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Slide 1
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Chapter 5 The Struggle to Found Colonies
Slide 3
Lesson 1-Hard Times In Virginia As Spain settled colonies in
the New World, England decided to try to start some colonies as
well. Englands, Queen Elizabeth I (the first) wanted to start
settlements in North America hoping to find gold or other natural
resources. Sir Walter Raleigh, one of the Queens advisors and an
English soldier offered to organize the first colony.
Slide 4
Roanoke Island Colony Sir Walter Raleigh sent the first group
of English colonists to an island off of the coast of what is today
North Carolina in 1585. However, because of a hard winter they
returned to England in 1586, starving! In 1587, Raleigh sent 100
men, women and children led by John White back to Roanoke Island.
When supplies ran low, White left the colonists there and went back
to England to get more. Unfortunately, England was at war with
Spain and he did not return to Roanoke Island with supplies until
1590!
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Roanoke Island (cont) Once he arrived back on Roanoke Island he
found that all of the colonists had disappeared. All he found was a
tree that had the word, CROATOAN carved into it. The Croatoans were
a Native American tribe that lived near the island. No one knows
for sure what happened to them. Were they killed by the Natives,
the Spanish or perhaps disease and starvation? Or did the move
south with the Croatoans? This colony became known as The Lost
Colony. CROATOAN
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The Battle of the Spanish Armada Spains King Phillip II was mad
at the English for trying to start colonies in North America. Spain
was also mad at an English Explorer, Sir Francis Drake, because on
his historic voyage around the world from 1577-1580 he captured a
bunch of gold from Spanish ships. In 1588, King Phillip II decided
to attack England with his armada, which is a huge fleet of war
ships. The English defeated the Spanish, which helped make England
one of the worlds most powerful nations and allowed England to work
on starting colonies in North America.
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The Jamestown Colony King James I of England gave the Virginia
Company a charter to start a colony in North America in 1606. In
1607 3 ships, Discovery, God Speed and the Susan Constant, carrying
120 colonists reached North America. They sailed up a river and
named it James River. They decided on a location on the river for
their colony that could be easily defended from people and wild
animals, they called it Jamestown.
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The Jamestown Colony (cont) John Smith said that this spot was
a good place to start a city. Unfortunately, he was wrong. The area
was swampy and loaded with disease carrying mosquitoes. Settlers
began to die as soon as they arrived at Jamestown.
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Captain John Smith The English colonists thought that they
would find gold like the Spanish did, but they didnt! Since they
spent their time looking for gold, they began to run out of food
and some died of starvation. Captain John Smith was elected to be
the leader of the colonists and proclaimed the famous quote The
colonists started building houses, digging wells, planting crops,
fishing in the river and trading with the Powhatan Indians that
lived nearby. If you dont work, you dont eat!
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Powhatan Indians Chief Powhatan was the leader of the Powhatan
Indians and Pocahontass father. The English and Powhatans were
friendly with each other for a while. John Smith claimed that he
was captured by the Powhatans and that Pocahontas saved his life,
this story has never been proven to be true. John Smith DID NOT
marry Pocahontas!
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Starving Time In 1609, John Smith went back to England. Without
him there to lead the colonists people quit working and began dying
from hunger, this is why it was called the Starving Time. Just when
the Jamestown colony was nearly abandoned more settlers along with
a new leader, Lord De La Ware, arrived from England. Under De La
Wares leadership the Jamestown colony was saved and became the 1 st
permanent English Settlement in North America.
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Tobacco Tobacco is native to America and became popular in
England in the 1600s. John Rolfe planted tobacco in Virginia in
1612 and it soon became the cash crop of Virginia. King James did
not approve of tobacco because he said it was hateful to the nose,
harmful to the brain, and dangerous to the lungs. But he enjoyed
the profit he was making off of it. Indentured servants and slaves
were put to work growing and harvesting tobacco.
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Self-Government in Virginia The leaders of the Virginia Company
which owned the colony said that the colonists should have a
government that benefited the people of the colony. On July 30,
1619, the first law making assembly in an English colony met. It
was called the House of Burgesses, which helped start the tradition
of self-government in the English colonies.