Chapter 5 Gases - EIP BIOLOGY · 2018. 11. 5. · Title: Chapter 5 Gases Author: BIO_LAB_EIP Created Date: 11/5/2018 3:32:33 PM

Plant Tissues

Sequestering Carbon in Forests

• Human activities are increasing the amount of CO2 in the

atmosphere exponentially, with potentially catastrophic effects

on Earth’s climate

• Plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere by photosynthesis

and sequester it in their tissues

• Carbon locked in molecules of wood and other durable plant

tissues can stay out of the atmosphere for centuries

Wood

• Carbon is a major part

of cellulose and lignin

that reinforce

specialized cells and

structures that allow a

woody plant to grow tall

Organization of the Plant Body

• Most flowering plants have aboveground shoots, including

stems, leaves, and flowers

• Most kinds also have below-ground roots

• Monocots and eudicots differ in tissue organization

The Basic Body Plan

• Pipelines inside stems conduct water, nutrients, and

photosynthetically produced sugars between leaves and roots

• Roots absorb water and dissolved minerals, and usually serve

to anchor the plant; some plants have specialized root cells

that store carbohydrates

Three Plant Tissue Systems

• Ground tissue system

• Makes up the bulk of the plant body

• Stores materials, functions in photosynthesis, and

structurally supports the plant

• Vascular tissue system

• Tubes distribute water and nutrients through a plant body

• Dermal tissue system

• Covers and protects the plant body

• Includes simple and complex tissues

Body Plan of a Tomato Plant

• Vascular tissues

conduct water and

solutes

• Ground tissues make

up the plant body

• Dermal tissue covers

root and shoot surfaces

Fig. 25.2, p. 398

lateral root

stem

withered seed leaf (cotyledon)

seeds

in fruit

flowerdermal tissues

vascular tissues

ground tissues

shootsroots

node

root tip

primary root

lateral bud

shoot tip (terminal bud)

leaf

Body Plan

of a Tomato

Plant

Eudicots Versus Monocots

Tissues and other characteristics are organized differently in

monocots and eudicots:

• Seeds

• Flowers

• Leaves

• Pollen

• Vascular Bundles

Eudicots Versus Monocots

• Monocots and eudicots are named after their cotyledons

• The primary leaf in the embryo or the “seed leaf”

• They may become the first leaves of a seedling

Fig. 25.4a.1, p. 399

In seeds, two cotyledons

(seed leaves of embryo)

A EudicotsEudicot and

Monocot

Cotyledons

Fig. 25.4b.1, p. 399

B MonocotsEudicot and

Monocot

Cotyledons

In seeds, one cotyledon

(seed leaf of embryo)

Cotyledons

Fig. 25.4a.2, p. 399

Flower parts in fours or fives

(or multiples of four or five)

Eudicot Flowers

Fig. 25.4b.2, p. 399

Flower parts in threes

(or multiples of three)

Monocot Flowers

Eudicot and Monocot Flowers

Fig. 25.4a.3, p. 399

Leaf veins usually forming

a netlike array

Eudicot Leaves

Fig. 25.4b.3, p. 399

Leaf veins usually running

parallel with one another

Monocot Leaves

Eudicot and Monocot Leaves

Fig. 25.4a.4, p. 399

Pollen grains with three

pores or furrows

Eudicot Pollen

Fig. 25.4b.4, p. 399

Pollen grains with one

pore or furrow

Monocot Pollen

Eudicot and Monocot Pollen

Fig. 25.4a.5, p. 399

Vascular bundles

organized in a ring in

ground tissue of stem

Eudicot

Vascular

Bundles

Fig. 25.4b.5, p. 399

Vascular bundles

throughout ground

tissue of stem

Monocot

Vascular

Bundles

Vascular Bundles

Root Systems

Eudicots have a

taproot system.

A main root exists

with branching

subsidiary roots

Main root

Root Systems

Monocots have a

Fibrous root system.

There is no main root.

Root Systems