Chapter 5
Dec 21, 2015
Chapter 5
Question
• In the years immediately after a fire, a forest will experience…
Answer
• Secondary Succession
Question
• Which of the following best describes a successful individual in evolutionary terms?
A. A successful individual possesses traits that are different from the traits of the rest of the population.
B. A successful individual produces many offspring that possess unique traits.
C. A successful individual is well adapted to its environment and produces offspring that survive to pass on genes.
D. A successful individual will be well adapted to its environment and produce a few high quality offspring.
Answer
• C – A successful individual is well adapted to its environment and produces offspring that survive to pass on genes
Question
• An interaction in which an individual of one species kills and consumes an individual of another is called…
Answer
• Predation
Question
• In the Western United States, at the southern edge of their range, moose are sometimes so severely infested with ticks that they die. The tick/moose relationship is best described as…
Answer
• parasitic
Question
• A beehive depends on pollen from flowers to survive. Flowers depend on bees to pollinate them. Humans tend bee hives, offering the bees a place to live in exchange for some of their honey. The relationship among these three sets of organisms is…
Answer
• Mutualism
Question
• The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem in which deer eat grass and coyotes eat deer is…
Answer
• The sun
Question
• In a food web that consists of grass, mice, deer, coyotes, and hawks, which species is likely to have the greatest biomass?
Answer
• grass
Question
• A niche restricted by competition is a _______ niche.
Answer
• realized
Question
• In the history of the world, how many mass extinctions have occurred?
Answer
• 5
Question
• A deer browsing on shrubs is an example of…
Answer
• Herbivory
Question
• The first level of all food pyramids consists of …
Answer
• Primary producers
Question
• A species with a restricted tolerance for environmental conditions is a ….
Answer
• Specialist
Question
• A landslide causes part of a mountainside to fall away, leaving bare rock. In the years immediately following the landslide, the area will experience _____ succession.
Answer
• Primary succession
Question
• If these are present in a new environment, a species is unlikely to become invasive (3).
Answer
• Predators, parasites, and competitors
Question
• In Madagascar, several species of lemur eat bamboo, but each species specializes in one part of the bamboo – one species eats mature bamboo stalks, one species eats bamboo shoots, and one species eats leaves. This is an example of…
Answer
• Resource partitioning
Question
• In the previous question, one lemur species eats only bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots contain high levels of cyanide, a toxic chemical. This lemur species has developed a tolerance for a certain amount of cyanide. What do you think will happen over time?
Answer
• The level of cyanide in the bamboo population will increase
Question
• When energy is transferred between trophic levels, the amount of available energy lost is about…
Answer
• 90%
Question
• Humans are generally ______vores
Answer
• Omnivores
Question
• Any being that uses sun’s energy to create sugars is a …
Answer
• Primary producer
Question
• Two populations of deer species are separated when a glacier forms. After the glacier melts, the two populations have become different species. This is and example of allopatric _________.
Answer
• Speciation
Question
• Communities that are powered by the sun depend on ________ for their energy. (The answer is not primary producers)
Answer
• photosynthesis
Question
• Animals gathering around a water hole in a drought prone area and establishing hierarchies of access to the water is an example of ________.
Answer
• Competition
Question
• You have many species of bacteria living in your gut that help you with digestion. This relationship is best defined as …
Answer
• Commensalism/Mutualism
Question
• An _____ species is a species that has been introduced to a new area and lacks limiting factors.
Answer
• Invasive
Question
• True or False: A nation where most of the people eat primarily vegetarian diet will be able to support a lower population than it would if the people ate a lot of meat.
Answer
• False
Question
• The twenty varieties of heirloom tomatoes available at your local farmer’s market are the result of …
Answer
• Artificial selection
Question
• _______________ is an interaction in which an animal eats a plant.
Answer
• Herbivory
Question
• An organism’s ______ describes its use of resources and functional role in a community.
Answer
• Niche
Question
• ______ is an accidental change in DNA
Answer
• mutation
Question
• ______ consume nonliving organic matter including leaf litter, waste products, and the dead bodies of other communities.
Answer
• detritivores
Question
• _____ is a close, long-term association between two organisms.
Answer
• Symbiosis
Question
• ____ is the process by which bacteria use energy stored in bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water to sugars.
Answer
• Chemosynthesis
Question
• A species that has a strong and wide-ranging impact on a community is a _________ species.
Answer
• Keystone
Question
• ____ break down nonliving matter into simpler parts that can be taken up and reused by primary producers
Answer
• decomposer