City of Pigeon Forge Fire Department Division of Training and Continuing Education Chapter 5 Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives All presentation sources are used in accordance with the Multimedia Fair Use Guidelines and are not for copying and pasting by other users.
Chapter 5 Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives All presentation sources are used in accordance with the Multimedia Fair Use Guidelines and are not for copying and pasting by other users. Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives . Isolation One of the primary strategic goals - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Chapter 5
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
All presentation sources are used in accordance with the Multimedia Fair Use
Guidelines and are not for copying and pasting by other users.
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Isolation– One of the primary strategic goals• Physically securing and maintaining the
emergency scene by establishing perimeters• Denying entry• Evacuation or protection in place
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Isolation– Isolation perimeter• Outer perimeter
– Boundary established to prevent access by the public– Established even before the material is positively
identified
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Isolation– Initial Isolation Distance and Initial Isolation
Zone• A distance within which all persons should be
considered for evacuation in all directions• Circular zone defined by the ERG
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Isolation– Initial Isolation Distance and Initial Isolation
Zone• A distance within which all persons should be
considered for evacuation in all directions• Circular zone defined by the ERG
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Isolation– Protective Action Zone• Area immediately adjacent to and downwind
from the initial isolation zone– Imminent danger within 30 minutes
Protective Action Zone
Initial Isolation Zone
Spill
1/2 Downwind Distance
1/2 Downwind Distance
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Isolation– Hazard Control Zones• Hot
– Exclusion• Warm
– Contamination Reduction• Cold
– Support
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Protection– The overall goal of ensuring the safety of
responders • Use and wear appropriate PPE• Use decontamination procedures• Provide emergency medical care• Conduct preentry medical monitoring • Conduct safety assessments
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Protection– Rescue• Difficult strategy to implement for first responders
to take– Fight the urge
» Never rush to conduct a rescue without proper PPE, planning, and coordination
• Decision made by the IC
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Protection– Awareness – Level Actions• Direct people to a safe area of refuge • Instruct victims to move to an area that is less
dangerous• Direct contaminated or potentially contaminated
victims to an isolation point– Decon area
• Give directions to a large number of people for mass decontamination
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Protection– Operational – Level Actions• Conduct searches during reconnaissance or
defensive activities • Conduct searches on the edge of the hot zone• Direct victims to the decontamination area• Assist with decontamination• Assist with the identification of victims • Give instructions to a large number of people for
a mass decontamination
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Protection– Operational – Level Actions• Conduct searches during reconnaissance or
defensive activities • Conduct searches on the edge of the hot zone• Direct victims to the decontamination area• Assist with decontamination• Assist with the identification of victims • Give instructions to a large number of people for
a mass decontamination
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Protection– Exposure Protection• People
– Most important exposure consideration– Isolation zones
• Protecting the environment– Diking a storm drain
• Protecting property – Not yet involved but threatened– Vapor suppression with a hose line
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Spill Control / Confinement– Confinement Tactics• Shovels
– Building earthen dams• Salvage covers
– Making catch basins• Charged hoselines
– Creating diversion channels
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Spill Control / Confinement– Confinement Tactics• Operational level
– Expected to take protective actions but not stop the release
– Defensive confinement actions» Absorption» Adsorption» Blanketing / covering» Dam, dike, diversion and retention» Vapor suppression
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Spill Control / Confinement– Confinement Tactics• Absorption
– Physical and/or chemical event occurring during contact between materials that have a attraction for each other
– This results in one material being retained in the other» Sawdust » Clays» Charcoal
– Material becomes contaminated
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Spill Control / Confinement– Confinement Tactics• Adsorption
– Different from absorption in that the molecules of the hazardous material physically adhere to the adsorbent
– Tend to not swell– Organic materials
» Activated charcoal» Carbon
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Spill Control / Confinement– Confinement Tactics• Blanketing / Covering
– Covering the spill to prevent dispersion of materials such as powders or dusts » Tarps» Plastic sheeting» Salvage covers» Foam
– Be careful for interactions between materials
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Spill Control / Confinement– Confinement Tactics• Dike, Dam, Diversion and Retention
– Underflow– Overflow– Construction of curbs– Divert away from drain
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Spill Control / Confinement– Confinement Tactics• Vapor Suppression
– Action taken to reduce the emission of vapors» Firefighting foams
• Finished foam requires two stages– Water is mixed with the foam liquid– Aeration stage
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Fire Control– How foam is generated• Foam appliances
– Must hydraulically match each other » Unsatisfactory foam» No foam
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Fire Control– Specific Foam Concentrates• Regular Protein Foam
– Virtually nonexistent– 3%-6% concentrations– Excellent water retention– High hear resistance
• Fluoroprotein Foam– Combination of protein and synthetic based foam – Excellent for subsurface injection into a tank
» Oleophobic (oil shedding)» 3%-6% concentrations
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Fire Control– Specific Foam Concentrates• Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam (FFFP)
– Foam concentrate based on fluoroprotein foam technology with AFFF concentrate capabilities
– 3%-6% concentrations– Multipurpose
» Polar solvents and hydrocarbon fuels– Storage
» Wide temperature storage ability– Premixable– Subsurface Injection– Plunge into fuel
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Fire Control– Specific Foam Concentrates• Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
– Created by the navy to increase effectiveness of extinguishing liquid fires on aircraft carriers » Project Light Water
– Aqueous Film» Water is drained from the foam blanket» Floats on fuels
– Completely synthetic – 1%, 3%, or 6% concentrations
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Fire Control– Specific Foam Concentrates• Alcohol Resistant AR-AFFF
– Used on polar solvents • High-Expansion Foam
– Special-purpose foam– Low water content
» Concealed spaces» Fixed-extinguishing systems» Class A fire applications
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Fire Control– Specific Foam Concentrates• Emulsifiers
– Mixes with fuel– Renders it non-flammable– Should only be used with fuels that are 1 inch or less in
depth
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Recovery and Termination– Recovery• Returning the incident scene and responders to a
pre-incident level of readiness– Return the operational area to a safe condition– Debrief personnel before they leave the scene– Return equipment and personnel of all involved
agencies to the condition they were in before the incident» On-Scene Recovery» On-Scene Debriefing» Operational Recovery
City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n
Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives
• Recovery and Termination– Termination• Involves two procedural actions