Chapter 6: Application Software · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition 2 Learning Objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. Describe what application software is, the different

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

Chapter 6:

Application Software

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition2

Learning Objectives

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Describe what application software is, the differenttypes of ownership rights, and the difference betweeninstalled and Web-based software.Detail some concepts and commands that manysoftware programs have in common.Discuss word processing and explain what kinds ofdocuments are created using this type of program.Explain the purpose of spreadsheet software and thekinds of documents created using this type of program.


Learning Objectives

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Identify some of the vocabulary used with databasesoftware and discuss the benefits of using this type ofprogram.Describe what presentation graphics and electronicslide shows are and when they might be used.List some types of graphics and multimedia softwareconsumers frequently use.Name other types of application software programs anddiscuss what functions they perform.


Software Ownership Rights

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Commercial software: Copyrighted software that isdeveloped usually by a commercial company, for sale toothersShareware: Copyrighted software distributed on thehonor system; consumers should either pay for it oruninstall it after the trial periodFreeware: Copyrighted software programs that are givenaway by the author for others to use free of chargePublic domain software: Software that is not copyrightedand ownership rights have been donated to the publicdomainOpen source software: Programs with source codemade available to the general public

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

Desktop vs. Mobile Software

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Mobile phones and mobile devices typically requiremobile software

Specifically designed for a specific type of deviceWide range of software available

5


Online Video

“Zillow iPhone App”(click below to start video)

Reminder: The complete set of online videos and video podcasts are available at:www.cengage.com/computerconcepts/np/uc13

Courtesy Zillow


Installed vs. Web-Based Software

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Installed software: Must be installed on the computerbefore it can be run

Can be purchased in physical formCan be downloaded from the Internet


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Web-based software:Run directly from theInternet

Also calledSoftware as aService (SaaS) andcloudwareIncludes freesoftware and fee-based softwareavailable via anapplication serviceprovider (ASP)

Installed vs. Web-Based Software


Software Suites

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Software suite: Collection of software programs bundledtogether and sold as a single software package

Office suites are used by most businesses/individualsto produce documents

Typically include:Word processing softwareSpreadsheet softwareDatabase softwarePresentation graphics softwareAdditional productivity tools like calendars,messaging programs, or collaboration tools

Provides a common interface among programs in thesuite


Common Software Commands

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Application programs today have a number of conceptsand commands in common

ToolbarsMenusCommand buttonsKeyboardshortcutsRibbonMini toolbar


The Ribbon

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Used in Microsoft Office 2007 and laterCommands are organized into groups located on tabsContexual: Commands appear as they are appropriate


Editing a Document

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Editing a document: Changing the content of thedocument, such as inserting or deleting words

Insertion point: Indicates the current location in adocument, which is where the changes will be madeTyping text will insert itDelete and Backspace key will delete textText and objects can typically be selected to bemoved, copied, deleted, or formatted


Formatting a Document

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Formatting a document: Changing the appearance of thedocument

Changing font face, size, style, or colorChanging line spacing or marginsAdding page numbers or borders


Getting Help

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Help for software programsOften built into the program

Table of ContentsBrowsingSearch

Online help (via manufacturer’s Web site andindependent sites)Offline help (periodicals, books, tutorial videos,classes)


Word Processing Concepts

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Word processing: Using a computer and wordprocessing software to create, edit, save, and printwritten documents such as letters, contracts, andmanuscriptsWord processing software: Application software used tocreate, edit, save, and print written documentsCommon programs:

Microsoft WordCorel WordPerfectApple Pages


Creating a WordProcessing Document

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Word wrap: Automatically returns the insertion point tothe next line when the end of the screen line is reachedCharacter formatting (font face, size, style, or color)Paragraph formatting (line spacing, indentation, tabs,alignment, and styles)Page formatting (margins, paper size, orientation,headers, footers, etc)Document formatting (footnotes, end notes, table ofcontents, index, background, theme)


Tables, Graphics, and Templates

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Tables: Allow content to be organized in a tableconsisting of rows and columnsGraphics or drawing features: Allow images to beinserted into a document (clip art, photographs, drawnimages, etc.) and then modifiedTemplates: Help users create new documents quickly


Word Processing on the Web

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Most word processing programs today include Web-related features allowing you to:

Send a document as an e-mail messageInclude Web page hyperlinks in documentsCreate or modify Web pagesCreate and publish blogsCollaborate with others online


Spreadsheet Concepts

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Spreadsheet software: Used to create electronicspreadsheetsSpreadsheets: Documents containing a group ofnumbers and other data organized into rows andcolumnsWorksheet: A single spreadsheetWorkbook: A collection of worksheets saved in asingle fileMost widely used spreadsheet programs:

Microsoft ExcelCorel Quattro ProApple Numbers


Creating a Spreadsheet

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Worksheets are divided into rows and columnsCell: The intersection of a row and a column

Each cell is identified by a cell addressCell pointer marks current cellGroups of cells are called ranges or blocks; can beselected with mouse or keyboardData is entered into current cell


Entering Data into a Spreadsheet Cell

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Cells can contain:Labels: Text-based entry in a worksheet cell thatidentifies data on the worksheetConstant values: Numerical entry in a worksheet cellFormulas: Performs mathematical operations on thecontent of other cells

Usually reference cell address, not the current datain a cellUse mathematical operators + - / * ^e.g. =B8+C8+D8

Functions: Named programmed formulae.g. @SUM(B8..D8)


Absolute vs. Relative Cell Referencing

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Relative cell references: Cell addresses are adjusted asthe formula is copied

The default in most spreadsheet programse.g. B6

Absolute cell references: Cell addresses are notadjusted as the formula is copied

Used when the formulas should always use the valuein a particular cell, regardless of in which cell theformula is placed, such as for:

Constant value (sales tax rate, etc.)Percent computation (always divide by total)

e.g. $B$6


Charts and What-If Analysis

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Most spreadsheet programs include some type ofcharting or graphing capability

Can create charts from the data in the spreadsheet(don’t have to reenter it)Charts change accordingly if the data in thespreadsheet changes

What-if analysis (sensitivity analysis) & Goal SeekingAllows you to change certain numbers on aspreadsheet and immediately see the results of thatchangeTool frequently used to help make business decisions


Spreadsheets and the Web

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Most spreadsheet programs have built-in Webcapabilities, such as to:Save the current worksheet as a Web pageInsert hyperlinks inserted into worksheet cellsSelect and copy ranges of cells to a Web publishing orword processing program to insert spreadsheet datainto a Web page as a tableCollaborate online


Database Concepts

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Database: A collection of related data that is stored in amanner enabling information to be retrieved as neededDatabase management system (DBMS): Software thatallows the creation and manipulation of an electronicdatabaseMost widely used database programs

Microsoft AccessOracle DatabaseIBM DB2


Database Concepts

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Most PC-based databases are relational databasesand organized into fields (columns), records (rows),and tablesField (column): A single type of data to be stored in adatabaseRecord (row): A collection of related fieldsTable: collection of related recordsDatabase file: Collection of related tables


Database Concepts


Microsoft Access

• Databases contain a variety of objects (such as tables,queries, forms, reports)


Creating a Database


Creating a Database – Entering Data


Queries and Reports

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Query: A question; a request for specific informationfrom the database

Contains criteria to specify the records and fields tobe included in the query resultsIs named and saved so it can be run again at a latertimeResults always include the current database data

Reports: Created when a more formal output is desiredAssociated with either a table or a queryData is displayed in the specified formatDoes both summary and detail reporting


Queries


Databases and the Web

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Many Web sites use one or more databases to:Keep track of inventoryAllow searching for people, documents, products, orother informationPlace real-time orders

Anytime you type keywords in a search site or hunt for aproduct on a retail store’s Web site using its searchfeature, you are using a Web database


Presentation Graphic Concepts

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Presentation graphic:An image designed tovisually enhance apresentation

Can be used inelectronic slideshows, as well as inprinted reports

Slide: A one-pagepresentation graphicthat can be displayedin a group with othersto form an electronicslide show


Microsoft PowerPoint

Corel Presentations Apple Keynote


Creating a Presentation

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Templates and preformatted slide layouts can often be usedNew slides can be added as neededSlides can contain a variety of elements

TextImagesChartsAudio clipsVideo clips

Slides can be formatted as neededMultimedia and animation can be added to slides

AnimationTransitions


Finishing a Presentation

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Slide sorter view: Used to rearrangethe slide orderShow can be set up to runautomatically or on mouse clicksCan add speaker notes, recordednarration, etc.Can print the slides to createoverhead transparencies or anaudience handoutSpeaker tools:

Speaker notes and pensPresenter view


Presentation Graphics and the Web

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Presentation graphics programs can be used to generateWeb pages or Web page contentSlides can include hyperlinksUsers can usually control Web-based presentationsaccessed via a Web browser


Graphics and Multimedia Concepts

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Graphics: Graphical images, such as digital photographs,clip art, scanned drawings, and original images createdusing a software programMultimedia: Typically refers to any application thatcontains more than one type of media

Often used to refer to audio or video contentLarge variety of graphics and multimedia software, suchas to:

Create or modify graphicsEdit digital audio or videoPlay multimedia filesBurn CDs and DVDs


Graphics Software

MS Paint

Adobe Illustrator,CorelDRAW

PhotoShop,Corel PaintShop Photo,Apple iPhoto


Audio Editing Software

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Audio editing software: Used to create and edit audiofiles (narrations, podcasts, etc.)

Capture sound from a microphoneCapture sound from a CD using ripping softwareEdit and apply special effectsWindows SoundRecorder, AppleGarage Band, etc.


Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software

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Video editing software: Used to modify existing videosPrepare video clips for presentations or Web sites

DVD authoring software: Used to create DVD contentImporting videos, creating menus, burning onto a DVD

DVD burning software: Used to record data onrecordable or rewritable DVDs

Roxio Creator, Apple iMovie/iDVD, etc.


Video Editing Software


Media Players

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Media players: Programs designed to play audio andvideo files

Music CDs, downloaded music, online audioDownloadedand online videoRealPlayer, AppleQuickTime,Windows MediaPlayer, etc.


Graphics, Multimedia, and the Web

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Graphics and multimedia software is often used byindividuals and businesses alike to create Web sites orcontent to be shared via the Web

GamesTutorialsVideosDemonstrationsOther content

Creating multimedia Web sites is discussed in Chapter10


Other Types of Application Software

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Desktop and personal publishing softwareEducational softwareEntertainment softwareReference softwareNote taking softwareand Web notebooks


Other Types of Application Software

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CAD and other types of design softwareAccounting and personal finance softwareProject management, collaboration, andremote access software