CHAPTER 5 LESSONS 1 & 2 Heat Transfer & Water in the Atmosphere.

CHAPTER 5 LESSONS 1 & 2

Heat Transfer & Water in the Atmosphere

HOW IS EARTH A SYSTEM?

Earth is a system made up of different parts.

An example of different parts working together in a system on Earth is a Thunderstorm.

The atmosphere is the envelope of gases that surrounds the planet.

The hydrosphere is made up of all the water on earth.

HOW IS EARTH A SYSTEM?

The atmosphere and hydrosphere constantly interact.

Energy from the sun warms both the gases in the atmosphere and the water in the hydrosphere. Water evaporates from Earth’s surface and forms water vapor in the atmosphere.

The condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place is called weather.

HOW IS TEMPERATURE MEASURED?

Temperature measures the average energy of motion of the particles in a substance.

Thermal energy measures the total energy of motion in the particles of a substance.

Air temperature is usually measured with a thermometer.

A thermometer is a device that measures temperature.

HOW IS TEMPERATURE MEASURED?

Temperature is measured in units called degrees.

Two temperature scales are the Celsius Scale and the Fahrenheit scale.

On the Celsius scale at sea level , the freezing point of water is 0 degrees Celsius, while the boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius.

On the Fahrenheit scale at sea level, the freezing point of water is 32 degrees Fahrenheit and the boiling point is 212 degrees Fahrenheit.

HOW IS TEMPERATURE MEASURED?

HOW IS HEAT TRANSFERRED?

Heat is thermal energy that is transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one. Heat is transferred in three ways: convection, conduction, and radiation.

1) The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid is called convection.

2) The transfer of heat between two substances that are in direct contact is called conduction.

3) Radiation is the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

HOW IS HEAT TRANSFERRED?

Radiation, conduction, and convection work together to heat the troposphere.

The troposphere is the lowest layer in Earth’s atmosphere.

The upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cool air form convection currents.

Heat is transferred mostly by convection within the troposphere.

HOW DOES WATER MOVE THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE?

Earth has its own built-in water recycling system: the water cycle. The water cycle is the continuous process by which water moves

from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back again. This cycle is driven by energy from the sun and by gravity. In the water cycle, water moves between land, living

things, bodies of water on Earth’s surface, and the atmosphere.

HOW DOES WATER MOVE THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE?

Water Evaporates: Evaporation is the process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gaseous state. Plants draw in water from the soil through their roots. Eventually the water is given off through the leaves as water vapor in a process called transpiration.

Condensation Forms Clouds: Warm air can carry the water molecule upward. Air tends to become colder as it rises. Water vapor condenses more easily at lower temperatures, so some water vapor cools and condenses in to liquid water.

HOW DOES WATER MOVE THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE?

Water Falls as Precipitation: As more water vapor condenses, the water droplets grow larger. Eventually they become so heavy that they fall back to earth. Water that falls to Earth as rain, snow, hail or sleet is called precipitation.

Weather and the Water Cycle: One reason the water cycle is so important is because it helps determine weather patterns and climate.

HOW DOES WATER MOVE THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE?