Chapter 5 Database Processing © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke.

Chapter 5

Database Processing

© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke

5-2 © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke

This Could Happen to You

Dee selected Moveable Type application program

Needs database program to store blog– Consultant suggested MySQL– Network standardized on Oracle

May not be able to run Moveable Type Will require revision of labor estimates

– IT resists installing MySQL


Study Questions

What is the purpose of a database? What does a database contain? What is a DBMS, and what does it do? What is a database application? What is the difference between an enterprise

and a personal DBMS? How does the knowledge in this chapter help

Dee?


What Is the Purpose of a Database?

Spreadsheet and database keep track of things

Spreadsheets– Keep lists of single concept

Databases– Keep lists that involve multiple themes


What Is a Database?

Self-describing collection of integrated records Hierarchy of data elements

– Bytes are grouped into columns/fields– Columns grouped into rows/records– Rows are grouped into tables/files

Collection of tables plus relationships among rows – Also includes metadata

Describes structure of database


Relationships Among Records

Values in one table may relate rows to those in other tables

Keys – Column(s) that identify unique row in table– Each table has a key

Foreign keys– Keys in a different table than the one in which they reside

Relational database– Databases using tables, keys, and foreign keys


Example of Relationships Among Rows

Figure 5-6


Metadata

Databases are self-describing– Contain description of its content

Metadata– Data that describes data – Makes databases more useful– Makes databases easier to use


What Is a DBMS and What Does It Do?

Database management system (DBMS)– Program that creates, process, and administers

database– Usually licensed from vendors

Microsoft, Oracle, MySQL, DB2

DBMS and database are two different things


Ethics Guide: Nobody Said I Shouldn’t

Kelly was employed maintaining servers and backing up database– Made copy of database to practice with

Accessed SQL Server metadata Discovered tables with order data, customers,

salespeople Uncovered anomalies: one entry clerk gives a discount

to a buyer that no one else was given

– Mentioned it to clerk– Was terminated for accessing database


DBMS

DBMS used to create tables, relationships in databases

DBMS processes database– Applications use DBMS to read, insert, modify,

and delete data– Structured Query Language (SQL)

International standard for processing database


DBMS, continued

DBMS provides tools to assist in administration of database– Can be used to set up security– Used to back up data– Add structure to improve performance– Remove data


What Is a Database Application?

Collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database

Databases can have more then one application

Applications can have multiple users


MIS in Use: Dealing with Database Growth

Textronix uses Oracle database to store and process financial data

– 800 concurrent users Rapidly growing database caused performance to

decline– One solution is to remove data

Data still needed– Data retention laws compound problems

Sarbanes-Oxley SEC Rule 17-A HIPAA


MIS in Use, continued

Data Archiving– Problem for IS technicians– Must create data archiving policy

Policy must address legal requirements Plan must be created for implementing policy Data about open transactions must not be archived Implement plan before performance problems arise Secure and back up data archive


Forms, Reports, and Queries

Forms– Used to read, insert, modify, and delete data

Reports– Show data in structured context– May compute values

Queries– Means of getting answers from database data


Database Application Programs

Forms, reports, and queries work for standard functions

Application programs – Process logic specific to business need– Enables database processing over Internet

Serves as intermediary between Web server and database

Responds to events Reads. inserts, modifies, deletes data


Multi-User Processing

Common Unique problems

– Lost-update problem– Locking used to coordinate activities of multiple

users Creates new set of problems

– Data conflicts produce inaccurate results


What Is the Difference Between an Enterprise and a Personal DBMS?

Enterprise DBMS– Process large organizational and workgroup databases– Support many users– Examples: DB2, SQL Server, Oracle

Personal DBMS– Designed for smaller, simpler database applications– Supports fewer than 100 users– Examples: Access, dBase, FoxPro, Paradox, R:Base


Opposing Forces Guide: No, Thanks, I’ll Use a Spreadsheet

Databases take time to build Complicated to operate

– May require use of multiple applications

Need IS people to create it and keep it running Will share data that you may not want to expose Spreadsheets may be a better option in some cases


How Does the Knowledge in This Chapter Help Dee?

She would know what a DBMS is and what roles it can play

She would understand the diagram of the role of the DBMS for her blog– System is isolated from rest of databases– Uses MySQL as part of functionality of her

application

Was better able to present her plan to IT


Active Review

What is the purpose of a database? What does a database contain? What is a DBMS, and what does it do? What is a database application? What is the difference between an enterprise

and a personal DBMS? How does the knowledge in this chapter help

Dee?

Chapter 5 Database Processing © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke.

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