Chapter 5-Section 5. A legislative group whose purpose was to advise the king. Originally started as the nobility Gained protection with the signing.

PARLIAMENT LIMITS THE ENGLISH MONARCHY

Chapter 5-Section 5

REMINDER: PARLIAMENT

A legislative group whose purpose was to advise the king.

Originally started as the nobility

Gained protection with the signing of the Magna Carta

Still exists today and served as a model of our bicameral Congress

ENGLISH ROYALTY: SUCCESSION

Henry VIII> Edward>Mary> Elizabeth I (Anglican

Church) Elizabeth left no heir,

so James, King of Scotland became king of England (cousin)

Quarreled with Parliament over taxes and purifying Anglican Church

CHARLES I FIGHTS PARLIAMENT

James’ son Charles takes power

Charles needed lots of $ because he was at war with Spain and France

Parliament refused to raise taxes

He disbanded (fired) Parliament.

HE REALLY NEEDED THE MONEY…

So he reinstates Parliament again

They refuse to do anything unless he agrees to Petition of Right:

No imprisoning of subjects without due cause (good reason)

No levying (creating) taxes without Parliament’s consent

No housing soldiers in private homes

No imposing martial law in peacetime (strict rules)

This set forth the idea that law was higher than the king.

THE DOWNFALL OF CHARLES: ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

Charles continues to battle with Parliament

He also offends Scots and Anglicans

Scots threaten to invade England-Charles needs more $$$$

Charles is forced to flee to northern England=English Civil War now starts

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

Supporters of Charles=Cavaliers

Supporters of Puritans/Parliament= Roundheads

Oliver Cromwell=Leader of the Roundheads

Cromwell captures the king and executes him

1st time a monarch faced a public trial and execution…

BEHEADING OF CHARLES I

BEHEADING OF CHARLES I

NOT MUCH BETTER THAN CHARLES… Cromwell abolished

the monarchy and the House of Lords (part of Parliament) and sent the rest of Parliament home.

A constitution is created but Cromwell tears it up

Rules as a military dictator (different how?)

CROMWELL STICKS IT TO THE IRISH

He sends troops to Ireland to put down a revolt

Ireland had been under English domination since the 1100’s

Fighting, plague, and famine killed hundreds of thousands of Irish

RESTORATION AND REVOLUTION

Cromwell strictly controlled society Promoted Puritan

morality (very strict)Abolished:

Dancing----------------------

Theater Sporting events Catholicism

RESTORATION AND REVOLUTION

Cromwell dies Parliament is

reinstated Charles II (son of

Charles I) becomes king

This is the RESTORATION of the monarchy

WHAT IS HABEAS CORPUS?

During Charles II reign, Parliament creates an important guarantee of freedom

Habeas Corpus (to have the body)

This law gave every prisoner the right to be brought before a judge who would decide if the person should be tried or set free.

This protected people from being imprisoned by the king for no good reason (opposing him)

It also prohibited being imprisoned indefinitely (forever) without a trial

This would become an important part of our American judicial system

CHARLES II DIES, JAMES II BECOMES KING James II is a

Catholic (not very popular in England)

Appoints Catholics to high office (not very popular)

Parliament is dissolved when they protest

People become afraid of a line of Catholic kings

THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

Seven Parliament members “invite” Mary, James’ oldest daughter and wife of king of the Netherlands, to become Queen of England for the sake of Protestantism

William leads army to London, James flees=Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution

NEW ATTITUDES ABOUT ABSOLUTISM Wm. And Mary agree

to rule WITH Parliament

Now England was an CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

Laws would limit the monarch’s power

They create a Bill of Rights to set down limits

BILL OF RIGHTS

No suspending of Parliament’s laws No levying (creating) taxes without

permission from Parliament No interfering with freedom of speech in

Parliament No penalty for a citizen who petitions the

king about grievances (complaints) Now no king could rule without consent

of Parliament

DISCONNECT BETWEEN KING AND PARLIAMENT

Sometimes, the king and Parliament would not agree

The king would have advisors, or cabinet positions, to serve as go-between

These cabinet members slowly assumed more governing power and today, the English government is run by a prime minister (#1 cabinet job)

British Prime Minister David Cameron