Chapter 5 Gp 7, 8 and 9

8/9/2019 Chapter 5 Gp 7, 8 and 9

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Chapter 5 gp 7, 8 and 9

Psych 30

8/9/2019 Chapter 5 Gp 7, 8 and 9


7. How does social interaction

with adults advance cognitivecompetence?

'Guided participation'refers to the coordinationand communicationbetween persons as theyco-participate in culturallyvalued activities. The'guidance' in guided

participation includesinfluence of cultural andsocial values, as well asimitation of moreexperienced social

partners

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The 'participation'

refers to both hands-on involvement of an

activity and to

observation of both

one's self and theother.

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In guided participation bothactors are active; the learningis more by doing than bytelling or being told. Guidedparticipation emphasizes theimportance of activity,engagement, observation, and

joint-action. So Guidedparticipation is when the adultparticipates in a child¶s activityin a way that strengthens thechild¶s understanding.

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8. How do babies develop

language? Language is a crucial area of cognitive development ± thecomponents that areimportant in languagedevelopment are

maturation of the physicalstructures necessary toproduce sounds

the neural connectionsnecessary to associate

sounds and meanings mustbe in place

social interactions withadults to promote literacy.

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8. How do babies develop

language? See sequence on page 164 table 5-4

Crying

Babling

Imitation of sounds

Gesture

Holophase use of a single word to express a complex idea As an example, the word "food"

might be used to mean "Give me food" and the word "up" could convey "Pick me up".

Combined with body language context, and tone of voice, holophrasis is usually sufficient to

express a child's needs. Indeed, it is based almost entirely on context.

First Sentences (telegraphic speech) simple two-word, noun-verb sentences that adhere to

the grammatical standards of the culture's language. Example ³Want juice´ My truck´ deletes

functional words such as ³is´ and ³the´

Syntax Btw 20-30 months children start applying rules of grammar ± using tenses, plurals ,

ings, prepositions, articles etc.

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Continued

18 to 23

months

y correctly pronounces most vowels and n, m, p, h,

especially in the beginning of syllables and short words-

also begins to use other speech sounds.y vocabulary of 50 words, pronunciation is often unclear

y asks for common foods by name

y makes animal sounds such as "moo"

y

starting to combine words such as "more milk"y begins to use pronouns such as "mine"

y uses two word phrases

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continued

2 to 3

yearsy knows some spatial concepts such as "in," "on"

y knows pronouns such as "you," "me," "her"

y knows descriptive words such as "big," "happy"

y

vocabulary of 250 to 900 wordsy uses three word sentences

y speech is becoming more accurate but may still leave off

ending sounds- strangers may not be able to understand

much of what is said

y

answers simple questionsy begins to use more pronouns such as "you," "I"

y fuses questions inflection to ask for something such as

"my ball?"

y begins to use plurals such as "shoes" or "socks" and

regular past tense verbs such as "jumped"

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continued3 to 4

years

y groups objects such as foods, clothes, etc.

y identifies colors

y uses most speech sounds but may distort some of the more

difficult sounds such asl , r, s, sh, ch, y, v, z, th- these soundsmay not be fully mastered until age 7 or 8

y uses consonants in the beginning, middle, and ends of

words- some of the more difficult consonants may be

distorted, but attempts to say them

y

strangers are able to understand much of what is saidy able to describe the use of objects such as "fork," "car," etc.

y has fun with language- enjoys poems and recognizes

language absurdities such as, "is that an elephant on your

head?"

y

expresses ideas and feelings rather than just talking aboutthe world around him/her

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9. What influences contribute to

the linguistic process? Maturation of the

brain

The regions of the

brain most closelyassociated with

language do not

fully mature until

late preschool years

and some parts not

until adulthood.

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the linguistic process? The brainstem andpons ± control cries of new baby. (Remember this is a primitive part

of the brain ± earliest todevelop)

The motor cortexcontrols movement of the face and larynx (

muscle movementwhich must becoordinated for speechto occur)

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the linguistic process? Language is a social

interaction ± adults

help children learn

to speak by adding vocabulary

words

parroting andadding modifiers to

the child¶s words

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the linguistic process? using Child DirectedSpeech

Child Directed speechis a pattern of speech

which includes

Simplified words

High pitched voice

Much repetition

Emphasize on vowelsounds

End of ch 5 good luckon test

Chapter 5 Gp 7, 8 and 9

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