Chapter 5 IT Infrastructure.ppt

PowerPoint Presentation*
Chapter 4 IT Infrastructure: Hardware and Software
What are the components of IT infrastructure?
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What are the most important contemporary hardware and software trends?
What are the principal issues in managing hardware and software technology?
STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES (Continued)
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Problem: Large, complicated infrastructure was difficult to manage, storage needs increased quickly.
Solutions: Use IBM storage technology to reduce infrastructure spending and conserve space.
Essentials of Business Information Systems
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University of Pittsburgh Medical Center’s Technology Cure
IBM System p5 595 servers and VMware helped UPMC increase server utilization rates and decrease storage space.
Demonstrates IT’s role in standardizing technology and managing infrastructure.
Illustrates digital technology’s role cutting costs and increasing resource utilization rates.
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IT infrastructure: Provides platform for supporting all information systems in the business
Computer hardware
Computer software
Networking and telecommunications technology
Infrastructure Components
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Figure 4-1
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Computers come in different sizes with varying capabilities for processing information
FLOPS (Floating point operations per second)
PDAs, handheld mobile devices
Types of Computers
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Provide hardware platform for e-commerce
Mainframes
Large-capacity, high-performance computer that can process large amounts of data very rapidly
E.g. used by airlines for thousands of reservations per second
Types of Computers
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Supercomputer
More sophisticated computer used for tasks requiring extremely rapid and complex calculations with thousands of variables, millions of measurements
Used in engineering, scientific simulations, military/weapons research, weather forecasting
Grid computing
Power of geographically remote computers connected into single network to act as “virtual supercomputer”
Types of Computers
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Clients: User point of entry
Servers: Store and process shared data and perform network management activities
Types of Computers
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Multitiered client/server architecture (N-tier)
E.g. Web servers and application servers
Types of Computers
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Figure 4-2
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IT Infrastructure: Computer Hardware
Figure 4-3
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Primary secondary storage technologies
RAID: Can package hundreds of drives for massage storage requirements
Optical disks
Storage networking: SANs
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Figure 4-4
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Input devices:
Keyboard
Output devices:
Monitor
Printer
Audio output
Information systems collect and process information in one of two ways
Batch processing: Transactions stored for predefined amount of time, then processed as group
Online processing: Transactions processed immediately
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Integration of computing and telecommunications platforms
Cell phones merging with handhelds
Growth of Internet telephony
Nanotechnology
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Figure 4-5
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Edge computing
Multitier, load-balancing scheme for Web-based applications
Significant parts of Web site content, logic, and processing performed by smaller, less expensive servers located nearby the user
Increases response time and resilience and lowers technology costs.
Autonomic computing
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Figure 4-6
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Virtualization
Process of presenting a set of computing resources so they can be accessed in ways that are unrestricted by physical configuration or geographic location
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Multicore processors
Enhanced performance, reduced power consumption and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks
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Read the Interactive Session and then discuss the following questions:
What business and social problems does data center power consumption cause?
What solutions are available for these problems? Which are the most environment-friendly?
What are the business benefits and costs of these solutions?
Should all firms move toward green computing? Why or why not?
Interactive Session: Technology
Computing Goes Green
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The software that manages and controls the computer’s activities
PC operating systems and graphical user interfaces
GUIs
UNIX
Linux
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IT Infrastructure: Computer Software
Figure 4-7
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Application programming languages for business
COBOL
Fourth-generation languages
Tend to be nonprocedural, may use natural languages
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Tool
Description
Example
WordPerfect Microsoft Access
SQL
Crystal Reports
Graphics language
SAS Graph Systat
FOCUS Microsoft FrontPage
Application software package
Oracle PeopleSoft HCM mySAP ERP
Very high-level programming language
APL Nomad2
Word processing software
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Figure 4-8
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AJAX
Allows a client and server to exchange data behind the scenes to avoid reloading a Web page after each change
Hypertext markup language (HTML)
Page description language for specifying how elements are placed on a Web page and for creating links to other pages and objects
Software for the Web: Java, AJAX, and HTML
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Read the Interactive Session and then discuss the following questions:
What are the benefits of using Google Apps? What kinds of businesses are most likely to benefit? What kinds are least likely to benefit?
What reasons might a business have to continue using Microsoft Office for desktop productivity?
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Software components that exchange information with each other using universal Web communication standards and languages
XML (extensible markup language)
UDDI (universal description, discovery, and integration)
Service oriented architecture (SOA)
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Figure 4-9
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Capacity planning
Process of predicting when hardware system becomes saturated
Ensuring firm has enough computing power for current and future needs
Factors include:
Performance measures
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Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model
Used to analyze direct and indirect costs to help determine the actual cost of owning a specific technology
Direct costs: Hardware, software purchase costs
Indirect costs: Ongoing administration costs, upgrades, maintenance, technical support, training, utility and real estate costs
Hidden costs: Support staff, downtime, additional network management
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Using technology service providers
Manage IT infrastructures
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Using technology service providers
On-demand computing (utility computing)
Firms off-loading peak demand for computing power to remote, large-scale data processing centers
Software as a Service (SaaS)
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Managing software localization for global business
Local language interfaces
English not typically standard at middle, lower levels
Interfaces are complex: Menu bars, error messages, online forms, search results, etc.
Differences in local cultures
Differences in business processes
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Managing Hardware and Software Technology
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Chapter 5 IT Infrastructure.ppt

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