Chapter 5 Section 3 Notes I. Pericles’ Three goals for Athens.

Chapter 5 Section 3 Notes

I. Pericles’ Three goals for Athens

A. Golden Age 480 BC – 430 BC

B. First Goal was to strengthen

Athenian democracy

Voting Stones

1. Increased the number of paid public officials

a. More money for average more

people involved in government

2. Direct Democracy a form of government in which citizen

rule directly.

3. In Athens, male citizens established important

governmentpolicies.

4. Pericles used money for treasury to build the largest navy for trade and

protection.

5. Pericles bought gold, ivory and

marble to beautify Athens

a. Parthenon built to honor Athena

II. Greek Styles in art

A. Proportion and balance Classical

Art

B. Phidias was the sculptor of the

statue of Athena in the Parthenon

C. Figures that were graceful,

strong and perfectly formed.

III. Greek Drama

A. Invented Drama in the West

B. Civic Pride and tribute to the gods

C. Tragedy

1. These included love, hate, war and

betrayal

2. Hero had a tragic flaw

a. Error of judgment or

personality defect

3. Three notable dramatists

a. Aeschylus wrote The Oresteria about

the family of Agamemnon

Aeschylus                                         

525 BC - 456 BC

b. Euripides wrote the play Medea

featured sympathetic portrayals of

women

Euripides

    484?-406

BC

c. Sophocles wrote Oedipus Rex

d. Thespius was the inventor of the

play

1. Thespians

4. Comedy included slapstick

situations and crude humor

a. Inventors of satire making fun

of customs, politicsand respected

people of the time

b. Aristophanes was one of the best

known comics

448?-385? BC

IV. Spartans and Athenians go to

War

A. Sparta declared war against Athens

in 431 B.C.

Sparta

B. Wars between Sparta and Athens became known as the Peloponnesian

Wars

C. Peloponnesian Wars lasted for 27

years

D. Thucydides wrote The History

of the Peloponnesian

Wars

Thucydides(about 460 -404 BC)

V. Philosophers Search for Truth

A. Philosophers means “Lovers of

Wisdom”

B. Two parts to Greek Philosophy

1. The Universe is put together in an

orderly way

2. People can understand these

laws through logic and reason

C. The sophists were teachers that

questioned everything

1. Unpopular

D. The three main philosophers

1. Socrates 469 B.C.- 399 B.C.

          (427 BC -347 BC

a. Major question Know Thyself

b. Placed on trial for corrupting the

youth

2. Plato 427 B.C. –347 B.C. was the

student of Socrates

about 427-347 B.C.)

a. Plato wrote the book The Republic

1. About the Ideal society

3. Aristotle 384 B.C. 322 B.C.

a. Invented a method arguing according to the

rules of logic

b. Wrote the book Politics

1. About best governments