore, reinforced monitoring will be needed, namely in the next

phase of sensitization or consolidation phase, to measure the extent to which the

sensitization work conducted during the present study has an effect on the

involvement of prospective users.

Tab

le 9

.4.1

Stu

dy P

hase

s A

lrea

dy E

xecu

ted

as R

elat

ed to

Sen

sitiz

atio

n

GO

VER

NO

RA

TESU

BPR

OJE

CT

Hou

se-

Peop

le T

ouch

ed

1st V

isit

Peop

le T

ouch

ed

2nd

Vis

itPe

ople

Tou

ched

3r

d V

isit

Ave

rage

Com

mitm

ent

Hol

dsM

en%

Wom

.%

Men

%W

om.

%M

en%

Wom

.%

%M

en%

Wom

.R

ate

%A

RIA

NA

FAID

H E

L A

MR

INE-

SID

I GH

RIB

138

5943

%16

12%

8662

%10

072

%13

810

0%10

274

%68

%53

%81

AR

IAN

AH

MA

IEM

ESS

OU

FLA

4343

100%

2353

%43

100%

3991

%43

100%

4310

0%10

0%81

%10

0A

RIA

NA

TYA

YR

A48

4185

%18

38%

4492

%18

38%

4810

0%48

100%

92%

58%

96B

EN A

RO

US

OU

LED

BEN

MIL

ED a

nd O

ULE

D S

AA

D21

510

247

%12

056

%18

486

%18

586

%21

510

0%19

088

%78

%77

%87

BEN

AR

OU

SSI

DI F

RED

J96

9610

0%78

81%

4446

%37

39%

9610

0%96

100%

82%

73%

85N

AB

EUL

SID

I HA

MM

ED30

921

570

%14

848

%18

761

%95

31%

287

93%

183

59%

74%

46%

84ZA

GH

OU

AN

JIM

LA53

3668

%25

47%

5310

0%42

79%

4381

%35

66%

83%

64%

91ZA

GH

OU

AN

RO

UIS

SAT

BO

UG

AR

MIN

E23

022

10%

3214

%20

388

%70

30%

138

60%

4118

%53

%21

%82

BIZ

ERTE

SMA

DA

H20

519

394

%13

566

%15

174

%96

47%

205

100%

205

100%

89%

71%

87B

IZER

TETE

RG

ULE

CH

224

198

88%

8337

%22

410

0%68

30%

224

100%

224

100%

96%

56%

95B

EJA

EL G

AR

IA94

4548

%0

0%94

100%

2931

%66

70%

3234

%73

%22

%84

BEJ

AEL

GA

RR

AG

278

6022

%0

0%24

086

%14

753

%65

23%

259%

44%

21%

82B

EJA

FATN

ASS

A18

540

22%

00%

185

100%

101

55%

6736

%38

21%

53%

25%

83JE

ND

OU

BA

CH

OU

AO

ULA

390

4010

%0

0%34

789

%55

14%

7519

%35

9%39

%8%

90JE

ND

OU

BA

JOU

AO

UD

A 1

/ B

ATT

AH

A12

6840

3%0

0%38

530

%12

810

%24

419

%11

49%

18%

6%81

JEN

DO

UB

AM

AA

LIM

469

4510

%10

2%26

456

%90

19%

9019

%42

9%28

%10

%82

JEN

DO

UB

AO

ULE

D D

HIF

ALL

AH

531

479%

51%

163

31%

5811

%10

219

%47

9%20

%7%

81JE

ND

OU

BA

SID

I SA

LAH

(can

celle

d)-

--

--

--

--

--

--

LE K

EFC

HA

AM

BA

-O.E

I ASS

EL-H

MA

IDIA

127

4535

%0

0%85

67%

3528

%67

53%

2117

%52

%15

%82

LE K

EFM

'HA

FDH

IA -

GH

RA

ISSI

A90

9010

0%9

10%

9010

0%89

99%

3033

%17

19%

78%

43%

81K

AIR

OU

AN

CH

ELA

LGA

171

109

64%

3822

%17

110

0%41

24%

110

64%

4526

%76

%24

%82

KA

IRO

UA

NG

UD

IFET

T21

681

38%

199%

153

71%

4521

%12

759

%60

28%

56%

19%

84K

AIR

OU

AN

HM

IDET

248

146

59%

5221

%19

277

%10

141

%73

29%

3715

%55

%26

%85

KA

IRO

UA

NZG

AIN

IA91

6571

%0

0%83

91%

5257

%73

80%

3741

%81

%33

%83

KA

SSER

INE

DA

AY

SIA

6129

48%

4980

%35

57%

2134

%49

80%

3252

%62

%56

%86

KA

SSER

INE

HEN

CH

IR T

OU

NSI

(New

Pro

ject

)17

974

41%

4525

%11

564

%48

27%

4927

%33

18%

44%

23%

83K

ASS

ERIN

EO

UED

LA

GSA

B83

3846

%41

49%

2834

%31

37%

2328

%0

0%36

%29

%85

KA

SSER

INE

SID

I HA

RR

ATH

- G

OU

ASS

EM16

411

067

%10

262

%20

12%

7546

%89

54%

5433

%45

%47

%84

SID

I BO

UZI

DA

MA

IRIA

6868

100%

6810

0%68

100%

4465

%60

88%

4465

%96

%76

%90

SID

I BO

UZI

DB

LAH

DIA

157

8755

%78

50%

2717

%72

46%

7850

%66

42%

41%

46%

89SI

DI B

OU

ZID

BO

UC

HIH

A26

517

365

%78

29%

135

51%

7528

%12

045

%62

23%

54%

27%

84SI

DI B

OU

ZID

MA

HR

OU

GA

9898

100%

9294

%73

74%

5556

%62

63%

4950

%79

%67

%83

MA

HD

IAC

OM

PLEX

E B

OU

SSLI

M92

369

876

%23

325

%82

089

%27

029

%20

422

%46

5%62

%20

%85

MA

HD

IAC

OM

PLEX

E EL

AIT

HA

296

169

57%

6923

%11

439

%12

041

%11

439

%79

27%

45%

30%

85G

AFS

AH

ENC

HIR

ED

HO

UA

HER

4615

33%

00%

3372

%32

70%

3372

%0

0%59

%23

%93

GA

FSA

KH

AN

GU

ET Z

AM

MO

UR

260

8934

%52

20%

137

53%

3313

%51

20%

00%

36%

11%

85G

AFS

ATH

LEIJ

IA27

376

28%

00%

6624

%7

3%10

639

%0

0%30

%1%

84G

AB

ESB

ATE

N T

RA

JMA

403

107

27%

338%

102%

6516

%33

8%0

0%12

%8%

92G

AB

ESC

HA

AB

ET E

JJA

YER

4523

51%

3271

%18

40%

00%

3169

%0

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86

NIPPON KOEI TAIYO CONSULTANTS 9-11

The Detailed Design Study onThe Rural Water Supply Project in Tunisia

Final Report Vol.1 Main ReportChapter 9 Sensitization Work

Final Report Vol.1 Main Report Chapter 10 Operation Plan


CHAPTER 10 OPERATION PLAN

10.1 Current Operation of Group of Water Users (GIC)

10.1.1 Governmental Organizations Related to GIC

Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and Ministry of Interior (MOI) are the

governmental organizations deal with establishment and operational matters

concerning as GIC. Government Unit of GIC (CGIC) which is the section

organized under the AGR in each CRDA supports beneficiaries directly to establish

and operate GIC.

Ministry of Agriculture undertakes the Project implementation; The

Sub-Directorate of Potable Water Supply in DGGR, AGR of every CRDA and GIC

have the close co-ordination to attain the Project objectives. Figure 10.1.1 and

10.1.2 show the organization chart of the Ministry of Agriculture and CRDA of

Kasserine, respectively.

Ministry of Interior plays a role of supporting GIC through the Governor, the

highest authority in the governorate, who administrate the GIC according to the

laws with regard to GIC establishment and succeeding activities. GIH, Group

interested in Water Uses, in the governorate takes charge of the procedure to

establish and legalize the GIC.

Governmental Organizations Related to the Rural Water Supply Project

Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Interior

GIC

• Participation of the project • Submission of the agreement • Report of accident and leakage

• Provision of the project information

• GICestablishment support • GIC staff training • Facilities repairing works

• Office staff Training

GIC activities monitoring

• Submission of GIG establishment

• Submission of Budget

• GIC establishment approval

• Budget approval

AGR

CRDA

SGIC

DGGR

CGIC

Governor



10.1.2 Organization (GIC Management)

The scale of the water supply system is very small. Therefore, it is almost

impossible to establish an independent organization to manage it. So a users

association called Group of Water Users (GIC) is introduced instead for the

establishment of users self-management system for the projected water supply

system. Limited potential and poor quality of water resources are issues to be

considered for the Study. They sometimes compel population to accept

unsatisfactory quality water supply, especially relatively higher salinity contents.

These matters show that while the Project is technically simple, it is quite difficult

to assure the project sustainability. Introduction of the sensitization program for the

prospective beneficiary population is one of the measures to overcome this

difficulty. The objectives of the program are raising the population’s consciousness

of the ownership of the projected system and the participation in its management,

and continuous self-development of the population itself and users associations

(GIC) through the participation of the project is as well.

After the realization of the water supply systems under the Project 2001, each

project will be managed by GIC, which in general will be created before starting the

construction stage. The general organization chart of GIC is shown below:

General Concept of GIC Organization

Treasurer (Trustee)

Pump operator

Trustee

Trustee

President

Tap keeper

Tap keeper

Beneficiary

Beneficiary

Beneficiary

Trustee

GIC Board of Trustees

Tap keeper



GIC consists of beneficiary family heads who took part in GIC by submitting the

signed commitment form during the feasibility study. The number of the trustees is

minimum three (3) and maximum nine (9) but the number is to three (3), six (6), or

nine (9). If candidates match these numbers, the trustees are nominated without

election. Besides this case, the beneficiaries elect the trustees. The president and

the treasurer are elected from among the trustees. Their term is one and they do not

get any income from GIC.

The operation of the facilities are managed by the treasurer, the pump operator, and

the tap keeper. The treasurer can not get income from GIC, however, he has the

responsibilities about the financial operation of GIC, preparation of the annual

budget, the approval procedures, management of the income and expenditure, and

the annual report preparation.

The GIC Board of Trustees designates the pump operator and the tap keepers and

pays between 100 and 150 DT/month to the pump operator. The pump operator

prepares the pump operation plan with the support of the trustees and GIC. The tap

keeper can get a commission of around 20% of water charge paid by a beneficiary at

a communal tap. A trustee can become the pump operator or the tap keeper. The

beneficiary owes: a) the periodic payment of membership fee b) the periodic

payment of the charge for used water c) the contribution to GIC management by the

participation in the GIC general meeting d) the payment of the revolving fund at

starting the water supply system operation.

Though the organization of GIC is established like this, the treasurer and the pump

operator are main actors of GIC management.

10.1.3 Current Operation

In rural water supply projects implemented before 1996, population sensitization

was reportedly not emphasized. Actually, no detailed information was given to the

local inhabitants on the projects or on formalities related to the creation of Water

Users Groups, GIC, supposed to manage them. People did not, consequently, take

interest in the GIC activities, namely, the management, operation and maintenance



of a constructed water supply system, and were reluctant to regularly pay the

required membership fee and water cost price due to the irregular water supply

caused by inefficient management of GIC. As a result, the efficiency and

effectiveness of the rural water supply projects were lower than expected.

The sensitization program to identify prospective beneficiaries and make them

understand the beneficiaries’ responsibilities to take part in GIC was introduced to

improve such situations and enhance local people’s consciousness on the objectives

and values of the water supply project and raise their (consciousness on)

participation in the management of the projected water supply system through GIC

activities.

10.2 Operation Plan

10.2.1 Operation Strategy

SGIC, DGGR Service division for GIC, has already prepared the general manuals

in Arabic for the pump operator and the treasurer of GIC.

At present, there is no problems occurred about the manuals when the Study team

surveyed at the sites. Therefore, the operation plan was prepared based on the

existing manuals. The Study Team translated them into French, then prepared

manuals that can be applied to each projected water supply system taking particular

conditions of each subproject into consideration. Because the power source (power

supply from STEG or generator), the type of pump, kinds of installations, etc., vary

from one subproject to another .

The manuals described the contents of the tasks assigned to the pump operator and

the treasurers. The tasks have been already quoted in the previous sub-chapter.

Providing that the pump operator and the treasurer fulfill their duties according to

the manuals with the assistance of a CRDA, the operation of the projected water

supply system will be executed without difficulties.

10.2.2 Operation System

As mentioned in Chapter 6, the projected water supply systems were designed as



simple as possible considering that GICs would operate and manage the systems.

The pump operator has responsibility to operate the system and the treasurer should

manage the GIC. Their assignments to be fulfilled under the administration of the

president of GIC board of trustees are as follows:

(1) Pump Operator

1) Securing enough quantity of water that users demand;

2) Management and maintenance of hydraulic equipment, measuring

devices, system protection installation, etc.;

3) Management and maintenance of pipe network with ancillary facilities

4) Disinfection using Javel water;

5) Keeping the pumping station management book and recording the daily

operation;

6) Keeping devices, tools and documents in the pumping station;

7) Guarding the pumping station and hydraulic equipment;

8) Reporting to the President of GIC on the technical conditions of

equipment, apparatuses and devices of water supply system.

He also should prepare a daily operation program, which is based on the needs of

the beneficiaries, under the assistance of trustees of GIC and the CRDA service

division for GIC.

The tap keeper has to open a valve of a communal tap or a potence according to the

daily operation program and then he should collect water charge whenever a

beneficiary takes water from a service point. He also has the duty to do

maintenance and minor repair works of the communal taps or the potence under the

control of the pump operator.

Operating hours of the service points of the existing water supply systems under the

Rural Water Supply Project is decided by each GIC:

Some of projected water supply systems, which are planned to be supplied water

from SONEDE, are not equipped with a pump, etc. No pump operator is



consequently employed to such system. In this case, a tap keeper programs the

operating time of a service point under the administration of the president of GIC

board of trustees.

(2) Treasurer

1) Annual budgeting of GIC;

2) Preparation of GIC members list;

3) Registering income and issuing a receipt;

4) Payment of authorized amount by the GIC board of the trustees;

5) Registration of income and expenditure in the book;

6) Keeping the receipts of income and expenditure;

7) Preparation of a GIC financial report;

8) Presenting the financial report to the board of trustees and the GIC

general meeting;

9) Submission of the GIC financial report with all corroborative data to a

Regional Taxation Bureau or the concerned department of the Ministry of

Finance.



Figure 10.1.1The Detailed Design Study on The Rural Water Supply Project in the Repubilc of Tunisa Organization Chart Related to Water SupplyJapan International Cooperation Agency of Ministry of Agriculture



Figure 10.1.2The Detailed Design Study on The Rural Water Supply Project in the Repubilc of Tunisa Organization of Kasserine CRDAJapan International Cooperation Agency

CRDA

note: Figures in parentheses show the number of staff of a said division

Division1 Hydraulics and Rural Equipment

Division 2 Administration and Finances

Division 3 Extension and Agricultural Production

Division 4 Afforestation and Soil Protection

AGR (16)

Study (4) Construction (5) CGIC (7)

Irrig. Operation Maintenance Water Resources

Function of AGR: 1) To study and carry out Rural water Supply Project and Irrigation project 2) To promote GIC activities 3) To assist procurement of equipment (by getting credit) and assist well drilling.

Final Report Vol.1 Main Report Chapter 11 Environmental Impact Assessment


CHAPTER 11 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

11.1 Present Environmental Conditions

No major negative environmental impacts are expected for Project 2000 and

Project 2001. In fact, the projects are expected to result in enhanced

environmental benefits through increased efficiency of water use. A detailed

analysis of the Tunisian EIA system has been carried out through the aegis of the

World Bank and Mediterranean Technical Assistance Programme (METAP) and it

has been judged to be amongst the best in the region. Individual subprojects

under the Project 2000 and Project 2001 will not require EIAs in accordance with

national guidelines. However, the Study carried out the Initial Environmental

Examination applying to the JBIC environmental guidelines considering

environmental impact assessment fully. EIA was also carried out for the items to

affect the negative environment impacts based on the IEE results.

11.2 Institution of Environmental Aspects

Tunisia takes up a preventive policy towards the sustainable environment issues

concerned. It undertakes to improve the quality of citizen's life, when taking

protection actions for conserving the natural resources.

Several institutions have been created with a view of protecting the environment

and insuring a sustainable natural resources development. Those are:

(1) National Office for Purification

(2) National Agency for Environment Protection

(3) The Ministry of Environment and Land Use Development

(4) The National Commission for Sustainable Development

In Tunisia, the legislator actually arranges legal texts concerning different fields of

rural zones (water, forests, soils). These texts are grouped together in three

categories:

(1) Those who concern the natural resources protection and conservation;



(2) Those who take an interest in the fight against the pollution and diverse

nuisances;

(3) Those who institute a global framework of activities based on the relevant

laws.

11.3 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

Based on JBIC Guidelines, Screening and Scoping is provided, the 17 subprojects

were selected on the basis of the project scale, socio-economic conditions, natural

conditions, and the completion of field data. Conclusions of the IEE results are

shown in Table 11.3.1 and summarized as follows:

(1) Based on detailed review of the literature related to each project component,

field investigation and discussions with counterparts at GR, MOA most of

the above projects were not even subjected to an environmental review based

on Tunisian regulations.

(2) This Project will have a strongly positive net environmental impact.

1) The provision of a secure supply of clean water to 43 subprojects area

has good influence on health and safety benefits.

2) Cumulative savings in costs and manpower related to the reduction of

water related diseases will be substantial.

3) Mortality reduction caused by infectious diseases will be in addition to

the above.

4) Finally, the provision of clean water, will increase productivity and

support economic development.

(3) Negative impacts are basically temporary construction related ones and

drainage from the water point.

Therefore, Environmental Impact Assessment was carried out for those two

matters.



11.4 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

(1) Environmental impact assessment during the construction stage

The construction works executed by the Project are small scaled ones so that the

impacts affected to the surrounding environment are negligible. Besides, these

minor negative impacts can be mitigated by mitigative measures such as

informing the construction plan and working time schedule to the habitats before

the construction works.

(2) Environmental impact assessment for the drainage from the water point

Generally, the water point is used for several hours in the morning time and

afternoon time only, and its volume is about a few cubic meters. The water point

has the drainage facilities under the floor slab, so drainage from the water tap was

infiltrated properly into the ground. Drainage volume from the water tap is less

than one cubic meter, therefore, salinization will not occur by the Project. It has

not been reported from the existing facilities about the salinization problem.

Further, it is judged that no hygiene problem will arise from the drainage.



Table 11.3.1 Overall IEE Results for 17 Subprojects (1/2)Impact Areas /Problems Further Study

1. Hmaiem Essoufla (Ariana) Sub-projet Serious 1. Serious issue of some unhygenic 25 l tanks used. 1.Awareness of hygiene very important for 35

households who will benefit.2. Overall the micro water supply project will bring big benefits overall

2. Preserve the benefits through awareness & education

Mild 1. Change in life-style when water will be available due to improved health especially of children.

1. Study sanitation conditions in the area. Spread awareness about hygiene amongst women.

2. Ouled Miled – Ouled Saad (Ben Arous) Sub-projet Serious 1. 101 households will be provided 25 l /day of

potable water1. Huge benefits due to the micro project should be institutionalised by public participation

2. Storage tank hygiene very important 2. Educate people about hygiene good for health especially children

Mild 1. Temporary construction related noise & pollution 1. Provide information about project components

3. Jimla (Zaghouan) Sub-projetSerious 1. 53 households to benefit from this micro scale

project of 3 public taps & 5 drainages1.Awareness & education about hygienic storage of water by families.

2. Clean water = better health 2. Children's benefits must be highlighted to women.

Mild 1. Noise & pollution during construction 1. Only temporary, large benefits at the end for 50+households.

4. Rouissat-Bougarnine (Zaghouan) Sub-projetSerious 1. Relatively large micro water supply of 40 m3 through

11 public taps & other facilites1. Study the hygienic storage of water by families

2. Prepare plan for public participation

Mild 1. Minor noise & other pollution during construction 1. Temporary inconvenience

5. Chaamba – Ouled El Assel - Hmaidia (El Kef) Sub-projet Serious 1. 140+ household will derive big benefits due to clean

water supply in Chaamba1. Existing unhygienic storage of 25 l/day must be discontinued.

2. Change old practice of unclean water storage 2. Public awareness through participation & education

Mild 1. Noise & other minor pollution during construction. 1. Temporary discomfort only.

6. Ghraissia (El Kef) Sub-ProjectSerious 1. 90 households will get clean Ain Senan spring water 1. 20 l /day water must be stored hygienically to

derive the benefits.2. Surrounding preserved forest reserve & 1200 m. Jughurta table be safeguarded

2. Benefits of forest preservation be highlighted with hygienic water storage practices

Mild 1. 20 m3 semi-buried tank & other construction will generate noise & air pollution

1. Temporary only, benefits of improved health in the end will be very large.

7. Chelalga (Kairouan) Sub-Project Serious 1. Dispersed micro project will benefit 63 households

with a 15 km pipeline & 14 public taps1. Existing storage unclean to benefit fully better storage be adopted.

2. Big health benefits if better hygiene is adopted. 2. Women must be informed about benefits to children's health

Mild 1. Temporary noise & air pollution in the Chalalga project area. 1. Post project benefits to compensate construction related minor disruption

8. Guedifet (Kairouan) Sub-Project Serious 1. Relatively developed project area has 169 households

benefiting; hygienic storage main issue.1. Clean storage practices should be spread through CRDA, mosque school.

Mild 1. Temporary & minor noise & air pollution during construction

1. Traffic be monitored & people should be informed about digging schedule. Project benefits be highlighted.

9. Hmidet (Kairouan) Sub-Project Serious 1. Rather large micro project benefits 248 households of

total 1600 population with 17 public taps.1. Current unhygienic practice of water storage in 25 l cans brought by women.

2. Area's dispensary & schools be made use of to spread public hygiene education.

2. Women & staff of public facilities should be brought together for public hygiene education.

Mild 1. Temporary & minor noise & air pollution for 18 dispersed communities.

1. After project benefits will prepare the people for temporary discomfort



Table 11.3.1 Overall IEE Results for 17 Subprojects (2/2)Impact Areas /Problems Further Study

10. Zgainia (Kairouan) Sub-Project Serious 1. Almost 63 private connections & 6 public taps will

replace old system1. Individual connections will replace unhygienic 200 l family tanks upgrading the health of most of the 600+people

Mild 1. Temporary noise and air pollution due to large distribution pipelines from SONEDE connection.

1. End benefits to be provided by many households with piped water.

11. Amairia Water Supply Sub-projetSerious 1. Amaira project will benefit 68 households with reliable clean

water supply; new hygiene practices must accompany this1. Concerted effort for awareness among women for better hygiene

Mild 1. Temporary noise and air pollution due to construction activity.

1. End benefits of the project will compensate for disrupton.

12. Blahdia Water Supply Sub-Project Serious 1. 800+ people in Blahdia will benefit by 48 m3 /day of clean

water from deep well through 9 public taps & 2 potences.1. Existing hygiene practice will have to be upgraded by the communities benefiting by public awareness program.

Mild 1. Temporary & minor noise & air pollution in the area. 1. End project benefits must be kept in front. Big overall benefits due to health improvement.

13. Bouslim (Mahdia) Sub-Project Serious 1. This is a large micro water supply project providing 41

public taps with drainages & 14 privte connections,1. Family level storage will have to be hygienic for the full benefits to be availed.

Mild 1. Minor and temporary construction noise and air pollution. 1. Mitigatory measures will be taken and 17,000 residents will be informed of the construction plans in advance.

14. El Aitha/Bkour (Mahdia) Sub-Project Serious 1. No serious impact is anticipated by any of the 296

benefiting households.1. Need to upgrade existing in-house storage facilities.

Mild 1. Minor and temporary noise & air pollution during construction from SONEDE to public taps with drainages

1. End benefits of the project will be large.

15. Khanget Zammour (Gafsa) Sub-Project Serious 1. Micro water supply scheme to 121 households will

bring only benefits.1. Existing in house storage system will have to be kept hygienic.

Mild 1. Minor and temporary construction related noise and air pollution.

1. Temporary.

16. Ezzahra (Gabes) Sub-Project Serious 1. This is a micro water supply project for only 65

households.1. No negative impact, only maintenance of hygienic practices after the project completion.

Mild 1. Minor and temporary noise and air pollution. 1. People to be informed of construction schedule etc.

17. Daasya (Kasserine) Sub-Project Serious 1. Micro water supply project for 336 people will have not

negative environmental impacts1. To better benefit people in the project area will have to maintain hygienic storage in their houses.

Mild 1. Minor and temporary noise and air pollution during construction.

1. People of the area must be informed about the construction activities and schedule.

Final Report Vol.1 Man Report Chapter 12 Conclusions and Recommendations


CHAPTER 12 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

12.1 Conclusions

(1) In the Study, the design review of the Project 2000 designed by Tunisian

government were executed, and the basic study and the detailed design were

also carried out for the Project 2001. The design review of the Project 2000

were made for 42 subprojects of which design had been completed. No

serious problem was found in the design. Therefore, each subproject

proceeds to the implementation stage.

(2) Initially, the Project 2001 includes 44 subprojects. However, one

subproject was cancelled due to high unit invetment cost of 550

DT/beneficiary which exceeds the allowable limit. Further, three

subprojects in Jendouba were integrated as one subproject because these

subprojects use the same water source. Therefore, the subsequent Study

was conducted for 41 subprojects.

(3) For 41 subprojects, a sensitization work was carried out three times

according to the sensitization program prepared by Tunisian government and

consents to implement the subprojects were obtained from the beneficial

families of more than 80% of total beneficial families. Based on the

consents, the detailed design were carried out for 41 subprojects and tender

documents were prepared.

(4) Though 12 water sources could not satisfy the national water quality

guideline for drinking water according to the water quality analysis results,

the project implementation was decided by the Tunisian government

judgment. However, as the water source Blahdia in Sidi Bouzid contains

Lead exceeding the allowable limit, the use of such water shall be

reconsidered by the Tunisian government.

(5) According to the financial analysis, the water supply costs of 41 subprojects

range from 0.2 DT/m3 to 0.9 DT/m3. They are less than 1.0 DT/m3 of the



allowable limit to implement the project. Besides, all the subprojects are

financially viable in 2017 (project final year). It was confirmed that

sustainable operation is expected for all subprojects.

(6) The rural water supply project in Tunisia contributes to not only supplying

water but also the realization of hygiene education, people’s settlement in the

rural area and realization of income opportunities, etc. The rural water

supply project is beneficial for the people.

12.2 Recommendations

(1) It is prospected that groundwater resources will be continuously developed

for irrigation and water supply purposes in the rural area. Meanwhile, there

is concern that lowering of the groundwater level may occur in the long term.

Because of this, the groundwater development is being managed by DGRE,

Ministry of Agriculture. In order to secure the groundwater resource in the

long term, DGGR should prepare the groundwater use plan following the

recommendation of DGRE.

(2) Though the final decision on use of the water which could not satisfy the

national water quality guideline for drinking water was entrusted to DGGR,

DGGR should judge taking into consideration influence to the local people’s

health in case that such water is used for long time.

(3) Fortunately, national subsidy system by which the construction cost is born

by the central government is available in Tunisia. It is recommended to

supply safe water applying the subsidy system extensively even if the

investment cost becomes higher.

(4) The present water quality analysis items of water source for drinking water

are insufficient to properly judge suitability of water source. It is

recommended to add analysis of toxic materials such as arsenic, lead, etc. to

the present water quality analysis.

(5) It is important to train the sensitization experts in order to reflect the



intention of beneficiaries in the future rural water supply project. The

training should cover improvement of technique for discussion with the

people, increase of capability on visual presentation, increase of capability to

fully understand the opinions of the people, etc. Also, it is recommended

from the viewpoint of gender to continue the effort to have more women

participate in the sensitization meetings. Further, it is recommended to

make an appeal to the women for participation in the rural water supply

projects through the organizations such as literacy centers and medical

offices which are related to enhancement of women’s social status.