Chapter 6 agrarian reform program of the philippines

BASIC ECONOMICS

CHAPTER V I

AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM OF THE

philippines

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Too little land is available for too

many people.

FACT:

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LAND REFORM vs AGRARIAN REFORM

Land Reform

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-a process of redistributing land from the landlords to

tenant-farmers in order that they will be given a chance

to own a piece of land to improve their plight.

Agrarian Reform

-concerned with the total development of the farmers’ economic, social and political transformation.

Agrarian Reform covers some or all the elements:

1 Distribution of land to the cultivator;

(Sicat)

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2 Security of tenure and fair system of rental

payments;

3 Improved methods of cultivation through the improvement of

rural institutions serving the farmers such as:

1 Adequate Credit

2 Cooperative Marketing

3 Agricultural Investment

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AGRARIAN REFORM

HISTORYOF

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{ }A Pre-Spanish PeriodA rudimentary form of private ownership was practiced.

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{ }MCM

The tribal hunters and gatherers existed in their resource ranges, with no system of land-ownership.

A rudimentary form of private ownership was practiced. No formal procedures for recognizing private ownership such as documents, deeds or titles.

When the Indo-Malayan race came, they introduced the

Muslim System of land distribution in Southern Philippines which was unique from the pagan system. Thus the social system determined the land system in pre-Spanish times.

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{ }MCM

1 The Nobles

2 The Serfs

3 The Slaves

The different social classes were:

-could own their own land-free from tribute payment

-entitled to cultivate certain lands-required to pay an annual fee of ½ of the yield of their crops to the Datu.

-served the Datu or Nobles-they are owned, could be sold & traded DES

{ }BSpanish PeriodA new land-ownership system was introduced

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ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

{ }7Barrowing PowerThe President may contract or guarantee foreign loans on behalf of the Republic of

the Philippines

The encomienderos were replaced by the

“cacique class.” However, acquisition of land holdings became rampant particularly among religious orders and few private individuals. Share tenancy or the “Kasama System” came into existence. Large landholders leased portions of their landed estates to intermediaries, who, in turn, rented out parcels to peasants.

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{ }Causes of occasional rebellions of the peasants:

1 Enforced Labor;

2 Relatively heavy head tax; and

3 Required church & government contributionDES

{ }C American Period

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{ }*Many caciques who had maintained their positions through the Spanish period were able to keep and even strengthen their positions under the American.

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*(1903-1938) There was an increase in tenancy rate and decrease in land ownership.

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*the United States negotiated the purchase of 23 Friar Estates during the early years of the century. The land was subdivided and offered for sale to Filipinos residing on it.

*In 1938, the Church still controlled an estimated 41,782 hectares.

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*The Public Land Act of 1902 which became effective on July 26, 1904, offered homestead plots not in excess of 16 hectares to families who had occupied and cultivated the tract they were residing on since August 1, 1898.

{ }*The SAKDALISTA movement was initiated in 1930 by Benigno Ramos since he felt it would merely strengthen the cacique system. Over hundred sakdalistas were killed.

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{ }*Pedro Abad Santos, a socialist & peasant leader almost won against the candidate of Pampango landlords during the 1940 elections. He espoused the idea of expropriation of religious and public estates and their subdivisions to tenant farmers as the only solution to agrarian unrest.

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{ }The Present RepublicDDES

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*There was agitation in the rebel groups particularly the HUKBALAHAP to wage a continuing peasant struggle for agrarian reform.*In 1946, Pres. Manuel Roxas enacted RA No. 36 of 1946 to solve land tenure problems.

{ }*September 1954, Pres. Ramon Magsaysay signed into law RA No. 1199 as amended by RA No. 2263 which allowed for the division of crops.

*In 1955, the Land Reform Act was enacted which caused a great deal of controversy.

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{ }*In 1963, Pres. Diosdado Macapagal signed into law RA No. 3844, otherwise known as the Agricultural Land Reform Code. It failed because of political pressures.

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{ }*On September 21, 1972, Pres. Ferdinand Marcos issued PD No. 2 declaring the Philippines as land reform area.

*On Oct. 21, 1972, Pres. Marcos signed PD No. 27, “emancipating the tenant – farmers from the bondage of soil.”

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{ }Under the New Constitution…

*the primary governing law on agrarian reform is RA No. 6657, otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988.

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THANK YOU

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