Chapter 5 Crisis in the Colonies

Essex Ag. Tech High School - U.SEssex Ag. Tech High School - U.S. I. I

Crisis in the ColoniesCrisis in the Colonies

Chapter 5Chapter 5

pp. 138 - 163pp. 138 - 163


Section 1: The French and Section 1: The French and Indian WayIndian Way

Britain’s victory in the French and Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War marked the end of the Indian War marked the end of the French empire in North AmericaFrench empire in North America


Conflict in the Conflict in the Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

The French feared The French feared the loss of the loss of fur fur tradingtrading in the in the Ohio Ohio ValleyValley to English to English settlers.settlers.

The area was The area was geographicallygeographically important to the important to the French as a link from French as a link from Canada to Canada to settlements along settlements along the Mississippi River. the Mississippi River.


The French and Indian War (1754-1763) (England against France and its (England against France and its

Native American allies)Native American allies)

France allied France allied with the with the Algonquin and Algonquin and HuronHuron tribes. tribes.

French traders French traders built alliances built alliances through through trade trade and marriagesand marriages with Native with Native women.women.

England allied with the England allied with the IroquoisIroquois tribe. tribe.

The Iroquois were The Iroquois were enemiesenemies of the of the Algonquin and Huron Algonquin and Huron tribes.tribes.

England also charged England also charged lowerlower prices for goods prices for goods to to buildbuild allegiances. allegiances.


Washington and the F. and I. Washington and the F. and I. WarWar

Washington was a Washington was a land surveyorland surveyor who attacked the who attacked the French in the Ohio French in the Ohio Valley. (1754)Valley. (1754)

He was eventually He was eventually captured, then captured, then released.released.


Albany Albany Plan of Plan of UnionUnion

During a meeting in During a meeting in Albany, NY, Benjamin Albany, NY, Benjamin Franklin proposed a Franklin proposed a ““general general governmentgovernment” for the ” for the 13 colonies.13 colonies. Make lawsMake laws Collect taxesCollect taxes Plan for defensePlan for defense

The delegates at the The delegates at the meeting approved it, meeting approved it, but each of the colonial but each of the colonial assemblies rejected it assemblies rejected it (the didn’t want to give (the didn’t want to give their individual power).their individual power).


Summary of the F. and I. Summary of the F. and I. WarWar

Britain lost many battles for the first Britain lost many battles for the first two years of the war.two years of the war.

William PittWilliam Pitt then sent his best then sent his best generals to lead the war in 1757.generals to lead the war in 1757.

In 1759, the British led and attack on In 1759, the British led and attack on the New French capital of the New French capital of QuebecQuebec (located on a high cliff called the (located on a high cliff called the Plains of AbrahamPlains of Abraham).).


The Treaty of Paris (1763)The Treaty of Paris (1763) Britain gained Canada and all French Britain gained Canada and all French

lands East of the Mississippi (plus lands East of the Mississippi (plus FloridaFlorida from Spain). from Spain).

France kept two islands in the Gulf of France kept two islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and its St. Lawrence and its sugar-growingsugar-growing islands in the islands in the West IndiesWest Indies..

Spain gained all French lands west of Spain gained all French lands west of the Mississippi including the the Mississippi including the Port of Port of New OrleansNew Orleans..


Section 2: Turmoil over Section 2: Turmoil over TaxesTaxes

Many colonists Many colonists opposed opposed Parliament’sParliament’s attempts to attempts to tighten control tighten control over Britain’s over Britain’s North North American American Empire.Empire.


New Troubles on the New Troubles on the FrontierFrontier

Pontiac’s WarPontiac’s War – an – an Ottawa chief led attacks Ottawa chief led attacks against the British, but against the British, but without without French supportFrench support, , it ended.it ended.

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763 – – prohibited any English prohibited any English settlement settlement westwest of the of the Appalachian MountainsAppalachian Mountains and forced the colonists to and forced the colonists to pay for British troops in pay for British troops in the border area. the border area.


Britain Imposes New TaxesBritain Imposes New Taxes

… … at the colonists’ expense of course.at the colonists’ expense of course.


Two New Tax Policies from British ParliamentTwo New Tax Policies from British Parliament

Sugar Act (1764)Sugar Act (1764) Actually Actually loweredlowered

a very high tax on a very high tax on molasses.molasses.

BUTBUT… it made … it made molasses molasses smugglerssmugglers more more easily brought to easily brought to trial.trial.

Stamp Act (1765)Stamp Act (1765) Placed a new tax on Placed a new tax on all all

legal documentslegal documents (wills, (wills, diplomas, marriage diplomas, marriage papers)papers)

Also taxed most Also taxed most goods goods made of papermade of paper (newspapers, playing (newspapers, playing cards… and dice!)cards… and dice!)

All goods had to have a All goods had to have a legal stamp on it, legal stamp on it, proving you paid the proving you paid the taxtax..


“ “ No taxation without No taxation without representation!”representation!”

Colonists were upset they were not included in Colonists were upset they were not included in these decisions.these decisions.

They participated in They participated in peaceful protestspeaceful protests to have to have the Stamp Act the Stamp Act repealedrepealed (canceled). (canceled).

PetitionPetition – a formal request to the authorities – a formal request to the authorities signed by peoplesigned by people..

BoycottBoycott – – RefuseRefuse to buy certain goods or to buy certain goods or services.services.

Committee of CorrespondenceCommittee of Correspondence – Regular, – Regular, organized organized letter writingletter writing to other colonies, to other colonies, reporting the situation in Massachusetts.reporting the situation in Massachusetts.


The Sons (and Daughters!) of The Sons (and Daughters!) of LibertyLiberty

To protest a tax on household goods and writs of assistance, (Townshend Acts) colonists organized their protests.

Samuel Adams was a famous “Son of Liberty” and was active in organizing protests and boycotts.


The Boston MassacreThe Boston Massacre


March, 5, March, 5, 17701770

A crowd of colonists were A crowd of colonists were heckling British heckling British RegularsRegulars (soldiers) at (soldiers) at the Boston Custom the Boston Custom house.house.

The soldiers were The soldiers were attacked with attacked with ice balls ice balls and oyster shellsand oyster shells..

The soldiers fired into the The soldiers fired into the crowd, killing 5 people.crowd, killing 5 people.

John AdamsJohn Adams was the was the lawyer for the soldiers, lawyer for the soldiers, who successfully who successfully defended them.defended them.


Section 3: From Protest to Section 3: From Protest to RevolutionRevolution

CrisesCrises such as the such as the Boston Tea Party and Boston Tea Party and the Intolerable Acts led the Intolerable Acts led to the to the outbreak of outbreak of fightingfighting between between Britain and her Britain and her colonies.colonies.


The Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea Party


December 16, 1773December 16, 1773 Colonists dressed as Colonists dressed as

Mohawk IndiansMohawk Indians dump dump tea into Boston Harbor.tea into Boston Harbor.

This was to protest British This was to protest British tea companies ability to tea companies ability to sell directly to colonists at sell directly to colonists at a a lower ratelower rate..

Colonists’ believed the Colonists’ believed the issueissue was not the tea, was not the tea, but Parliament’s but Parliament’s ability ability to tax the coloniesto tax the colonies. .


The The IntolerableIntolerable Acts Acts (British response to the Tea Party)(British response to the Tea Party)

Boston Harbor closedBoston Harbor closed… no ships in or out … no ships in or out until the colonists paid for the tea.until the colonists paid for the tea.

Colonists could not hold Colonists could not hold meetingsmeetings more more than once a year than once a year without permissionwithout permission..

Trial Trial juriesjuries were now chosen by were now chosen by British British officialsofficials..

British customs officials accused of crimes British customs officials accused of crimes could be tried out of the colonies.could be tried out of the colonies.

British soldiers could move into the British soldiers could move into the homes homes of the colonistsof the colonists if no other housing was if no other housing was “available.”“available.”


Type 1Type 1… Why were these … Why were these “intolerable” conditions so bad?“intolerable” conditions so bad?

For For eacheach of the “Intolerable Acts,” of the “Intolerable Acts,” write a sentence or two write a sentence or two

describing how you think they describing how you think they would negatively effect the would negatively effect the

colonists.colonists.


First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress

Held September 1774 in Held September 1774 in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia..

Representatives from all colonies Representatives from all colonies (except Georgia) agreed to (except Georgia) agreed to boycott boycott British goodsBritish goods and stop exporting and stop exporting good to England until the Intolerable good to England until the Intolerable Acts were Acts were repealedrepealed..

Each colony was urged to establish Each colony was urged to establish and train a and train a militiamilitia..


““The Shot Heard Round the The Shot Heard Round the World”World”


Militia and “Minutemen”Militia and “Minutemen”

MilitiaMilitia – Citizens – Citizens who serve as who serve as soldiers during an soldiers during an emergency.emergency.

MinutemenMinutemen – – Massachusetts Massachusetts militia who were militia who were ready to fight “at a ready to fight “at a minute’s notice.”minute’s notice.”


““The redcoats are coming!”The redcoats are coming!”April 17-18, 1775April 17-18, 1775

A group of British soldiers A group of British soldiers left Boston to seize a left Boston to seize a weapons cacheweapons cache held by held by the Sons of Liberty.the Sons of Liberty.

The [S. of L.] sent out The [S. of L.] sent out midnight riders including midnight riders including Paul ReverePaul Revere to warn to warn and muster the militia to and muster the militia to protect the weapons.protect the weapons.


Battle of Lexington British forces British forces

outnumbered the 70 outnumbered the 70 militia who started militia who started to leave before to leave before someone fired a someone fired a shotshot, starting a , starting a short firefight.short firefight.

The British killed 8 The British killed 8 colonists and moved colonists and moved on to…on to…


Battle of ConcordBattle of Concord After finding no weapons, After finding no weapons,

the British headed back the British headed back to Boston only to be to Boston only to be faced by faced by 300 300 minutemenminutemen on a bridge. on a bridge.

The British were The British were forced forced to retreatto retreat after being after being shot at by militia and shot at by militia and sharpshooters in the sharpshooters in the woods.woods.

73 Redcoats killed, 200 73 Redcoats killed, 200 wounded or missing.wounded or missing.


So what happens now?So what happens now?

Chapter 5 Crisis in the Colonies

Education

british soldiers

french empire

colonists expense

french traders

townshend acts colonists

british troops

war britain

boston tea party