Chapter 5 Entrepreneurial Creativity and Innovation

8/9/2019 Chapter 5 Entrepreneurial Creativity and Innovation

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All Rights ReservedFundamentals of Entrepreneurship Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1 1


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CHAPTER 5

ENTREPRENEURIALCREATIIT! AN" INN#ATI#N


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#$%e&tives

The oje!"#$e% of "h#% !ha&"er are "o'

&ro$#de %"den"% #"h a e""er nder%"and#n* of "he #%%e% on

!rea"#$#"+ and #nno$a"#on e%&e!#a+ "ho%e "ha" are rea"ed "o

en"re&rener%h#&.

&ro$#de %"den"% #"h !rea"#$#"+ "e!hn#e% "ha" !an e a&ed

#n "he#r !or%e or%


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Learning #ut&omes

At the end of this &hapter' students should $e a$le to'

e /ore o&en /#nded and read+ "o a!!e&" ne #dea%

*a#n an nder%"and#n* of #%%e% on !rea"#$#"+, #nno$a"#on and

earn "o a&&+ !rea"#$#"+ "e!hn#e%


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All Rights ReservedFundamentals of Entrepreneurship Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1

5e"er 6r!er (198) ha% %"a"ed "ha", nno$a"#on #% "he %&e!#f#!

"oo of en"re&rener%, "he /ean% + h#!h "he+ ex&o#" !han*e a%

an o&&or"n#"+ for a d#fferen" %#ne%% or %er$#!e.

!!ord#n* "o ra"o (2009), !rea"#$#"+ #% a &ro!e%% "ha" !an e

de$eo&ed and #/&ro$ed. :$er+one #% !rea"#$e "o %o/e de*ree,%o/e #nd#$#da% ha$e a *rea"er a&"#"de for !rea"#$#"+ "han o"her%.

S!ha&er and ;oer+ (2007) %"a"ed "ha" !rea"#$#"+ #% "he &ro!e%%

"hro*h h#!h #n$en"#on o!!r%, "he ena#n* &ro!e%% + h#!h

%o/e"h#n* ne !o/e% #n"o ex#%"en!e.

Baron and Shane (2008) def#ne !rea"#$#"+ a% a &rod!"#on of #dea%

for %o/e"h#n* ne "ha" #% a%o &o"en"#a+ %ef.

Entrepreneurial Creativit( and

Innovation )&ont*+


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Innovation )&ont*+


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Components #f Creativit(Creative Thin,ing -,ills

refer% "o ho a &er%on #den"#f#e% a &roe/ and %ee% #"%%o"#on"he !a&a!#"+ and a##"+ "o &" ex#%"#n* #dea% and

noed*e "o*e"her "o ex&ore ne &o%%###"#e%. an en"re&rener #den"#f#e% o&&or"n#"#e% a%ed on /are"

de/and, de$eo&% a ne &rod!" !on!e&", for/a"e% a%#ne%% %"ra"e*+ and /o##=e% "he re#red re%or!e% "onder"ae "he &roje!".

"h#% re#re% a o" of !rea"#$e "h#n#n*, re%or!efne%% andexe!"#on(#/&e/en"a"#on) %#% a% #" #% ao" e#n* !rea"#$e a"f#nd#n* "he r#*h" !on!e&", for/a, %"ra"e*+, &rod!"%, e"!. "o/ae "he &ro&o%a &ra!"#!a, affordae, $#ae and a!!e&"ae"o "he !%"o/er% and $ar#o% %"aehoder%.


Innovation )&ont*+


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.no/ledge

:x&er"#%e or noed*e en!o/&a%%e% e$er+"h#n* a &er%on

no% and !an do!an e a!#red #n d#fferen" a+%' for/a

and #nfor/a ed!a"#oned!a"#on and "ra#n#n* are /ajor

fa!"or% "ha" d#%"#n*#%h "he fonder% of "e!hn#!a $en"re% fro/o"her "+&e% of en"re&rener%.

n order "o e !rea"#$e, a &er%on %hod ha$e an adea"e

e$e of noed*e and %#% #n "he area of h#% #n"ere%" a%

%&e!#a#=ed noed*e !an enae a &er%on "o fo!% on h#%

%&e!#f#! area of #n"ere%"%hod a%o ha$e road *enera

noed*e "o enae h#/ "o "h#n d#$er*en"+ and #n"e*ra"e or

a&&+ o"her "e!hnoo*#e%"ha" ha$e een de$eo&ed #n o"her

f#ed%.


Innovation )&ont*+


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0otivation

>o"#$a"#on de"er/#ne% ha" &eo&e a!"a+ an" and # do.

There are "o "+&e% of /o"#$a"#on' #n"r#n%#! and ex"r#n%#!. n"r#n%#!

/o"#$a"#on #% #n"erna+ dr#$en "hro*h a &er%on #n"ere%", de%#re,

a%ra"#on and &a%%#on. :x"r#n%#! /o"#$a"#on !an e d#$#ded #n"o f#nan!#a and non-f#nan!#a

/o"#$a"#on.

?on-f#nan!#a reard% !an e #n "er/% of !o//en"%, ord% of

en!ora*e/en", a!noed*e/en", &eer &re%%re and

en!ora*e/en" "o &ro/o"e !rea"#$#"+.


Innovation )&ont*+


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E1ample of sour&es for ne/ ideas on%/er%"he feeda! and !o/&a#n"% fro/ !on%/er% #

"r#**er #dea% on ho "o ff# "he need% and an" of "he !%"o/er%. :x#%"#n* &rod!"% and %er$#!e%ex#%"#n* &rod!"% and %er$#!e% #n

"he /are" # *#$e ne #dea% "o en"re&rener% "o fr"her #/&ro$eand &*rade "he#r &rod!"% and %er$#!e% fro/ "#/e "o "#/e.

6#%"r#"#on !hanne%/e/er% of d#%"r#"#on !hanne% are a%oex!een" %or!e% of /are" #nfor/a"#on e!a%e of "he#rfa/##ar#"+ #"h "he need% of "he /are".


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Innovation )&ont*+

Creativit(

Te&hni2ues


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Pro$lem Reversal" oo% a" "he o&&o%#"e of "h#n*%, %ee "h#n*% #n%#de o",

a!ard% or &%#de don.

Th#% "e!hn#e #% a%ed on "he &re/#%e "ha" "he ord #% f of

o&&o%#"e% here "he a!"#on of $#e#n* a &roe/ fro/ an o&&o%#"e

an*eand + a%#n* e%"#on% !an +#ed a aarene%% or

rea#=a"#on of #%%e% "ha" h#"her"o(&re$#o%+) #% no" o$#o% or

no"#!eae.


Innovation )&ont*+


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Pro$lem

Reversal


Innovation )&ont*+


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For&ed Analog(Th#% "e!hn#e "ae% a f#xed ee/en" %!h a% "he &rod!" or %o/e#dea rea"ed "o "he &rod!" and for!e% #" and !o/&are% #" "o "hea""r#"e% of ano"her nrea"ed oje!" or ee/en". " #% a%o !aed

for!ed rea"#on%h#& /ean#n* "he a!"#on of /a#n* an a%%o!#a"#one"een "o n#e "h#n*% #n order "o o"a#n ne #n%#*h"%. There aref#$e %"e&% on &ro!e%%e% for for!ed anao*+'

%oa"e and #%" "he ee/en"% of "he &roe/.

F#nd and e%"a#%h &o%%#e rea"#on%h#&% or !onne!"#on e"een "he

ee/en"%. @e!ord"he rea"#on%h#&% #n an order+ for/.

na+=e"he re%"#n* rea"#on%h#&% "o f#nd ne #dea% or &a""ern%.

6e$eo& ne #dea% fro/ "h#% &a""ern.


Innovation )&ont*+


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A%#n* for!ed anao*+ "o !o/&are ne %"ar"-& %#ne%% #"h a ne

orn a+.


Innovation )&ont*+


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3rainstormingThe ra#n%"or/#n* "er/ a% &o&ar#=ed + ex Fa#!ne+ O%orn

#n 193.

5e"er%, #%r#!h and She&herd (2008) %**e%" "ha" hen %#n*

ra#n%"or/#n*, 4 re% /%" e adhered "o' ?o !r#"#!#%/ #% aoed + an+one #n "he *ro& e%&e!#a+ ne*a"#$e

!o//en"%.

Freehee#n*#% en!ora*ed e!a%e a% "he #dea #% #der, #"

e!o/e% e""er.

Can"#"+ of #dea% #% de%#red. The *rea"er "he n/er of #dea%, "he

*rea"er "he #e#hood of "he e/er*en!e of "he %ef #dea%.

o/#na"#on% and #/&ro$e/en"% of #dea% are en!ora*ed e!a%e

#dea% of o"her% !an e %ed "o &rod!e o"her ne #dea%.


Innovation )&ont*+


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0ind 0apping

>#nd /a&n* "e!hn#e a% de$eo&ed and /ade fa/o% +

Ton+ B=an.

/#nd /a& #% a d#a*ra/ %ed "o re&re%en" ord%, #dea%, "a%%, or

o"her #"e/% #ned "o and arran*ed arond a !en"ra e+ ord or

#dea.

>#nd /a&% are %ed "o *enera"e, $#%a#=e, %"r!"re, and !a%%#f+

#dea%, and a% an a#d "o %"d+#n* and or*an#=#n* #nfor/a"#on, %o$#n*

&roe/%, /a#n* de!#%#on%, and r#"#n*.


Innovation )&ont*+


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The Pro&ess #f

Creativit(


Innovation )&ont*+


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.no/ledge A&&umulation

Th#% &ha%e fo!%e% /ore on "he %"d+ of "he a!*rond for "he

%je!" /a""er h#!h re#re% ex"en%#$e read#n*, d#%!%%#on #"h

ex&er"%, &ra!"#"#oner%, a!ade/#!#an%, re%ear!her% #n "he f#ed,

a""end#n* or%ho&% and %e/#nar%.Th#% ex&ora"#on ex&o%e% and he&% en"re&rener% "o ha$e a e""er

nder%"and#n* on "he %je!" /a""er.


Innovation )&ont*+


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In&u$ation

n "he #n!a"#on %"a*e, an #nd#$#da # #//er%e one%ef +

ao#n* "he %!on%!#o% /#nd "o /%e("h#n) or &onder(!on%#der)

on "he #nfor/a"#on *a"hered.

The #nd#$#da /a+ no" e d#re!"+ #n$o$ed #n "he !rea"#$e "a%.n!a"#on /a+ e #nd!ed + en*a*#n* #n reax#n* a!"#$#"#e%E %!h

a% &a#n"#n*, /ed#"a"#n* or &a+#n* %&or"% or oard *a/e%.

The ra"#onae(a%#%) #% "ha" ne #dea% or ne #n%#*h" of"en e/er*e

hen one #% %+ do#n* %o/e"h#n* nrea"ed "o "he /a""er.


Innovation )&ont*+


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han*e% #n #nd%"r+ or /are" !han*e% "ha" !a*h" e$er+one

naare%"he effe!" of *oa#=a"#on "ha" ha% an #/&a!" on

"he #nd%"r+.

6e/o*ra&h#! !han*e%&o&a"#on !han*e #% one of "he

#nno$a"#on %or!e% #n /ee"#n* !on%/er% need%. han*e% #n &er!e&"#on, /ood and /ean#n*"rend and

#fe%"+e% are a/on* "he %or!e% of #nno$a"#on nder "h#%

%or!e of #nno$a"#on.

?e, %!#en"#f#! and non-%!#en"#f#! noed*enoed*e-a%ed #nno$a"#on #% a%ed on "h#% %or!e #% n#e a% "he

!o/&e"#"or% !od ha$e a hard "#/e "o #/#"a"e "he #nno$a"#on.


Innovation )&ont*+


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Fa&tors Influen&ing

Creativit(


Innovation )&ont*+


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Innovation

nno$a"#on !an e def#ned a% "he &ro!e%% + h#!h en"re&rener%

!on$er" o&&or"n#"#e% (#dea%) #n"o /are"ae %o"#on%.

" #% "he /ean% + h#!h "he+ e!o/e !a"a+%"% for !han*e

(ra"o, 2009). nno$a"#on #% !o//on+ def#ned a% "he #n"rod!"#onof %o/e"h#n* neE or a ne a+ of do#n* %o/e"h#n*E.


Innovation )&ont*+


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!!ord#n* "o #n#!# and ##a/% (2003), #nno$a"#on #%

f#nd#n* a+% "o de#$er ne or e""er *ood% or %er$#!e%.

he (2001) %"a"ed "ha" #nno$a"#on #% a%o dee/ed a% "he

!rea"#on of %o/e"h#n* ne #n "he /are"&a!e "ha" a"er% "he

%&&+de/and ea"#on. 5e"er 6r!er %a#d nno$a"#on #% !han*e "ha" !rea"e% a ne

d#/en%#on of &erfor/an!e.

>an+ %!!e%%f #nno$a"#on% #/&ro$e on an ex#%"#n* &rod!"

"o /ae #" a e""er &rod!" #n "er/% of a#"+, !o%" (&r#!e), or%er$#!e de#$er+.


Innovation )&ont*+


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Innovation )&ont*+


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-our&es of Innovation

5rofe%%or Tho/a% . >a%on %"a"e% "ha" %!!e%%f #nno$a"#on #%

%edo/ "he o"!o/e of a r##an" #dea.

5e"er 6r!er e/&ha%#=ed oo#n* for nex&e!"ed e$en"%, %"d

%#"a"#on%, need% #"h#n !rren" &ro!e%%e% and !han*e% #n #nd%"r+%"r!"re, de/o*ra&h#!% and &er!e&"#on.


Innovation )&ont*+


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The foo#n* are for %or!e% of #nno$a"#on for en"re&rener%.

nex&e!"ed e$en"% or o!!rren!e

ne-noed*e !on!e&"

!han*e% of de/o*ra&h#!% &ro!e%% need%


Innovation )&ont*+

Chapter 5 Entrepreneurial Creativity and Innovation

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